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International Wound Journal Apr 2020In this study, mycobacteria, which were previously identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) with cord...
In this study, mycobacteria, which were previously identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) with cord factor and the p-nitro-alpha-acetyl-amino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) test were reanalysed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis method in order to confirm the identification, and at the same time, species accepted as MOTT were identified. Although the results of the NAP test were obtained within 3-5 days, the PCR-RFLP results were obtained in 1 day. Ten species identified as MTC with the NAP test and cord factor were confirmed with the PCR-RFLP method. Fourteen species accepted as MOTT were identified as Mycobacterium species with the evaluation of the bands observed after the restriction of PCR product with the PCR-RFLP method. These were as follows: three species Mycobacterium intracellulare type I, two species Mycobacterium phlei, two species Mycobacterium kansasii, one species Mycobacterium fortuitum type I, one species Mycobacterium gordonae type I, one species Mycobacterium abscessus type I, one species Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, one species Mycobacterium szulgai type I, one species Mycobacterium avium type II, and one species Mycobacterium terrae. Hence, the results of both the cord factor and the NAP test were confirmed with the molecular method, and at the same time, mycobacteria species identification was made by determining the fastest, easiest, and the most accurate result-giving method. Because PCR-RFLP is a very rapid method that provides exact identification of mycobacteria species, it can be performed in routine procedures.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
PubMed: 31863568
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13238 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2022The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new commercial kit for species identification and compare its results with that of the commonly used GenoType Mycobacterium...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new commercial kit for species identification and compare its results with that of the commonly used GenoType Mycobacterium CM assay. In addition, we were committed to identifying the main frequent species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Fujian.
METHODS
A total of 261 clinical strains, collected at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Province, China, were preliminarily identified as NTM based on p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB) growth test. The genomic DNA of all 261 strains was extracted and subjected to species identification using MeltPro Myco assay and GenoType Mycobacterium CM assay. The results of the latter were used as a control to calculate the positive agreement, negative agreement, agreement and the total agreement of the former. For samples with inconsistent detection results, sequencing was performed for verification.
RESULTS
Compared to GenoType Mycobacterium CM assay, the total agreement of MeltPro Myco assay was 96.55% (252/261 strains). Both the positive and negative agreement of MeltPro Myco assay in identifying , and mixed infections were higher than 99.00%, but the positive agreement of was relatively low at only 33.33%. In Fujian, the predominant strain of NTM was (64.36%, 130/202 strains), followed by (19.31%, 39/202 strains), (4.46%, 9/202 strains), and (3.96%, 8/202 strains).
CONCLUSION
The reliability of MeltPro Myco assay for identifying mycobacterium species was strongly demonstrated in this study, which greatly supports its usage for the clinical identification of mycobacteria. The present study also showed that the distribution of mycobacteria in Fujian, China, was significantly different from that in other regions and provided important data for future epidemiological study of NTM.
PubMed: 35769551
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S369160 -
Monaldi Archives For Chest Disease =... Nov 2022A 57-year-old farmer presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis, previously treated for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Referred to us for evaluation...
A 57-year-old farmer presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis, previously treated for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Referred to us for evaluation of drug resistant tuberculosis as his sputum was persistently positive for acid fast bacilli along with radiological worsening even after 6 months of antitubercular treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done and he was diagnosed with a rare mixed non-tuberculous mycobacyteria (NTM) pulmonary infection despite no immune dysfunction. He was successfully treated with multidrug regimen of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and clarithromycin.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Mycobacterium; Antitubercular Agents; Ethambutol; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36325918
DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2371 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Mar 2021Non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen increasing globally and indistinguishable from tuberculosis (TB), which remains a challenge...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen increasing globally and indistinguishable from tuberculosis (TB), which remains a challenge particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and diversity of NTM among both pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrpulmonary TB (EPTB) clinical isolates from south India.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 7633 specimens from TB suspects (PTB, n = 4327 and EPTB, n = 3306) were collected during the study period (July 2018-March 2020) in a tertiary care hospital. The study specimens were subjected to Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining and Auramine phenol (AP) staining followed by Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture. The MPT64 immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed among mycobacterial cultures and ICT negative isolates were subjected to Line Probe Assay (LPA). In addition, 53 (PTB, 48 and EPTB, 5) NTM MGIT positive cultures were collected from Intermediate Reference Laboratory (IRL), Puducherry and subjected to LPA for speciation.
