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JACC. Heart Failure Oct 2022
Topics: Genetic Testing; Heart Failure; Humans; Myocarditis
PubMed: 36175057
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.07.003 -
International Journal of Sports Medicine Dec 2022Myocarditis is an umbrella term for non-ischemic myocardial inflammation and remains a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in active individuals and athletes. Accurate... (Review)
Review
Myocarditis is an umbrella term for non-ischemic myocardial inflammation and remains a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in active individuals and athletes. Accurate diagnosing is challenging and diseases could often remain undetected. In the majority of cases, acute myocarditis resolves favourably. However, a relevant proportion of patients may have an increased risk of prognostically relevant cardiac arrhythmias and/or the development and progression of maladaptive myocardial remodelling (dilated cardiomyopathy). This review provides current knowledge on myocarditis and sports with special regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible causes, common symptoms and proposed diagnostics are summarized. The relevance of temporary avoidance of intensive sports activities for both the prevention and therapy of acute myocarditis is discussed. Risk stratification, specific return-to-play recommendations and proposed follow-up diagnostics (also after COVID-19 infection) are presented.
Topics: Humans; Myocarditis; COVID-19; Pandemics; Return to Sport; Sports
PubMed: 35345017
DOI: 10.1055/a-1810-5314 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2022Immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been revolutionary in the treatment of cancer. A rare but serious adverse effect is the development of heart muscle inflammation...
Immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been revolutionary in the treatment of cancer. A rare but serious adverse effect is the development of heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis). The prevalence of this type of myocarditis is increasing as more cancer patients receive treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Knowledge of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis is important to enable early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. In this article we provide a clinical review of this.
Topics: Humans; Myocarditis; Myocardium; Neoplasms; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 36511752
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0817 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Myocarditis; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34791441
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab280 -
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology Feb 2022Cardiovascular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is relatively common and portends an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Manifestations of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Cardiovascular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is relatively common and portends an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Manifestations of myocardial injury may exhibit significant overlap and result in diagnostic uncertainty. This review will summarize recent literature around cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
RECENT FINDINGS
Venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, and type II myocardial infarction are observed commonly in COVID-19, while severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral myocarditis remains quite rare. Although infrequent, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with myocarditis and pericarditis in young individuals.
SUMMARY
Various forms of COVID-19-related myocardial injury have been associated with increased utilization of mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic deterioration, and mortality. Manifestations of myocardial injury in COVID-19 are varied, but share common drivers of illness including sequelae of sepsis, immune-mediated factors, and a prothrombotic state. Understanding the forms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 may aid in rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Myocarditis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34839301
DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000001076 -
Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that, at the time of this writing, has led to 178,000,000 cases worldwide and more than 3,875,000 deaths.... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that, at the time of this writing, has led to 178,000,000 cases worldwide and more than 3,875,000 deaths. Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 have become the focus of investigation after many hospitalized COVID-19 patients-with or without established cardiovascular disease-incurred clinical or subclinical myocardial injury, including isolated biomarker elevations, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, myocarditis, and cardiogenic shock. In this review, we highlight the most recent evidence of the prevalence and potential etiologies of acute and subclinical myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; COVID-19; Humans; Myocarditis; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34992721
DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1038 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2022Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a causal factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of immune checkpoint... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a causal factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the role of the immune system in myocardial inflammation (myocarditis) and subsequent inflammatory cardiomyopathy has once again regained attention. In this review, we want to bring myocardial inflammation to the clinician's attention and provide up-to-date knowledge on its diagnostic workup, prognostication, and current management recommendations.
Topics: COVID-19; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Humans; Inflammation; Myocarditis; Pandemics
PubMed: 35703074
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine Apr 2022An early report during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak noted myocardial involvement with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels >99 percentile in approximately 20% of... (Review)
Review
An early report during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak noted myocardial involvement with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels >99 percentile in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients. Patients with cTnI elevations had higher in-hospital mortality. Additionally, myocarditis is associated with exercise-related sudden cardiac death in athletes. Therefore, reports of COVID-19 myocarditis concerned the sports cardiology community, which issued two guidelines on managing athletes with COVID-19 infection. We reviewed reports of myocardial involvement in athletes after COVID-19 infection published before June 2021. The incidence of the diagnosis of myocarditis in athletes post-COVID-19 ranged from 0 to 15.4% based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) performed 10 to 194 days after initial diagnosis of COVID-19. Only a few studies adhered to accepted myocarditis diagnostic guidelines and only two studies included a control group of uninfected athletes. There was significant heterogeneity in the method and protocols used in evaluating athletes post-COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis in athletes appears to be over-diagnosed. The evaluation of myocarditis post-COVID-19 should be individually performed and managed according to the current guidelines. This can potentially prevent needless training restrictions and the inability to participate in competitive sports.
Topics: Athletes; COVID-19; Humans; Incidence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocarditis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34954013
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.009 -
Circulation Research Jun 2024Autoimmunity significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis, underscored by its increased frequency in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus... (Review)
Review
Autoimmunity significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis, underscored by its increased frequency in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis. Even in cases of myocarditis caused by viral infections, dysregulated immune responses contribute to pathogenesis. However, whether triggered by existing autoimmune conditions or viral infections, the precise antigens and immunologic pathways driving myocarditis remain incompletely understood. The emergence of myocarditis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, commonly used for treating cancer, has afforded an opportunity to understand autoimmune mechanisms in myocarditis, with autoreactive T cells specific for cardiac myosin playing a pivotal role. Despite their self-antigen recognition, cardiac myosin-specific T cells can be present in healthy individuals due to bypassing the thymic selection stage. In recent studies, novel modalities in suppressing the activity of pathogenic T cells including cardiac myosin-specific T cells have proven effective in treating autoimmune myocarditis. This review offers an overview of the current understanding of heart antigens, autoantibodies, and immune cells as the autoimmune mechanisms underlying various forms of myocarditis, along with the latest updates on clinical management and prospects for future research.
Topics: Myocarditis; Humans; Autoimmune Diseases; Animals; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; T-Lymphocytes; Autoantigens; Cardiac Myosins
PubMed: 38843292
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.124.323816 -
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Myocarditis; Prognosis
PubMed: 35485654
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16246