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International Journal of Gynaecology... Oct 2021In 2014, FIGO's Committee for Gynecologic Oncology revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same... (Review)
Review
In 2014, FIGO's Committee for Gynecologic Oncology revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same system. Most of these malignancies are high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). Stage IC is now divided into three categories: IC1 (surgical spill); IC2 (capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface); and IC3 (malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings). The updated staging includes a revision of Stage IIIC based on spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes alone without intraperitoneal dissemination. This category is now subdivided into IIIA1(i) (metastasis ≤10 mm in greatest dimension), and IIIA1(ii) (metastasis >10 mm in greatest dimension). Stage IIIA2 is now "microscopic extrapelvic peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph node" metastasis. This review summarizes the genetics, surgical management, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies for epithelial cancers, and the treatment of ovarian germ cell and stromal malignancies.
Topics: Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Prognosis
PubMed: 34669199
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13878 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Aug 2022During folliculogenesis, different proinflammatory cytokines have a physiological role in the weakening of the follicle wall and an eventual rupture at ovulation.... (Review)
Review
During folliculogenesis, different proinflammatory cytokines have a physiological role in the weakening of the follicle wall and an eventual rupture at ovulation. Chronic inflammation is closely related to endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that the long-term metabolic effects and cardiovascular complications observed in this syndrome may be related to the presence of a mild chronic inflammatory state. It is unclear whether androgen excess promotes an inflammatory state or, conversely, whether inflammatory molecules stimulate androgen production. Early detection of risk factors will help in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, since the metabolic alterations associated with this syndrome can predispose to worse cardiovascular health outcomes.
Topics: Androgens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Ovarian Follicle; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 36049035
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Nov 2022Ovarian pregnancy is a rare uncommon presentation of an ectopic pregnancy. Without any known risk factors, ovarian pregnancy seems to appear at random. A 29-year-old...
Ovarian pregnancy is a rare uncommon presentation of an ectopic pregnancy. Without any known risk factors, ovarian pregnancy seems to appear at random. A 29-year-old female patient with previous two cesarean deliveries visited the gynecology emergency department with the complaint of constant dull aching pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by postural changes. Per vaginal examination, cervical motion tenderness was present. The patient was admitted, and her transvaginal sonography was done along with a urine pregnancy kit test for the suspicion of ectopic gestation. After the initial treatment and arrangement of two units of packed red blood cells after proper grouping and cross-matching for the patient, laparotomy was done. At the time of surgery, left-sided ruptured ovarian pregnancy was confirmed by the Spiegelberg criteria.
PubMed: 36514605
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31316