RESULTS
Of the 7633 TB suspects, 0.6% were diagnosed as NTM diseases and 5.5% with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC). NTM infection was observed among 0.7% (31/4327) of PTB and 0.4% (14/3306) of EPTB. MTBC was detected among 6.1% (264/4327) of PTB and 4.6% (153/3306) of EPTB. Among 98 NTM cultures, 80.6% of isolates were recovered from PTB and 19.4% from EPTB specimens. Among pulmonary specimens, Mycobacterium intracellulare (26.6%), Mycobacterium abscessus (17.7%) and Mycobacterium kansasii (12.7%) were the most frequently detected species, while Mycobacterium intracellulare (21.1%), Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (15.8%) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (10.5%) were common in extrapulmonary specimens.
CONCLUSION
The frequency of NTM infection among TB suspects was low at a South Indian tertiary care hospital. The most predominant NTM species isolated from both pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens was M. intracellulare.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Species Specificity; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 33618276
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.027 -
International Journal of... 2022Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are on the rise worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of NTM disease create a dilemma for physicians as their clinical features often... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are on the rise worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of NTM disease create a dilemma for physicians as their clinical features often overlap with that of tuberculosis (TB). The present study aims to report a series of NTM infections presenting as suspected TB.
METHODS
It was a prospective observational study starting from December 2018 to January 2022. A total of 1850 suspected TB patients (pulmonary = 522 and extrapulmonary = 1328) were included in this study. Clinical features, radiological findings, microbiological diagnosis, treatment, and outcome were recorded. Clinical specimens were processed for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, GeneXpert MTB/Rif assay by cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test, and culture. The culture-positive isolates were categorized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or NTM depending on the detection of MPT64 antigen by immunochromatographic test. The NTM isolates were speciated by line probe assay using GenoType® Mycobacterium common mycobacteria kit. The criteria of the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America were applied to confirm NTM disease.
RESULTS
Of 1850 suspected TB patients, NTM disease was diagnosed in 20 patients (pulmonary = 9, nonpulmonary = 11). Eight NTM cases presented as suspected drug-resistant-TB with a history of antitubercular therapy. Among pulmonary NTM cases, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (n = 7) was the most common species followed by Mycobacterium kansasii (n = 1) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (n = 1). In nonpulmonary cases, Mycobacterium abscessus (n = 8) was involved in majority of cases followed by Mycobacterium fortuitum (n = 3). Cavitary lung disease and laparoscopic port site infections were most frequent pulmonary and non-pulmonary manifestations respectively.
CONCLUSION
Hence, there is an urgent need for better diagnostic and drug susceptibility testing facility along with standardized treatment protocol for NTM disease.
Topics: Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Prevalence; Tertiary Care Centers; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 35775549
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_68_22 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified...
The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPD-B and PPD-A). Infection with bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) can result in nonspecific reactions to these tests. We evaluated the performance of the skin test with PPDs and new defined antigens in the guinea pig model. A standard dose (SD) of Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum, M. persicum, M. microti, M. caprae and M. bovis, and a higher dose (HD) of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were tested using PPD-B, PPD-A, P22, ESAT-6-CFP-10-Rv3615c peptide cocktail long (PCL) and fusion protein (FP). The SD of R. equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis did not cause any reactions. The HD of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the SD of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum and M. persicum, caused nonspecific reactions (SIT). A CITT interpretation would have considered M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum groups negative, but not all individuals from M. nonchromogenicum HD, M. monacense HD and M. persicum SD groups. Only animals exposed to M. bovis and M. caprae reacted to PCL and FP. These results support the advantage of complementing or replacing PPD-B to improve specificity without losing sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Cattle; Paratuberculosis; Tuberculin; Mycobacterium; Tuberculosis, Bovine; Antigens; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 36806813
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30147-4 -
Southern African Journal of Infectious... 2024Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) management comprises prolonged therapy that includes macrolides. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria can cause disease in patients with...
BACKGROUND
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) management comprises prolonged therapy that includes macrolides. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria can cause disease in patients with predisposing conditions such as HIV and structural lung disease. Local data on NTM disease and macrolide resistance are scarce, and routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing is currently not performed for NTM in South Africa.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to characterise NTM isolated at Tshepong National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) according to species and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
METHOD
A retrospective data analysis of NTM isolates from Tshepong NHLS was performed from January to June 2020. GenoType NTM-DR was performed on selected isolates where the assay can confirm the species and determine resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides.
