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Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2021The smile arc is an esthetic parameter that has been better investigated by Orthodontics after the "new esthetic paradigm". Its diagnostic evaluation and inclusion in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The smile arc is an esthetic parameter that has been better investigated by Orthodontics after the "new esthetic paradigm". Its diagnostic evaluation and inclusion in the objectives of orthodontic planning has become fundamental for professionals seeking for more beautiful and youthful natural esthetic outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
To review concepts related to the smile arc, analyze the determinants of its appearance, understanding how the possible variations can affect the esthetic perception of smile.
Topics: Beauty; Esthetics, Dental; Orthodontics; Smiling
PubMed: 34231836
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.3.e21spe3 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Sep 2023Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field with numerous biological applications and is becoming increasingly significant due to its immense potential to enhance the... (Review)
Review
Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field with numerous biological applications and is becoming increasingly significant due to its immense potential to enhance the properties of orthodontic and biomaterials. It is employed in various emerging areas of orthodontics, focusing on improving the performance of diverse orthodontic appliances and accessories, as well as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and nanorobots. Nevertheless, the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials in orthodontic applications require further investigation. This paper reviews the latest applications of nanomaterials in orthodontics, elucidates their unique features and synergistic applications in orthodontics, and outlines prospective developments in the field.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontics; Prospective Studies; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Dental Care
PubMed: 37732680
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4330821 -
Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024With increasing digitalization in orthodontics, certain orthodontic manufacturing processes such as the fabrication of indirect bonding trays, aligner production, or... (Review)
Review
With increasing digitalization in orthodontics, certain orthodontic manufacturing processes such as the fabrication of indirect bonding trays, aligner production, or wire bending can be automated. However, orthodontic treatment planning and evaluation remains a specialist's task and responsibility. As the prediction of growth in orthodontic patients and response to orthodontic treatment is inherently complex and individual, orthodontists make use of features gathered from longitudinal, multimodal, and standardized orthodontic data sets. Currently, these data sets are used by the orthodontist to make informed, rule-based treatment decisions. In research, artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully applied to assist orthodontists with the extraction of relevant data from such data sets. Here, AI has been applied for the analysis of clinical imagery, such as automated landmark detection in lateral cephalograms but also for evaluation of intraoral scans or photographic data. Furthermore, AI is applied to help orthodontists with decision support for treatment decisions such as the need for orthognathic surgery or for orthodontic tooth extractions. One major challenge in current AI research in orthodontics is the limited generalizability, as most studies use unicentric data with high risks of bias. Moreover, comparing AI across different studies and tasks is virtually impossible as both outcomes and outcome metrics vary widely, and underlying data sets are not standardized. Notably, only few AI applications in orthodontics have reached full clinical maturity and regulatory approval, and researchers in the field are tasked with tackling real-world evaluation and implementation of AI into the orthodontic workflow.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Orthodontics; Patient Care Planning; Cephalometry
PubMed: 38682436
DOI: 10.1177/00220345241235606 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2022To investigate stability and satisfaction in adult anterior open bite (AOB) patients at least 9 months post-treatment, as well as patient and practitioner factors that...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate stability and satisfaction in adult anterior open bite (AOB) patients at least 9 months post-treatment, as well as patient and practitioner factors that may be associated with stability and satisfaction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Practitioners and their adult AOB patients were recruited through the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Data on patient and practitioner characteristics, treatment recommendations and factors were previously collected. Treatment stability was determined by assessing post-treatment intraoral photographs. Patient satisfaction was determined from post-treatment questionnaires. Treatment was categorized into aligners, fixed appliances, temporary anchorage devices, and orthognathic surgery. Extractions were also investigated. Retention type was categorized into vacuum-formed, Hawley-style, or bonded retainers, and regimens were classified as full-time or part-time wear.
RESULTS
Retention data collected from 112 patients had a mean post-treatment time of 1.21 years. There were no statistically significant differences in stability between treatment groups. Depending on whether a qualitative index or a millimetric measure was employed, stability ranged from 65% to 89%. Extractions and less initial lower incisor proclination were associated with higher stability in patients treated with fixed appliances only. High satisfaction was reported by patients at retention. There were no clear differences in stability or satisfaction among retention types or regimens.
CONCLUSIONS
The stability of adult AOB orthodontic treatment was high, regardless of treatment or retainer modality. Satisfaction in adult AOB patients was high, regardless of retention type or regimen.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Incisor; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Orthodontic Retainers; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Vacuum
PubMed: 34587249
DOI: 10.2319/071221-549.1 -
British Dental Journal May 2020
Topics: Orthodontics, Corrective
PubMed: 32444716
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1690-8 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Oct 2022Orthodontists, surgeons, and patients have taken an interest in using clear aligners in combination with orthognathic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy...
INTRODUCTION
Orthodontists, surgeons, and patients have taken an interest in using clear aligners in combination with orthognathic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of tooth movements with clear aligners during presurgical orthodontics using novel 3-dimensional superimposition techniques.
METHODS
The study sample consisted of 20 patients who have completed presurgical orthodontics using Invisalign clear aligners. Initial (pretreatment) digital dental models, presurgical digital dental models, and ClinCheck prediction models were obtained. Presurgical models were superimposed onto initial ones using stable anatomic landmarks; ClinCheck models were superimposed onto presurgical models using surface best-fit superimposition. Five hundred forty-five teeth were measured for 3 angular movements (buccolingual torque, mesiodistal tip, and rotation) and 4 linear movements (buccolingual, mesiodistal, vertical, and total scalar displacement). The predicted tooth movement was compared with the achieved amount for each movement and tooth, using both percentage accuracy and numerical difference.
