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Epidemiology and Infection Apr 2024This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145...
This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145 respiratory samples, including pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid. The highest PCR-positive rate of M. pneumoniae was 74.5% in Beijing, the highest resistance rate was 100% in Shanghai, and Gansu was the lowest with 20%. The highest PCR-positive rate of was 74.5% in 2013, and the highest MRMP was 97.4% in 2019; the PCR-positive rate of for adults in Beijing was 17.9% and the MRMP was 10.48%. Among the children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the PCR-positive and macrolide-resistant rates of were both higher in the severe ones. A2063G in domain V of 23S rRNA was the major macrolide-resistant mutation, accounting for more than 90%. The MIC values of all MRMP to erythromycin and azithromycin were ≥ 64 μg/ml, and the MICs of tetracycline and levofloxacin were ≤ 0.5 μg/ml and ≤ 1 μg/ml, respectively. The macrolide resistance varied in different regions and years. Among inpatients, the macrolide-resistant rate was higher in severe pneumonia. A2063G was the common mutation, and we found no resistance to tetracycline and levofloxacin.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; China; Macrolides; Retrospective Studies; Child; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Aged; Infant; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38634450
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000323 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Jan 2024We report a surge of patients, especially children and adolescents, with respiratory disease caused by in Denmark since October 2023. While the surge has reached an...
We report a surge of patients, especially children and adolescents, with respiratory disease caused by in Denmark since October 2023. While the surge has reached an epidemic level, no impact on hospital capacity has been observed; only 14% (446/3,195) of cases, primarily adults, required hospitalisation. Macrolide resistance was detected in less than 2% of samples tested. Timely monitoring of hospitalisations linked to infections has been established to inform the healthcare system, decisionmakers and the public.
Topics: Child; Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Macrolides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Denmark
PubMed: 38214084
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300707 -
Spartan Medical Research Journal 2021(MP) is a common respiratory pathogen that can result in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Approximately 25% of patients diagnosed with MP experience extrapulmonary...
INTRODUCTION
(MP) is a common respiratory pathogen that can result in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Approximately 25% of patients diagnosed with MP experience extrapulmonary manifestations. -induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) was coined as a unique disease process in 2014. MIRM has prominent mucositis with or without a characteristic vesiculobullous and/or atypical targetoid eruption. Appropriate identification of this disease is important because it has a milder disease course with low rates of sequelae, and lower mortality compared to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the English literature on -induced rash and mucositis since the establishment of its diagnosis in 2014.
METHODS
The following online databases were used to identify appropriate studies that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria: Pubmed, Cochrane, MedLine, Health Evidence, EPPI center, Allied Health Evidence. The following MesH search terms were used to further identify articles; " induced rash and mucositis," " rash and mucositis," " rash," " mucositis," "MIRM," " induced rash and mucositis," " rash and mucositis," " rash," and " mucositis." Data was extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
One hundred and seventy-five records were initially screened, and nineteen studies were included in the review, leading to a total of 27 patients. Patients had a mean age of 16 years old (Range 4 - 46 years old), with the majority being males (74%). Pulmonary symptoms tended to precede extrapulmonary symptoms on an average of 7.8 days. Extrapulmonary symptoms consisted of oral lesions (96.3%) followed by ocular lesions (92.6%) and genital lesions (59.3%). Female patients were more likely to have genital lesions (71.4%) when compared with male patients (55%). Cutaneous rashes occurred in approximately one-half of the patients, which supports the theory that MIRM is a separate clinical entity from SJS and other related skin disorders.Confirmatory testing for MIRM was performed using IgM/IgG antibody testing or PCR in 19 (66.7%) and 6 (22.2%) patients respectively, although four cases reported the use of both serology and PCR, while five did not report confirmatory testing. Systemic antibiotics were used frequently in treatment 22 patients (77.8%) and 27 (100%) of the patients received various supportive care. Approximately 11 (37%) patients of reported cases used systemic steroids to reduce systemic inflammation. Other systemic treatments were used in six (21.4%) cases, and included intravenous immunoglobulins and cyclosporine A. Only eight patients (22.2%) reported having any lasting sequelae.
CONCLUSION
-induced rash and mucositis is a recently described extra-pulmonary manifestation of infections. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the MIRM literature since the introduction of the diagnosis in 2014. The authors hope that this review can serve to better our current understanding and lead to improved identification, work-up, and treatment of this disease. One notable limitation of this study is the relatively small sample size, which is due to the recent introduction of the term.
