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Scientific Reports Jul 2021Fatty acids (FA) have a multitude of biological actions on living cells. A target of their action is cell motility, a process of critical importance during cancer cell...
Fatty acids (FA) have a multitude of biological actions on living cells. A target of their action is cell motility, a process of critical importance during cancer cell dissemination. Here, we studied the effect of unsaturated FA on ovarian cancer cell migration in vitro and its role in regulating cytoskeleton structures that are essential for cell motility. Scratch wound assays on human ovary cancer SKOV-3 cell monolayers revealed that low doses (16 μM) of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 ω6) and oleic acid (OA; 18:1 ω9) promoted migration, while α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 ω3), showed a migration rate similar to that of the control group. Single cell tracking demonstrated that LA and OA-treated cells migrated faster and were more orientated towards the wound closure than control. In vitro addition of those FA resulted in an increased number, length and protrusion speed of filopodia and also in a prominent and dynamic lamellipodia at the cell leading edge. Using time-lapse video-microscopy and FRAP we observed an increase in both the speed and frequency of actin waves associated with more mobile actin and augmented Rac1 activity. We also observed that FA induced microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)-orientation towards the cell front and affected the dynamics of microtubules (MT) in the direction of cell migration. We propose that environmental cues such as OA and LA present in ascitic fluid, should be taken into account as key factors for the regulation of cell migration.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Ascitic Fluid; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Microtubules; Oleic Acid; Ovarian Neoplasms; Single-Cell Analysis; Time-Lapse Imaging; Up-Regulation; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
PubMed: 34294745
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94399-8 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2022High-oleic acid (OA) vegetable oils are replacing some traditional vegetable oils in the US food supply. This may lead to reduced intake of the essential fatty acids...
BACKGROUND
High-oleic acid (OA) vegetable oils are replacing some traditional vegetable oils in the US food supply. This may lead to reduced intake of the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in children, who need EFAs for growth and development and reduced risk for cardiometabolic disease into adulthood.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were the following: 1) to estimate trends in daily intake of EFAs among children aged 1-8 y, 2) identify top food sources of EFAs, and 3) evaluate the effects of replacing traditional oils with high-OA oils on meeting daily recommended intakes of EFAs.
METHODS
Dietary data from 7814 children aged 1-8 y were acquired from the NHANES (2007-2016). Using a diet model, we evaluated the effect of replacing 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of traditional oils with high-OA oils on meeting adequate intakes (AIs) for EFAs.
RESULTS
Major food sources of EFAs among all age-sex groups were grain dishes (35-40% of daily intake), meat and seafood dishes (17-21%), and fruit and vegetable dishes (12-14%). Replacing 40% or more of traditional oils with high-OA oil varieties will lead to inadequate daily intakes of EFAs.
CONCLUSION
Replacement of traditional vegetable oils with high-OA varieties will place children at risk of not meeting the AI levels for EFAs. A balanced approach of including traditional oils and high-OA oils in the US food supply is needed to prevent inadequate intakes of EFAs in children.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Essential; Humans; Infant; Nutrition Surveys; Oleic Acid; Plant Oils
PubMed: 34910115
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab407 -
Diabetologia Feb 2022Energy-dense nutrition generally induces insulin resistance, but dietary composition may differently affect glucose metabolism. This study investigated initial effects... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Energy-dense nutrition generally induces insulin resistance, but dietary composition may differently affect glucose metabolism. This study investigated initial effects of monounsaturated vs saturated lipid meals on basal and insulin-stimulated myocellular glucose metabolism and insulin signalling.
METHODS
In a randomised crossover study, 16 lean metabolically healthy volunteers received single meals containing safflower oil (SAF), palm oil (PAL) or vehicle (VCL). Whole-body glucose metabolism was assessed from glucose disposal (R) before and during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps with D-[6,6-H]glucose. In serial skeletal muscle biopsies, subcellular lipid metabolites and insulin signalling were measured before and after meals.
RESULTS
SAF and PAL raised plasma oleate, but only PAL significantly increased plasma palmitate concentrations. SAF and PAL increased myocellular diacylglycerol and activated protein kinase C (PKC) isoform θ (p < 0.05) but only PAL activated PKCɛ. Moreover, PAL led to increased myocellular ceramides along with stimulated PKCζ translocation (p < 0.05 vs SAF). During clamp, SAF and PAL both decreased insulin-stimulated R (p < 0.05 vs VCL), but non-oxidative glucose disposal was lower after PAL compared with SAF (p < 0.05). Muscle serine-phosphorylation of IRS-1 was increased upon SAF and PAL consumption (p < 0.05), whereas PAL decreased serine-phosphorylation of Akt more than SAF (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Lipid-induced myocellular insulin resistance is likely more pronounced with palmitate than with oleate and is associated with PKC isoforms activation and inhibitory insulin signalling.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov .NCT01736202.
