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BMC Women's Health Jun 2023Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct entity from epithelial ovarian cancer. The prognosis of advanced and recurrent disease is very poor due to resistance...
OBJECTIVE
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct entity from epithelial ovarian cancer. The prognosis of advanced and recurrent disease is very poor due to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Our aim was to explore the molecular alterations among OCCC patients with different chemotherapeutic responses and to obtain insights into potential biomarkers.
METHODS
Twenty-four OCCC patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the relapse time after the first-line platinum-based chemotherapy: the platinum-sensitive group (PS) and the platinum-resistant group (PR). Gene expression profiling was performed using NanoString nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel.
RESULTS
Gene expression analysis comparing PR vs. PS identified 32 differentially expressed genes: 17 upregulated genes and 15 downregulated genes. Most of these genes are involved in the PI3K, MAPK and Cell Cycle-Apoptosis pathways. In particular, eight genes are involved in two or all three pathways.
CONCLUSION
The dysregulated genes in the PI3K, MAPK, and Cell Cycle-Apoptosis pathways identified and postulated mechanisms could help to probe biomarkers of OCCC platinum sensitivity, providing a research basis for further exploration of targeted therapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Biomarkers; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
PubMed: 37270486
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02420-1 -
Reproductive Health Jul 2021The most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and/or ultrasound evidence of small ovarian cysts. Obesity and insulin resistance are also the main factors influencing the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most typical progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, and recent studies suggest a relationship between endocrinal dysregulation and neuronal loss during AD pathology.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the common risk factors for Alzheimer's and PCOS based on previous studies. Knowing the common risk factors and eliminating them may prevent neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease in the future.
METHOD
In this narrative review, international databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and the Web of Science, were searched to retrieve the relevant studies. The relevant studies' summaries were categorized to discuss the possible pathways that may explain the association between Alzheimer's and PCOS signs/symptoms and complications.
RESULTS
According to our research, the factors involved in Alzheimer's and PCOS disorders may share some common risk factors. In patients with PCOS, increased LH to FSH ratio, decreased vitamin D, insulin resistance, and obesity are some of the most important factors that may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anovulation; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34311759
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01203-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with infertility and metabolic disorders in reproductive-aged women. In this study, we evaluated the...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with infertility and metabolic disorders in reproductive-aged women. In this study, we evaluated the expression of eight genes related to endometrial function and their DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of PCOS patients and women without the disease (control group). In addition, eight of the PCOS patients underwent intervention with metformin (1500 mg/day) and a carbohydrate-controlled diet (type and quantity) for three months. Clinical and metabolic parameters were determined, and RT-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR were used to evaluate gene expression and DNA methylation levels, respectively. Decreased expression levels of , , and genes and increased DNA methylation levels of the promoter were found in the endometrium of PCOS patients compared to controls. After metformin and nutritional intervention, some metabolic and clinical variables improved in PCOS patients. This intervention was associated with increased expression of , , and genes and reduced DNA methylation levels of the promoter in the endometrium of PCOS women. Our preliminary findings suggest that metformin and a carbohydrate-controlled diet improve endometrial function in PCOS patients, partly by modulating DNA methylation of the gene promoter and the expression of genes implicated in endometrial receptivity and insulin signaling.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; DNA Methylation; Endometrium; Gene Expression; Diet
PubMed: 37047828
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076857 -
Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi = Chinese... Jul 2022Mucin16 (MUC16), also known as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), is a glycoprotein antigen that can be recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC125 detected from... (Review)
Review
Mucin16 (MUC16), also known as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), is a glycoprotein antigen that can be recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC125 detected from epithelial ovarian carcinoma antigen by Bast et al in 1981. CA125 is not present in normal ovarian tissue but is usually elevated in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. CA125 is the most commonly used serologic biomarker for the diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. MUC16 is highly expressed in varieties of tumors. MUC16 can interact with galectin-1/3, mesothelin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins-9 (Siglec-9), and other ligands. MUC16 plays an important role in tumor genesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor immunity through various signaling pathways. Besides, therapies targeting MUC16 have some significant achievements. Related preclinical studies and clinical trials are in progress. MUC16 may be a potential novel target for tumor therapy. This article will review the mechanism of MUC16 in tumor genesis and progression, and focus on the research actuality of MUC16 in tumor therapy. This article also provides references for subsequent tumor therapy studies targeting MUC16. .
Topics: CA-125 Antigen; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Membrane Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 35899441
DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.31 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare tumor and may transform into ovarian strumal carcinoid (OSC) and/or malignant struma ovarii (MSO), but the incidence, clinical...
BACKGROUND
Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare tumor and may transform into ovarian strumal carcinoid (OSC) and/or malignant struma ovarii (MSO), but the incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes have not been well defined.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with ovarian strumal diseases treated in the our hospital between 1980 and 2022. Subgroup analyses of SO, OSC, and MSO were subsequently performed.
RESULTS
A total of 275 cases (2.14%) were identified in a cohort of 12,864 patients with ovarian teratomas, where SO, OSC, and MSO accounted for 83.3%, 12.0%, and 4.7% of cases, respectively. There were no significant differences in age, tumor sizes, elevated tumor markers, and ascites among the three subgroups. At initial treatment, all patients with SO or OSC had FIGO stage I disease except one SO patient presenting metastatic disease, ten patients had MSO confined to the ovary, whereas other three patients had metastatic diseases. Two patients with SO respectively relapsed at peritoneum and anterior mesorectum, while none of the OSC patients presented tumor recurrence or death despite different surgical procedures employed. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 88.9%, and only one death occurred at 9.5 years after diagnosis in patients with MSO. Radioiodine therapy showed satisfactory therapeutic efficacy, but these patients showed poor responses to the chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
2.14% of ovarian teratoma could be classified as SO, of which 12.0% and 4.7% of SO may transform into OSC and MSO, repsectively. The survival outcomes were excellent even after SO transformed into OSC or MSO.
