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Nutrients Jun 2023Changes in serum concentration of methylarginines and amino acids after exercise are well documented, whereas the effects of exercise applied together with fasting are...
Changes in serum concentration of methylarginines and amino acids after exercise are well documented, whereas the effects of exercise applied together with fasting are still debated and not thoroughly studied. Thus, we hypothesised that alterations in methylarginines such as ADMA, SDMA and L-NMMA might be responsible for decreased exercise performance after 8 days of fasting. Additionally, we propose that conditions in which the human body is exposed to prolonged fasting for more than a week elicit a distinctly different response to exercise than after overnight fasting. A group of 10 healthy men with previous fasting experience participated in the study. The exercise test was performed until exhaustion with a gradually increasing intensity before and after the 8-day fast. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. ADMA, SDMA, L-NMMA, dimethylamine and amino acids were analysed in serum samples by ID-LC-MS/MS. SDMA, L-NMMA and dimethylamine significantly decreased after 8 days of fasting, whereas ADMA did not change. BCAA, Phe, alanine and some other amino acids increased after fasting. Exercise-induced changes in amino acids were distinct after an 8-day fast compared to overnight fasting. A decrease in physical performance accompanied all of these alterations. In conclusion, our data indicate that neither methyl-arginine changes nor the Trp/BCAA ratio can explain exercise-induced fatigue after fasting. However, the observed decrease in hArg concentration suggests the limited synthesis of creatine, possibly contributing to reduced physical performance.
Topics: Male; Humans; Amino Acids; omega-N-Methylarginine; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Arginine
PubMed: 37447307
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132981 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020() is one of the most important agents of dermatophyte infection in humans. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of HaCaT cells on , investigate the...
() is one of the most important agents of dermatophyte infection in humans. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of HaCaT cells on , investigate the responsible mechanism of action, and explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the inhibition of growth by HaCaT cells. The viability of fungi treated with HaCaT cells alone and with HaCaT cells combined with pretreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NMMA was determined by enumerating the colony-forming units. NOS, ROS, and NO levels were quantified using fluorescent probes. The levels of the NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Micromorphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, fungal keratinase activity was assessed by measuring dye release from keratin azure. In vitro fungal viability, keratinase activity, and ADMA content decreased after HaCaT cell intervention, whereas the levels of ROS, NO, and NOS increased. The micromorphology was abnormal. Fungi pretreated with DPI and L-NMMA exhibited opposite effects. HaCaT cells inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of in vitro. A suggested mechanism is that ROS and NO play an important role in the inhibition of growth by HaCaT cells.
Topics: Arginine; Catecholamines; Cell Line; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Imidazolines; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; NADPH Oxidases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Peptide Hydrolases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Trichophyton; omega-N-Methylarginine
PubMed: 32104540
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8548619 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020(QM)-a member of the Fagaceae family-has been used as traditional medicine in Korea, China and Mongolia as a treatment for inflammation of oral, genital or anal mucosa...
(QM)-a member of the Fagaceae family-has been used as traditional medicine in Korea, China and Mongolia as a treatment for inflammation of oral, genital or anal mucosa and for external inflammation of skin. To treat acne vulgaris (AV), we evaluated the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) of QM leaf extract (QML) and its main compound, pedunculagin (PD) in vitro and 5α-reductase inhibitory activity by western blotting. As results, QML and PD showed potent NO production inhibitory activity compared with the positive control (PC), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). QML and PD was also showed the decreases of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with the PC, EGCG and exhibited potent 5α-reductase type 1 inhibitory activities compared with the PC, dutasteride.
Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase; Down-Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Medicine, Traditional; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Quercus; Tannins; omega-N-Methylarginine
PubMed: 32380665
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092154 -
Annals of Biomedical Engineering Apr 2020tDCS has been used to treat various brain disorders and its mechanism of action (MoA) was found to be neuronal polarization. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly...
tDCS has been used to treat various brain disorders and its mechanism of action (MoA) was found to be neuronal polarization. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the neuronal microenvironment, we hypothesized that another MoA of tDCS is direct vascular activation by modulating the BBB structures to increase its permeability (P). To test this hypothesis, we used high resolution multiphoton microscopy to determine P of the cerebral microvessels in rat brain. We found that 20 min 0.1-1 mA tDCS transiently increases P to a small solute, sodium fluorescein (MW 376) and to a large solute, Dextran-70k, with a much higher increase in P to the large solute. By pretreating the vessel with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, we revealed that the tDCS-induced increase in P is NO dependent. A transport model for the BBB was further employed to predict the structural changes by the tDCS. Comparing model predictions with the measured data suggests that tDCS increases P by temporarily disrupting the structural components forming the paracellular pathway of the BBB. That the transient and reversible increase in the BBB permeability also suggests new applications of tDCS such as a non-invasive approach for brain drug delivery through the BBB.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Dextrans; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Fluorescein; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Permeability; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; omega-N-Methylarginine
PubMed: 31916126
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02447-7