FUNDING
German Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Science of the State North Rhine-Westphalia, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, European Regional Development Fund, German Research Foundation, German Center for Diabetes Research.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Calorimetry; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fats; Diglycerides; Fatty Acids; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oleic Acid; Palm Oil; Palmitates; Protein Kinase C; Safflower Oil; Young Adult
PubMed: 34704121
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05596-z -
PloS One 2022Reports related to Camellia weiningensis Y.K. Li. are rare. We evaluated the economic characteristics of the mature fruit of 45 superior C. weiningensis trees using...
Reports related to Camellia weiningensis Y.K. Li. are rare. We evaluated the economic characteristics of the mature fruit of 45 superior C. weiningensis trees using principal component analysis (PCA) and gray correlation analysis, and identified excellent germplasms according to performance. PCA was employed to reduce the dimensions. PCA was performed for the original 15 indices of fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit shape, single-fruit weight, pericarp thickness, oil yield, fresh seed rate, dry seed rate, dry kernel rate and palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid contents. According to the requirements of a cumulative contribution rate ≥ 80% and an eigenvector value > 1, six principle components were selected. These indices underwent weighted summation to establish a function model for comprehensive evaluation. Finally, the comprehensive rankings of the cultivars according to PCA were compared with those according to gray correlation analysis. The genetic variation coefficients of the 15 parameters ranged from 2.24% (oleic acid content) to 22.70% (single-fruit weight, with a range of 21.34 g). The top ten excellent cultivars with the highest comprehensive scores according to PCA and those according to gray correlation analysis were compared. According to PCA, oleic acid content, fruit diameter, fruit length, pericarp thickness, arachidonic acid content and dry seed rate can serve as representative evaluation indicators of C. weiningensis. The outcomes obtained based on PCA were basically consistent with those obtained based on gray correlation analysis. Finally, nine excellent cultivars were finally determined, i.e., WY-1, WY-6, WY-8, WY-25, WY-27, WY-30, WY-33, WY-35, WY-38 and WY-44. The results obtained in terms of crown yield were basically consistent with the outcomes of the comprehensive assessments, which indicates the reliability of the assessment methods used in this study.
Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Camellia; Fatty Acids; Fruit; Oleic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Trees
PubMed: 35617353
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268802 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Mar 2023Today, there is a lack of clinically available imaging techniques to detect and quantify specific immune cell populations. Neutrophils are one of the first immune cells...
Today, there is a lack of clinically available imaging techniques to detect and quantify specific immune cell populations. Neutrophils are one of the first immune cells at the site of inflammation, and they secrete the serine protease neutrophil elastase (NE), which is crucial in the fight against pathogens. However, the prolonged lifespan of neutrophils increases the risk that patients will develop severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we evaluated the novel radiolabeled NE inhibitor C-GW457427 in a pig model of ARDS, for detection and quantification of neutrophil activity in the lungs. ARDS was induced by intravenous administration of oleic acid to 5 farm pigs, and 4 were considered healthy controls. The severity of ARDS was monitored by clinical parameters of lung function and plasma biomarkers. Each pig was studied with C-GW457427 and PET/CT, before and after pretreatment with the NE inhibitor GW311616 to determine in vivo binding specificity. PET image data were analyzed as SUVs and correlated with immunohistochemical staining for NE in biopsies. The binding of C-GW457427 was increased in pig lungs with induced ARDS (median SUV, 1.91; interquartile range [IQR], 1.67-2.55) compared with healthy control pigs ( < 0.05 and = 0.03, respectively; median SUV, 1.04; IQR, 0.66-1.47). The binding was especially strong in lung regions with high levels of NE and ongoing inflammation, as verified by immunohistochemistry. The binding was successfully blocked by pretreatment of an NE inhibitor drug, which demonstrated the in vivo specificity of C-GW457427 ( < 0.05 and = 0.04, respectively; median SUV, 0.60; IQR, 0.58-0.77). The binding in neutrophil-rich tissues such as bone marrow ( < 0.05 and = 0.04, respectively; baseline median SUV, 5.01; IQR, 4.48-5.49; block median SUV, 1.57; IQR, 0.95-1.85) and spleen (median SUV, 2.14; IQR, 1.19-2.36) was also high in all pigs. C-GW457427 binds to NE in a porcine model of oleic acid-induced lung inflammation in vivo, with a specific increase in regional lung, bone marrow, and spleen SUV. C-GW457427 is a promising tool for localizing, tracking, and quantifying neutrophil-facilitated inflammation in clinical diagnostics and drug development.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Leukocyte Elastase; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Oleic Acid; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Inflammation; Neutrophils
PubMed: 36109184
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264306 -
Journal of Dairy Science Nov 2021Freeze drying is one of the most convenient ways to preserve microorganisms, but in the freeze-drying process, strains will inevitably suffer varying degrees of damage...
