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PloS One 2022p16 (CDKN2A) is a member of the INK4 class of cell cycle inhibitors, which is often dysregulated in cancer. However, the prevalence of p16 expression in different cancer...
p16 (CDKN2A) is a member of the INK4 class of cell cycle inhibitors, which is often dysregulated in cancer. However, the prevalence of p16 expression in different cancer types is controversial. 15,783 samples from 124 different tumor types and 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. p16 was detectable in 5,292 (45.0%) of 11,759 interpretable tumors. Except from adenohypophysis in islets of Langerhans, p16 staining was largely absent in normal tissues. In cancer, highest positivity rates were observed in uterine cervix squamous cell carcinomas (94.4%), non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, pTaG2 (100%), Merkel cell carcinoma (97.7%), and small cell carcinomas of various sites of origin (54.5%-100%). All 124 tumor categories showed at least occasional p16 immunostaining. Comparison with clinico-pathological data in 128 vulvar, 149 endometrial, 295 serous ovarian, 396 pancreatic, 1365 colorectal, 284 gastric, and 1245 urinary bladder cancers, 910 breast carcinomas, 620 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, and 414 testicular germ cell tumors revealed only few statistically significant associations. Comparison of human papilloma virus (HPV) status and p16 in 497 squamous cell carcinomas of different organs revealed HPV in 80.4% of p16 positive and in 20.6% of p16 negative cancers (p<0.0001). It is concluded, that a positive and especially strong p16 immunostaining is a feature for malignancy which may be diagnostically useful in lipomatous, urothelial and possibly other tumors. The imperfect association between p16 immunostaining and HPV infection with high variability between different sites of origin challenges the use of p16 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate for HPV positivity, except in tumors of cervix uteri and the penis.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Staining and Labeling; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 35862385
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262877 -
PeerJ 2022The association between ) infection and malignancy has attracted increased attention in recent years, but little is known of infection among women diagnosed with a...
The association between ) infection and malignancy has attracted increased attention in recent years, but little is known of infection among women diagnosed with a gynecological tumor (GT) in China. We conducted a case-control study involving 460 women diagnosed with a GT and 460 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) to estimate the infection process of and understand the risk factors of infection in patients with a GT. Levels of anti- IgG and IgM were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays every 12 months. After a median follow-up time of 4.3 years (range 4 to 5 years), 55/460 (11.96%) patients with a GT and 15/460 (3.26%) HCs were seroprevalence for antibodies, respectively ( = 0.001). IgG antibodies against were found in 54 GT patients (11.74%) and 15 HCs (3.26%), respectively ( = 0.001). The seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was similar in patients with a GT and with HCs (2.83% 1.3%, = 0.105). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed contact with cats (OR, 6.67; 95% CI [2.89-10.75]; = 0.001), exposure to soil (OR, 2.16; 95% CI [1.14-4.10]; = 0.019), being a farm-worker (OR, 4.17; 95% CI [1.20-11.49]; = 0.006) and history of chemotherapy (OR, 3.16; 95% CI [1.56-6.45]; = 0.001) to be independent risk factors for infection. Women with an ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer had higher seroprevalence than that of HCs. Moreover, infection in patients with a GT mostly acquired within two years of diagnosis, but the infection in healthy controls had no obvious time characteristics. Here, we demonstrated that infection is significantly higher in patients with a GT (especially in women with an ovarian tumor) compared to HCs. Thus, infection with this parasite should be avoided in patients with a GT, and the causal relationship between and GTs should be studied in detail.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cats; Animals; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Case-Control Studies; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma; Antibodies, Protozoan; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Ovarian Neoplasms; China
PubMed: 36540800
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14569 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Ascites; Peritoneum; Tuberculosis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritonitis, Tuberculous
PubMed: 37344427
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2013-23 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019Viral and bacterial infections are detected in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. Since the fallopian tubes are often affected by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)...
Viral and bacterial infections are detected in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. Since the fallopian tubes are often affected by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the majority of serous EOCs appear to originate from dysplastic lesions in the distal tube, it is relevant to consider the potential role that infectious agents may play in ovarian carcinogenesis. We sought to analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in EOC tissue and fallopian tube specimens obtained at tumor resection. Ovarian cancer and fallopian tube tissue samples obtained from patients with EOC were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative PCR to detect and quantify viral DNA. The presence of CMV and HPV DNA was detected in 70% and 74% cancerous ovarian tissues, respectively, and was significantly higher in EOC than in benign tumor cases (P ≤ 0.01). CMV or HPV infection was observed also in the fallopian tube samples. Infection with HPV16 was determined in 70% of EOC cases. Almost two thirds of EOC patients demonstrated coinfection with CMV and HPV in the pathological samples. The results revealed that the presence of CMV and HPV in EOC samples is common. CMV and HPV infections can be potential risks for EOC development.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genotype; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 31882737
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56448-1 -
German Medical Science : GMS E-journal 2022Pyometra is a rare gynecological condition and is characterized by pus accumulation in the uterine cavity. It occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women than...