RESULTS
Of the 194 collected NTM isolates, 183 were included in the study. Patients' ages ranged from 1 day to 81 years (median 36 years). The most common specimen was sputum (84.7%), followed by gastric aspirate (6.6%). The most common NTM isolated were (67.6%), (12.6%), (4.3%), (3.9%), and (3.9%). Macrolide resistance occurred in 2.8% of tested isolates; no aminoglycoside resistance was detected. Although most isolates were from males (62.3%), resistance was observed only in females.
CONCLUSION
predominated, with only two and two isolates showing macrolide resistance; aminoglycoside resistance was absent.
CONTRIBUTION
This study highlights the need for increased awareness of NTM, regular nationwide NTM surveillance, and monitoring of resistance trends to guide future patient management and ensure good treatment outcomes.
PubMed: 38322299
DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v39i1.525 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive turtle species living in the wild has significantly increased in Poland. This proliferation carries many threats, which...
Over the last 30 years, the number of invasive turtle species living in the wild has significantly increased in Poland. This proliferation carries many threats, which mainly include the displacement of native species of animals from their natural habitats. Turtles can also be reservoirs for pathogens, including bacteria from the genus. In order to confirm or rule out the presence of acid-fast mycobacteria in the population of invasive turtle species, samples from carapace, plastron, internal organs and mouth cavity swabs from 125 animals were tested. Twenty-eight mycobacterial strains were isolated in culture, which were classified as atypical following multiplex-PCR reactions. The GenoType Mycobacterium Common Mycobacteria (CM) test, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PRA)- and DNA sequencing were used to identify the species of isolates. Of the 28 strains, 11 were identified as , 10 as , 3 as ssp. , 2 as and 1 each of and . The results of the research will also strengthen the understanding that these animals can be vectors for pathogens when living in the wild.
PubMed: 37111456
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040570 -
Veterinary Sciences Nov 2020: non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infect humans and animals and have a critical confounding effect on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The Official Mexican...
: non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infect humans and animals and have a critical confounding effect on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The Official Mexican Standard (Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM-ZOO-031-1995) for food safety regulates in cattle, but not the NTM species. The study's objective was to isolate and identify the NTM present in condemned bovine lymph nodes in a slaughterhouse, characterize the histological lesions, and correlate bacteriological and microscopic findings with the antemortem tuberculin skin test. : from 528 cattle, one or two pooled samples of lymph nodes from each animal were cultured for spp. and processed for histopathology. : mycobacteria were isolated from 54/528 (10.2%) of the condemned lymph nodes; 25/54 (46.2%) of these isolates were NTM; 4 bacteriological cultures with fungal contamination were discarded. Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation were present in 6/21 (28.6%) and 7/21 (33.3%) of the NTM-positive lymph nodes, respectively. The species of NTM associated with granulomatous lymphadenitis were , , , and , while those causing pyogranulomatous lesions were , , , and . : the NTM infections can cause false-positive results in the tuberculin test because of cross immune reactivity and interference with the postmortem identification of M. bovis in cattle.
PubMed: 33182568
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040172 -
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) May 2024Exposure to Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) varies regionally and may partly explain the disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility.
INTRODUCTION
Exposure to Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) varies regionally and may partly explain the disparate outcomes of BCG vaccination and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility.
METHODS
We examined NTM sputum colonization, associations with clinical characteristics, and tuberculin skin test (TST) responses in an adolescent TB prevalence survey.
RESULTS
Among 5004 adolescents screened, 2281 (45.5 %) were evaluated further. TB and NTM prevalence rates were 0.3 % and 8.0 %, respectively. Among 418 NTM isolates, 103 were unidentifiable, and 315 (75 %) comprised 15 species, the most frequent being M. intracellulare (MAC) (108, 26 %), M. scrofulaceum (96, 23 %) and M. fortuitum (51, 12 %). "NTM colonized" adolescents had less frequent chronic cough and night sweats (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.87and aOR 0.61, CI 0.42-0.89 respectively), and lower TST induration (median 11 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 0-16) vs 13 mm (IQR 6-17; p = 0.006)) when compared to "NTM not colonized" participants. MAC, but not M. scrofulaceum or M. fortuitum, was associated with decreased TST induration (median 7.5 mm (IQR 0-15) vs 13 mm (IQR 6-17) among "MAC colonized" vs "not colonized", p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We observed high NTM prevalence rates with species-specific associations with TST induration, consistent with a model of species-dependent heterologous immunity among mycobacteria.
PubMed: 38723342
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102514