Freeze drying is one of the most convenient ways to preserve microorganisms, but in the freeze-drying process, strains will inevitably suffer varying degrees of damage under different conditions. The deterioration of cell membrane integrity is one of the main forms of damage. The type and ratio of fatty acids in the cell membrane affect its characteristics. Therefore, it is worth investigating whether certain fatty acids can increase freeze-drying resistance. In this study, we found that adding a low concentration of oleic acid to a cryoprotectant could increase survival rate of strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum following freeze drying, and the optimal concentration of oleic acid was determined to be 0.001%. When 0.001% oleic acid was added to phosphate-buffered saline, the freeze-drying survival rate of L. plantarum increased by up to 6.63 times. Adding 0.001% oleic acid to sorbitol, the survival rate of L. plantarum increased by as much as 3.65 times. The 0.001% oleic acid-sucrose cryoprotectant resulted in a freeze-drying survival rate of L. plantarum of about 90%, a 2.26-fold improvement compared with sucrose alone. Although the effect of oleic acid depends on the cryoprotectants used and the strain treated, addition of oleic acid showed significant improvement overall. Further experiments showed that adding a low concentration of oleic acid to the cryoprotectants improved the freeze-drying survival rate of L. plantarum by maintaining cell membrane integrity and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Our findings provide a new strategy for safeguarding bacterial viability in commonly used cryoprotectants by the addition of a common food ingredient, which may be extensively applied in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Cryoprotective Agents; Freeze Drying; Microbial Viability; Oleic Acid; Sucrose
PubMed: 34419274
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20070 -
Nutrients Dec 2021This first comprehensive review of fresh Hass avocados includes 19 clinical trials, five observational studies, and biological mechanisms. We identified four primary... (Review)
Review
This first comprehensive review of fresh Hass avocados includes 19 clinical trials, five observational studies, and biological mechanisms. We identified four primary avocado health effects: (1) reducing cardiovascular disease risk in healthy overweight or obese adults with dyslipidemia by lowering non-HDL-C profiles, triglycerides, LDL oxidation, small atherogenic LDL particles and promoting postprandial vascular endothelial health for better peripheral blood flow; (2) lowering the risk of being overweight or obese, supporting weight loss, and reducing visceral fat tissue in overweight or obese women; (3) improving cognitive function in older normal-weight adults and in young to middle age overweight or obese adults especially in frontal cortex executive function; and (4) stimulating improved colonic microbiota health in overweight or obese adults by promoting healthier microflora and fecal metabolites. We also identified a unique combination of four Hass avocado nutritional features that appear to be primarily responsible for these health effects: (1) a 6 to 1 unsaturated (rich in oleic acid) to saturated fat ratio similar to olive oil; (2) a source of multifunctional prebiotic and viscous fiber; (3) a relatively low energy density of 1.6 kcal/g (79% of edible Hass avocado weight consists of water and fiber with a creamy, smooth texture); and (4) its oleic acid and water emulsion increases carotenoid absorption from low-fat fruits and vegetables (e.g., salsa or salad) when consumed with avocados. They are also a good source of micronutrients and polyphenols, and are very low in sodium and available carbohydrates supporting secondary health and wellness benefits. Hass avocado health effects are best demonstrated when consumed in a healthy dietary plan such as the Mediterranean diet. More extensive and longer clinical trials are needed to further enhance our understanding of the Hass avocado's health effects.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, Healthy; Dietary Fiber; Endothelium, Vascular; Executive Function; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Obesity; Observational Studies as Topic; Oleic Acid; Particle Size; Persea; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss
PubMed: 34959933
DOI: 10.3390/nu13124376 -
PloS One 2024On a global scale, lung cancer(LC) is the most commonly occurring form of cancer. Nonetheless, the process of screening and detecting it in its early stages presents...