BACKGROUND
Pyometra is a rare gynecological condition and is characterized by pus accumulation in the uterine cavity. It occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women than tubo-ovarian abscesses, which constitute a more common gynecological complication among premenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE
A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department with lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever for the last three days. The laboratory results were indicative to sepsis. The clinical examination revealed sensitivity by palpation of the lower abdomen without any signs of acute abdomen. The gynecological assessment showed pus outflow through the cervix and a pus culture was done. The ultrasound examination found an enlarged uterus, full of hypoechoic fluid, unclear borders between endometrium-myometrium, a mixed echogenicity adnexal mass and no free fluid in the pouch of Douglas. A computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed the presence of pyometra and a tubo-ovarian abscess of the right adnexa.
METHOD
The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy. When the patient was hemodynamically stable and afebrile, she underwent ultrasound-guided dilatation and curettage of the cervical canal and the endometrium in order to exclude an underlying malignancy, under general anesthesia.
RESULTS
The patient responded promptly to the intravenous antibiotic therapy which was adapted to the pus culture result. The laboratory results withdrew to normal values and the patient was discharged after fifteen days of hospitalization in an afebrile and hemodynamically stable condition.
CONCLUSION
Pyometra and tubo-ovarian abscess in postmenopausal women could be a lethal complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. The key in treatment is the dilatation of the cervix and drainage of the pyometra. The administration of intravenous antibiotics and drainage through the cervix could be a suitable method of treatment for pyometra in older patients or those with poor performance status if only the histological examination is negative for malignancy.
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Abscess; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Oophoritis; Postmenopause; Pyometra; Salpingitis
PubMed: 35875245
DOI: 10.3205/000311 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Aug 2022Do inactivated coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines affect IVF outcomes among the vaccine recipients?
STUDY QUESTION
Do inactivated coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines affect IVF outcomes among the vaccine recipients?
SUMMARY ANSWER
The receipt of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before ovarian stimulation has little effect on the outcomes of IVF, including ovarian stimulation outcomes, embryo development and pregnancy rates.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Limited studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccines do not affect ovarian function, embryo development or pregnancy outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This was a retrospective cohort study performed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University on 240 women vaccinated with either CoronaVac or Sinopharm COVID-19 before ovarian stimulation in the exposed group and 1343 unvaccinated women before ovarian stimulation in the unexposed group. All participants received fresh embryo transfers between 1 March 2021 and 15 September 2021. The included women were followed up until 12 weeks of gestation.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Vaccination information of all subjects was followed up by a nurse, and the IVF data were obtained from the IVF data system. The following aspects were compared between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated groups: parameters of ovarian stimulation, embryo development and pregnancy rates. Regression analyses were performed to control for confounders of embryo development and pregnancy rates. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the baseline parameters of the two groups. The primary outcome was the ongoing pregnancy rate.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Liner regression analysis revealed that the number of oocytes retrieved (regression coefficient (B) = -0.299, P = 0.264), embryos suitable for transfer (B = -0.203, P = 0.127) and blastocysts (B = -0.250, P = 0.105) were not associated with the status of vaccination before ovarian stimulation, after adjusting for the confounders. The ongoing pregnancy rate in the women of the vaccinated group was not significantly lower than that in the unvaccinated group (36.3% vs 40.7%, P = 0.199) (adjust odd ratio = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.68-1.22, P = 0.52). After PSM, the rates of ongoing pregnancy (36.0% vs 39.9%, P = 0.272), implantation (35.4% vs 38.3%, P = 0.325), biochemical pregnancy (47.3% vs 51.6%, P = 0.232), clinical pregnancy (44.4% vs 47.4%, P = 0.398) and early miscarriage (15.0% vs 12.1%, P = 0.399) were not significantly different between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated groups.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This is a retrospective study of women with infertility. The results from the present study warrant confirmation by prospective studies with a larger cohort.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
This is the first study with a large sample size on the effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on ongoing pregnancy rates of women undergoing IVF. The present results showed that vaccination has no detrimental effect on IVF outcomes. Therefore, women are recommended to receive COVID-19 vaccines before undergoing their IVF treatment.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFC1003803 to J.L.), the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 202102010076 to H.L.) and the Medical Key Discipline of Guangzhou (2021-2023), as well as the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion Rapid Response Funding Call for Bilateral Collaborative Proposals between China and Germany in COVID-19 Related Research (No. C-0032 to Xingfei Pan). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Vaccination
PubMed: 35876815
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac160 -
Biosensors Jun 2022Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a biomarker of inflammation, the advanced stage of COVID-19, and several cancers, including ovarian cancer. Two biosensors for the determination...
