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Australian Journal of General Practice Jul 2022Ocular trauma may result in pathology of the ocular surface and adnexa, extraocular muscles, orbital walls, eye and optic nerve. Detailed history followed by a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ocular trauma may result in pathology of the ocular surface and adnexa, extraocular muscles, orbital walls, eye and optic nerve. Detailed history followed by a complete ocular and, if indicated, radiological examination is therefore a crucial part of any trauma assessment. It is important to determine whether a patient with ocular trauma can be reassured or requires immediate referral for further investigation and surgical repair.
OBJECTIVE
This review examines chemical eye injuries, orbital fractures, superficial corneal foreign bodies, closed globe injury and suspected open globe injury with or without intra-ocular foreign bodies. A structured approach to the history and examination is provided. The aim of this article is to enhance clinician confidence when encountering these patients.
DISCUSSION
Ocular trauma can lead to serious sight‑ and eye-threatening consequences. Accurate history-taking and astute observation are paramount for timely treatment or referral that may prevent blindness. This review discusses the management and referral pathways for common presentations of ocular trauma.
Topics: Eye; Eye Injuries; Foreign Bodies; Humans
PubMed: 35773155
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-03-21-5921 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Orbital Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35383443
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0586 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery Nov 2021Orbital fractures are common in facial trauma and can be a challenge to treat. Understanding anatomy of the orbit, the clinical evaluation, indications for surgery,... (Review)
Review
Orbital fractures are common in facial trauma and can be a challenge to treat. Understanding anatomy of the orbit, the clinical evaluation, indications for surgery, surgical approaches, complications, and postoperative are essential in providing appropriate treatment for patients who have sustained orbital fractures. In this article, the authors review the diagnostic evaluation, acute management, treatment options, and common complications of orbital fractures, as well as recent advancements in orbital fracture repairs.
PubMed: 34819809
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735815 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery Nov 2020Zygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) fractures are the second most common facial fractures after nasal bone fractures. The zygoma, with its location and multiple points of... (Review)
Review
Zygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) fractures are the second most common facial fractures after nasal bone fractures. The zygoma, with its location and multiple points of articulations, lends itself to both facial structure and esthetics. Secondary ZMC deformities are complications of inadequate primary correction, delayed repair, or lack of repair. Secondary revisions of ZMC aim to correct ZMC displacement and projection and to address orbital discrepancies. Extensive correction involving significant orbital and malar defects requires zygomatic repositioning osteotomies and would greatly benefit from the utilization of virtual surgical planning, intraoperative navigation, and imaging. Minor corrections in malar projection can be corrected by onlay grafting and soft tissue augmentation and resuspension. Isolated or minor orbital corrections can be managed by autogenous or alloplastic material to restore lost orbital volume and anatomy.
PubMed: 33380910
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721761 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery Nov 2021Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture is one of the most commonly treated facial fractures. Accurate reduction and stable fixation of the zygoma are required to restore... (Review)
Review
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture is one of the most commonly treated facial fractures. Accurate reduction and stable fixation of the zygoma are required to restore facial symmetry and projection and avoid functional sequalae from changes in orbital volume. Achieving optimal outcome is challenging due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy and limited visualization of all affected articulations of the zygoma. This article provides an updated overview of the evaluation and management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures based on available evidence and clinical experience at our center. The importance of soft tissue management is emphasized, and approaches to internal orbital reconstruction are discussed. While evidence remain limited, intraoperative imaging and navigation may prove to be useful adjuncts in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary fractures.
PubMed: 34819807
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735812