On a global scale, lung cancer(LC) is the most commonly occurring form of cancer. Nonetheless, the process of screening and detecting it in its early stages presents significant challenges. Earlier research endeavors have recognized metabolites as potentially reliable biomarkers for LC. However, the majority of these studies have been limited in scope, featuring inconsistencies in terms of the relationships and levels of association observed.Moreover, there has been a lack of consistency in the types of biological samples utilized in previous studies. Therefore, the main objective of our research was to explore the correlation between metabolites and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Thorough two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, we investigated potential cause-and-effect relationships between 1400 metabolites and the risk of NSCLC.The analysis of TSMR revealed a significant causal impact of 61 metabolites on NSCLC.To ensure the reliability and validity of our findings, we perform FDR correction for P-values by Benjaminiand Hochberg(BH) method, Our results indicate that Oleate/vaccenate (18:1) levels and Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio may be causally associated with an increased risk of NSCLC [Oleate/vaccenate(18:1)levels: OR = 1.171,95%CI: 1.085-1.265, FDR = 0.036; Caffeine to paraxanthine ratio: OR = 1.386, 95%CI:1.191-1.612,FDR = 0.032].
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Caffeine; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Oleic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38517880
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300904 -
PeerJ 2023Forkhead box a2 (Foxa2) is proven to be an insulin-sensitive transcriptional regulator and affects hepatic steatosis. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by...
OBJECTIVE
Forkhead box a2 (Foxa2) is proven to be an insulin-sensitive transcriptional regulator and affects hepatic steatosis. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which Foxa2 affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS
Animal and cellular models of NAFLD were constructed using high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and oleic acid (OA) stimulation, respectively. NAFLD mice received tail vein injections of either an overexpressing negative control (oe-NC) or Foxa2 (oe-Foxa2) for four weeks. HepG2 cells were transfected with oe-NC and oe-Foxa2 for 48 h before OA stimulation. Histological changes and lipid accumulation were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining, respectively. Expression of Foxa2, NF-κB/IKK pathway proteins, lipid synthesis proteins, and fatty acid β-oxidation protein in HFD mice and OA-induced HepG2 cells was detected using western blot.
RESULTS
Foxa2 expression was downregulated in HFD mice and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Foxa2 overexpression attenuated lipid accumulation and liver injury, and reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, or triglyceride in HFD mice and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Moreover, Foxa2 overexpression decreased the expression of lipid synthesis proteins and increased fatty acid β-oxidation protein expression in the liver tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of Foxa2 downregulated the expression of p-NF-κB/NF-κB and p-IKK/IKK in OA-induced HepG2 cells. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (NF-κB/IKK pathway activator) administration reversed the downregulation of lipid synthesis proteins and the upregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation protein.
CONCLUSION
Foxa2 expression is downregulated in NAFLD. Foxa2 ameliorated hepatic steatosis and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB/IKK signaling pathway.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction; Oleic Acid; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta
PubMed: 38084145
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16466 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Nov 2020Obesity is associated with altered fatty acid profiles, reduced fertility, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) success. The effects of palmitic acid (PA), oleic...
Oleic Acid Counters Impaired Blastocyst Development Induced by Palmitic Acid During Mouse Preimplantation Development: Understanding Obesity-Related Declines in Fertility.
Obesity is associated with altered fatty acid profiles, reduced fertility, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) success. The effects of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), and their combination on mouse preimplantation development, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway gene expression, lipid droplet formation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were characterized. Two-cell stage mouse embryos collected from superovulated and mated CD1 females were placed into culture with KSOMaa medium, or PA alone or in combination with OA for 46 h. PA significantly reduced blastocyst development in a concentration-dependent manner, which was prevented by co-treatment with OA. PA and OA levels in mouse reproductive tracts were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). LC-MS indicated higher concentrations of PA in the mouse oviduct than the uterus. Transcript analysis revealed that PA alone groups had increased ER stress pathway (ATF3, CHOP, and XBP1 splicing) mRNAs, which was alleviated by OA co-treatment. OA co-treatment significantly increased lipid droplet accumulation and significantly decreased mitochondrial ROS from PA treatment alone. PA treatment for only 24 h significantly reduced its impact on blastocyst development from the 2-cell stage. Thus, PA affects ER stress pathway gene expression, lipid droplet accumulation, and mitochondrial ROS in treated preimplantation embryos. These mechanisms may serve to offset free fatty acid exposure effects on preimplantation development, but their protective ability may be overwhelmed by elevated PA.
Topics: Animals; Blastocyst; Embryonic Development; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Female; Fertility; Mice; Obesity; Oleic Acid; Oviducts; Palmitic Acid; Reactive Oxygen Species; Uterus
PubMed: 32542540
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00223-5