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a biomarker of inflammation, the advanced stage of COVID-19, and several cancers, including ovarian cancer. Two biosensors for the determination of IL-6 in blood plasma by array SPRi have been developed. One of these biosensors consists of the mouse monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody as the receptor immobilized via the cysteamine linker. The second contains galiellalactone as the receptor, being an inhibitor specific for IL-6, immobilized via octadecanethiol (ODM) as the linker. Both biosensors are specific for IL-6. The biosensor with the antibody as the receptor gives a linear analytical response between 3 (LOQ) and 20 pg mL and has a precision between 8% and 9.8% and recovery between 97% and 107%, depending on the IL-6 concentration. The biosensor with galiellalactone as the receptor gives a linear analytical response between 1.1 (LOQ) and 20 pg mL, and has a precision between 3.5% and 9.3% and recovery between 101% and 105%, depending on IL-6 concentration. Both biosensors were validated. Changes in IL-6 concentration in blood plasma before and after resection of ovarian tumor and endometrial cyst, as determined by the two developed biosensors, are given as an example of a real clinical application.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Mice; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plasma
PubMed: 35735559
DOI: 10.3390/bios12060412 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV16/18), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV16/18), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and the occurrence of ovarian cancer in 48 women, of whom 36 underwent surgery and chemotherapy (group A), 12 in whom surgery was sufficient (group B), and 60 with endometroid endometrial cancer stage G1-G3 (group C), compared to patients in whom the uterus and its appendages were removed for nononcological reasons (control group). The detection of HPV, EBV, and HCMV in tumor tissue and normal tissue was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. A statistically significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer was noted in patients infected only with HCMV (OR > 1; < 0.05). In contrast, a significantly higher risk of ovarian cancer in group A was associated with HPV16, HPV18, and EBV (OR > 1; < 0.05); a significantly higher risk of ovarian cancer in group B was associated with HPV18 and HMCV (OR > 1; < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that HCMV infection is associated with the development of a stage of ovarian cancer when treatment can be completed with surgery alone. Meanwhile, EBV appears to be responsible for the development of ovarian cancer in more advanced stages.
PubMed: 36986319
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030397 -
Cancers Nov 2020Traditional cancer treatments may lose efficacy following the emergence of novel mutations or the development of chemoradiotherapy resistance. Late diagnosis, high-cost... (Review)
Review
Traditional cancer treatments may lose efficacy following the emergence of novel mutations or the development of chemoradiotherapy resistance. Late diagnosis, high-cost of treatment, and the requirement of highly efficient infrastructure to dispense cancer therapies hinder the availability of adequate treatment in low-income and resource-limited settings. Repositioning approved drugs as cancer therapeutics may reduce the cost and timeline for novel drug development and expedite the availability of newer, efficacious options for patients in need. Nelfinavir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor that has been approved and is extensively used as an anti-infective agent to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Yet nelfinavir has also shown anti-cancer effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. The anti-cancer mechanism of nelfinavir includes modulation of different cellular conditions, such as unfolded protein response, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, the proteasome pathway, oxidative stress, the tumor microenvironment, and multidrug efflux pumps. Multiple clinical trials indicated tolerable and reversible toxicities during nelfinavir treatment in cancer patients, either as a monotherapy or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy. Since orally available nelfinavir has been a safe drug of choice for both adult and pediatric HIV-infected patients for over two decades, exploiting its anti-cancer off-target effects will enable fast-tracking this newer option into the existing repertoire of cancer chemotherapeutics.
PubMed: 33228205
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113437 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Sep 2023BACKGROUND Important legal and ethical issues must be addressed in the practice of uterus transplantation, because it is a non-life-saving intervention. In all cases...
BACKGROUND Important legal and ethical issues must be addressed in the practice of uterus transplantation, because it is a non-life-saving intervention. In all cases reported in the literature so far, uterus transplantation is preceded by oocyte retrieval, fertilization of the collected oocytes, and subsequent freezing of the embryos produced. This element should be considered because of the potential ethical, legal, and moral implications related to the existence and fate of supernumerary embryos in the event of transplantation failure. CASE REPORT The Italian Research Project for Uterus Transplantation from a brain-dead donor was approved in 2018 (No. 1438/CNT2018). A 28-year-old patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, ectopic ovaries, and good ovarian reserve received uterus transplantation in 2020 after oocyte retrieval with laparoscopic assistance. Metaphase oocytes were cryopreserved and thawed after the successful transplantation to perform in vitro fertilization followed by embryo transfer. The pregnancy course was regular, without symptoms until week 30, when PCR positivity for SARS-CoV-2 was recorded. The patient underwent an emergency cesarean delivery at 34 weeks' gestation because of fever and the appearance of regular uterine contractions. An infant was born alive and vital at 34 weeks of pregnancy and weighed 1725 g. The newborn was discharged in good condition and with a body weight of 2740 g. CONCLUSIONS This case report shows that cryopreservation of oocytes can overcome the ethical issue related to embryo retrieval before a successful uterus transplantation can be demonstrated. Our result supports the possibility of bypassing embryo freezing before ascertaining the success of uterus transplantation.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adult; Live Birth; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Uterus; Cryopreservation; Oocytes
PubMed: 37771137
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.940960