RESULTS
Average percentage accuracy (63.4% ± 11.5%) was higher than in previously reported literature. The most accurate tooth movements were buccal torque and mesial displacement compared with lingual torque and distal displacement, particularly for mandibular posterior teeth. Clinically significant inaccuracies were found for the buccal displacement of maxillary second molars, lingual displacement of all molars, intrusion of mandibular second molars, the distal tip of molars, second premolars, and mandibular first premolars, buccal torque of maxillary central and lateral incisors, and lingual torque of premolars and molars.
CONCLUSIONS
Superimposition techniques used in this study lay the groundwork for future studies to analyze advanced clear aligner patients. Invisalign is a treatment modality that can be considered for presurgical orthodontics-tooth movements involved in arch leveling and decompensation are highly accurate when comparing the simulated and the clinically achieved movements.
Topics: Bicuspid; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 36182208
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.019 -
Progress in Orthodontics Mar 2021This review synthesizes the available evidence about the predisposition of individuals with asthma or allergies to orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This review synthesizes the available evidence about the predisposition of individuals with asthma or allergies to orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and possible factors related to root resorption that were investigated in the included studies, such as the type of malocclusion, duration of orthodontic treatment, and tooth units.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Six electronic databases and partial gray literature were searched without date or language restrictions until September 2020. Prospective and retrospective observational cohort and case-control studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE tool. To complement the case-control studies, the odds ratio (OR) of the individuals with allergies/asthma to develop root resorption was calculated.
RESULTS
Six studies were included. One study with low RoB, one with moderate, and one with high RoB stated that allergic patients did not report a greater chance of developing OIIRR (OR = 1.17 to 2.10, p = 0.1 to 1), while only one study with low RoB reported that individuals with allergies tend to develop root resorption (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.08-5.37). Three studies with low RoB and one with moderate showed no significant association between asthma and OIIRR (OR = 1.05 to 3.42, p = 0.12 to 0.94). No association was identified between the type of malocclusion and the degree of OIIRR. Uniradicular dental units and a prolonged treatment time seem to be associated with an increased risk of resorption. The certainty of the evidence was considered low for both exposure factors.
CONCLUSION
Evidence with a low level of certainty indicates that individuals with allergies or asthma are not more predisposed to OIIRR. Uniradicular teeth and long-term orthodontic treatments are associated with a higher risk of OIIRR.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42020188463.
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Malocclusion; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Root Resorption; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 33718992
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00351-x -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2023This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salmon calcitonin administration as a pharmacological anchoring agent in orthodontics and to determine the influence of...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salmon calcitonin administration as a pharmacological anchoring agent in orthodontics and to determine the influence of locally applied calcitonin on serum calcium levels. The secondary aim was to observe the response of dental and periodontal tissues using light microscopy.
METHODS
Fourteen healthy male adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 250 g had their teeth moved, seven of which received a local injection of salmon calcitonin in the furcation region of the left upper first molar. Concurrently, the remaining seven were used as controls. In the control group, saline solution was injected in the bifurcation region of tooth 26 to subject these animals to the same stress level as those of the experimental group. After 14 days, a 6 mm diameter orthodontic elastic band was inserted between teeth 26 and 27 in all animals to induce the movement of these teeth. The rats were anaesthetised and exsanguinated on day 21. In both groups, tooth movement and serum calcium levels were measured. The jaws were dissected with straight scissors, and tissue blocks containing gingiva, bone and teeth were identified, fixed and demineralised. Then, the pieces were cut into semi-serial slices, stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Mallory's trichrome, and analysed under an Axiophot light microscope.
RESULTS
There was significantly less tooth movement in the experimental group (X̄; 0,150 mm ± 0,037) than in the control group (0,236 mm ± 0,044; P = 0,003), while there was no significant difference in serum calcium levels between the two groups (controlX̄; 9,53 mg/dl ± 1,53; experimental 10,81 mg/dl ± 1,47; P = 0,15).
CONCLUSION
While calcitonin did not completely inhibit osteoclast activity, it promoted orthodontic anchorage, apparently, by local action.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Calcitonin; Rats, Wistar; Orthodontics; Calcium; Periodontium; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 37417050
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_30_22 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Jul 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Canada; Coronavirus Infections; Emergencies; Humans; Orthodontics; Pandemics; Personal Protective Equipment; Pneumonia, Viral; Referral and Consultation; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32600749
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.006 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2020Due to the search for more aesthetic and comfortable alternatives to perform orthodontic treatments and to the great technological development, orthodontic aligners have...
INTRODUCTION
Due to the search for more aesthetic and comfortable alternatives to perform orthodontic treatments and to the great technological development, orthodontic aligners have assumed great importance. More and more complex treatments have been carried out with these appliances without, however, having all aspects involved in their use being studied in depth. Its biomechanical planning requires different approaches than those used in fixed orthodontics, as the force systems involved in movements, responses and side effects are distinct, and the professional must be prepared when opting for the technique.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article is to perform an evaluation of the force systems created on the space closure with aligners, its characteristics, and problems, as well as make some suggestions to overcome the difficulties inherent to its use.
CONCLUSION
Space closure with aligners is possible, but depends on the correct selection of the patient, in addition to requiring the proper planning of the applied forces. The use of auxiliary resources and overcorrections to address the deficiencies of the aligner systems should always be considered. Digital planning should be used as a map of the force systems that will be applied, and not just as a marketing tool, keeping in mind that determining the objectives and the way to achieve them is the responsibility of the orthodontist, and that treatment plans must be individualized for each situation, following appropriate biomechanical precepts.
Topics: Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Orthodontists; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32965392
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.085-100.sar