PubMed: 34532621
DOI: 10.51894/001c.25284 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022(MP) is an important human pathogen that mainly affects children causing general and severe pneumonia (G/SMPP). In the present study, a comprehensive immune response...
(MP) is an important human pathogen that mainly affects children causing general and severe pneumonia (G/SMPP). In the present study, a comprehensive immune response data (33 cytokines) was obtained in school-age children (3-9 years old) during MPP, aiming to analyze the immune response patterns during MPP. At acute phase, changes of cytokines were both detected in GMPP (24/33) and SMPP (23/33) groups compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05), with 20 identical cytokines. Between MPP groups, the levels of 13 cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-20, IL-28A, IL-32, IL-35, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IFN-β, BAFF, and TSLP) were higher and three cytokines (LIGHT, OPN and CHI3L1) were lower in the SMPP group than in the GMPP group (p < 0.05). Function analysis reveals that macrophage function (sCD163, CHI3L1) are not activated in both MPP groups; difference in regulatory patterns of T cells (IL26, IL27, OPN, LIGHT) and defective activation of B cells (BAFF) were detected in the SMPP group compared to the GMPP group. Besides, the level of osteocalcin; sIL-6Rβ and MMP-2 are both decreased in MPP groups at acute and convalescent phases compared to the healthy group, among which the levels of sIL-6Rβ and MMP-2 showed negative correlations (p < 0.1) to the application of bronchial lavage in SMPP group, indicating their roles in the development of MPP. At the convalescent phase, more cytokines recovered in GMPP (18) than SMPP (11), revealing better controlled immune response during GMPP. These results reveal different immune response patterns during GMPP and SMPP. In addition, the differentiated cytokines may serve as potential indicators of SMPP; early intervention on immune response regulations may be helpful in reducing the severity of SMPP.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Cytokines; Immunity
PubMed: 36618370
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088725 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2020is a cell wall-less bacterial pathogen of the conducting airways, causing bronchitis and atypical or "walking" pneumonia in humans. recognizes sialylated and sulfated...
is a cell wall-less bacterial pathogen of the conducting airways, causing bronchitis and atypical or "walking" pneumonia in humans. recognizes sialylated and sulfated oligosaccharide receptors to colonize the respiratory tract, but the contribution of the latter is particularly unclear. We used chamber slides coated with sulfatide (3--sulfogalactosylceramide) to provide a baseline for binding and gliding motility. As expected, bound to surfaces coated with sulfatide in a manner that was dependent on sulfatide concentration and incubation temperature and inhibited by competing dextran sulfate. However, mycoplasmas bound to sulfatide exhibited no gliding motility, regardless of receptor density. also bound lactose 3'-sulfate ligated to an inert polymer scaffold, and binding was inhibited by competing dextran sulfate. The major adhesin protein P1 mediates adherence to terminal sialic acids linked α-2,3, but P1-specific antibodies that blocked hemadsorption (HA) and binding to the sialylated glycoprotein laminin by 95% failed to inhibit mycoplasma binding to sulfatide, suggesting that P1 does not mediate binding to sulfated galactose. Consistent with this conclusion, the HA-negative mutant II-3 failed to bind to sialylated receptors but adhered to sulfatide in a temperature-dependent manner.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Glycoproteins; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 32839185
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00392-20 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2023Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. It produces infections all It produces infections world-wide, in epidemic outbreaks every 4-7 years, or... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. It produces infections all It produces infections world-wide, in epidemic outbreaks every 4-7 years, or endemically. Its clinical manifestations occur mostly in the respiratory tract and it is a common cause of atypical pneumonia. The treatment is with macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. Since 2000, an increase in resistance to macrolides has been detected worldwide, being more frequent in Asia. In Europe the frequency of resistance ranges between 1% and 25%, depending on the country. Molecular techniques and serology techniques provides very high sensitivity in diagnostic confirmation, being very useful for detecting and controlling M. pneumoniae outbreaks. The detection of resistance to macrolides requires a sequencing technique.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Macrolides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Europe
PubMed: 36966384
DOI: 10.37201/req/118.2022 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022() is an important pathogen of community acquired pneumonia. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the prevalence of some infectious respiratory...
OBJECTIVE
() is an important pathogen of community acquired pneumonia. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the prevalence of some infectious respiratory diseases has varied. Epidemiological features of in children from Beijing (China) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated.
METHODS
Between June 2016 and May 2021, a total of 569,887 children with respiratory infections from Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics (Beijing, China) were included in this study. specific-IgM antibody in serum specimens of these patients was tested by a rapid immunochromatographic assay kit. The relevant clinical data of -positive cases were also collected, and analyzed by RStudio software.
RESULTS
The results showed that 13.08% of collected samples were positive for specific-IgM antibody. The highest annual positive rate was 17.59% in 2019, followed by 12.48% in 2018, 12.31% in 2017, and 11.73% in 2016, while the rate dropped to 8.9% in 2020 and 4.95% in 2021, with significant difference. Among the six years, the positive rates in summer and winter seasons were significantly higher than those in spring and autumn seasons ( < 0.001). The positive rate was the highest in school-age children (22.20%), and lowest in the infant group (8.76%, < 0.001). The positive rate in boys (11.69%) was lower than that in girls (14.80%, < 0.001). There were no significant differences in different seasons, age groups, or genders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated that an outbreak started from the summer of 2019 in Beijing. After the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the end of 2019, the positive rates dropped dramatically. This may be due to the restrictive measures of the COVID-19 pandemic, which effectively controlled the transmission of . The relationships between positive rates and season, age, and gender were not statistically significant before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Beijing; COVID-19; Child; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Infant; Male; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prevalence
PubMed: 35573799
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854505 -
SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine 2022Social restrictions effectively interrupted the typical respiratory virus circulation. The aim of this report is to describe how atypical pneumonia bacteria detections...
UNLABELLED
Social restrictions effectively interrupted the typical respiratory virus circulation. The aim of this report is to describe how atypical pneumonia bacteria detections have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finnish children. , , and findings were gathered from the National Infectious Diseases Register from 2015 to 2021 and stratified into three age groups (0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years). Incidences per 100,000 children were calculated and 2020 and 2021 was compared to the mean incidence of reference years (2015-2019) by incidence rate ratios. incidence was 32% lower in 2020 and 88% lower in 2021 compared to reference years. etections decreased rapidly in 2020 and not a single detection of was reported to the register in 2021. incidence was 72% lower in 2020 and 89% lower in 2021 than in the reference years. All these findings were seen in all age groups. As the incidences of , , and detections have been low throughout the pandemic, it seems that the social restrictions have been effective in preventing the spreading of these respiratory bacteria in children.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42399-022-01251-9.
PubMed: 35856013
DOI: 10.1007/s42399-022-01251-9 -
Respiratory Medicine Jan 2024The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical...
BACKGROUND
The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical manifestations and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively investigate whether chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is associated with its clinical features and outcomes.
METHODS
A total of 1,401 hospitalized children with MPP were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021. Imaging findings were categorized as bronchopneumonia and consolidation/atelectasis according to X-ray, and bronchopneumonia, consolidation/atelectasis, bronchiolitis, and mosaic pattern according to computed tomography (CT). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with different imaging classifications were prospectively analyzed based on electronic medical records.
RESULTS
Bronchopneumonia was the most common finding (59.6%), while consolidation/atelectasis was the most severe group. Clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators for the consolidation/atelectasis group included serious abnormalities. Further, outcomes of the patients were worse, including having longer total durations of fever and hospitalization, greater hospitalization expenses, and a higher likelihood of developing refractory MPP, necrotizing pneumonia, and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in this group. The incidence of bronchiolitis, a disease characterized by a high prevalence of fever, moist rales, and an atopic constitution, tended to increase after the coronavirus disease pandemic and predisposed patients to BO. A mosaic pattern occurred in allergic and young individuals, with wheezing as the main manifestation, with patients having relatively mild symptoms and good outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Different imaging classifications have different clinical features and clinical outcomes; thus, formulating an imaging-based classification system is of great clinical value.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bronchopneumonia; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Fever
PubMed: 38043865
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107480 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jul 2024We report a large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections encompassing 218 cases (0.8% of 26,449 patients tested) during 2023-2024 in Marseille,...
We report a large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections encompassing 218 cases (0.8% of 26,449 patients tested) during 2023-2024 in Marseille, France. The bacterium is currently circulating and primarily affects children <15 years of age. High prevalence of co-infections warrants the use of a syndromic diagnostic strategy.
Topics: Humans; France; Disease Outbreaks; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Male; Female; Adult; Infant; Young Adult; Middle Aged; History, 21st Century; Aged; Prevalence; Coinfection; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 38816344
DOI: 10.3201/eid3007.240315