SYNOPSIS
SO occupied 2.14% of ovarian teratoma, where 12.0% and 4.7% of SO may transform into OSC and MSO, respectively, and had excellent survival outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Struma Ovarii; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoid Tumor; Incidence; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Teratoma
PubMed: 37726744
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02624-5 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Mar 2021Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic disorder with many genetic loci contributing small risk. Large genome-wide association studies identified 21... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic disorder with many genetic loci contributing small risk. Large genome-wide association studies identified 21 genetic risk loci for PCOS in European and Han Chinese women. The genetic architecture is similar across PCOS diagnostic categories. The next wave of analysis will incorporate large genotyped datasets linked to medical records, increasing numbers and ethnic subsets. The resulting genetic risk loci can then be used to create robust genetic risk scores enhanced with clinical information, environment and lifestyle data for a precision medicine approach to PCOS diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 33518187
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.10.006 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Jan 2023Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients are predisposed to metabolic disturbances, including in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and metabolic disorders... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients are predisposed to metabolic disturbances, including in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and metabolic disorders appear to be a prerequisite of the typical long-term complications of POI, such as cardiovascular diseases or osteoporosis. However, the metabolic changes underlying the development of POI and its subsequent complications are incompletely understood, and there are few studies characterizing the disturbed metabolome in POI patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the plasma metabolome in POI by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics and to evaluate whether these disturbances identified in the plasma metabolome relate to ovarian reserve and have diagnostic value in POI.
METHODS
This observational study recruited 30 POI patients and 30 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls in the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from January 2018 to October 2020. Fasting venous blood was collected at 9:00 am on days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle and centrifuged for analysis. An untargeted quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed using UHPLC-MS/MS.
RESULTS
Our study identified 48 upregulated and 21 downregulated positive metabolites, and 13 upregulated and 48 downregulated negative metabolites in the plasma of POI patients. The differentially regulated metabolites were involved in pathways such as caffeine metabolism and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Six metabolites with an AUC value > 0.8, including arachidonoyl amide, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid, dihexyl nonanedioate, 18-HETE, cystine, and PG (16:0/18:1), were correlated with ovarian reserve and thus have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers of POI.
CONCLUSION
This UHPLC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics study revealed differentially expressed metabolites in the plasma of patients with POI. The differential metabolites may not only be involved in the aetiology of POI but also contribute to its major complications. These findings offer a panoramic view of the plasma metabolite changes caused by POI, which may provide useful diagnostic and therapeutic clues for POI disease.
Topics: Female; Humans; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Menopause, Premature; Metabolome; Menstrual Cycle; Metabolomics
PubMed: 36600288
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01085-y -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Ovarian reserve is an important factor determining female reproductive potential. The number and quality of oocytes in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) are...
BACKGROUND
Ovarian reserve is an important factor determining female reproductive potential. The number and quality of oocytes in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) are reduced, and even if fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is used to assist their pregnancy, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate are still low. Infertility caused by reduced ovarian reserve is still one of the most difficult clinical problems in the field of reproduction. Follicular fluid is the microenvironment for oocyte survival, and the metabolic characteristics of follicular fluid can be obtained by metabolomics technology. By analyzing the metabolic status of follicular fluid, we hope to find the metabolic factors that affect the quality of oocytes and find new diagnostic markers to provide clues for early detection and intervention of patients with DOR.
METHODS
In this research, 26 infertile women with DOR and 28 volunteers with normal ovarian reserve receiving IVF/ET were recruited, and their follicular fluid samples were collected for a nontargeted metabonomic study. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model was used to understand the separation trend of the two groups, KEGG was used to analyze the possible metabolic pathways involved in differential metabolites, and the random forest algorithm was used to establish the diagnostic model.
RESULTS
12 upregulated and 32 downregulated differential metabolites were detected by metabolic analysis, mainly including amino acids, indoles, nucleosides, organic acids, steroids, phospholipids, fatty acyls, and organic oxygen compounds. Through KEGG analysis, these metabolites were mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and purine metabolism. The AUC value of the diagnostic model based on the top 10 metabolites was 0.9936.
CONCLUSION
The follicular fluid of patients with DOR shows unique metabolic characteristics. These data can provide us with rich biochemical information and a research basis for exploring the pathogenesis of DOR and predicting ovarian reserve function.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Follicular Fluid; Fertilization in Vitro; Infertility, Female; Ovarian Reserve; Pregnancy Rate; Ovarian Diseases
PubMed: 36923223
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132621 -
Maturitas Apr 2024Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the decline of ovarian function before the age of 40. POI causes a reduction in or loss of female fertility, accompanied...
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the decline of ovarian function before the age of 40. POI causes a reduction in or loss of female fertility, accompanied by different degrees of menopausal symptoms, which increases the risk of chronic diseases related to early menopause and seriously affects patients' quality of life and health. It is conservatively estimated that at least one million prepubertal girls and women of reproductive age in China are at risk of iatrogenic POI caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy every year. With the development of medical technology and the breakthrough of scientific and technological advances, preventing and treating iatrogenic POI have become possible. International and national guidelines consider cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation to be the most promising method of preserving the ovarian function and fertility of prepubertal girls and women of reproductive age who cannot delay radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In order to guide the clinical application of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation technology in China, the Guideline Working Group finally included 14 scientific questions and 18 recommendations through a questionnaire survey, field investigation, and consultation of a large number of Chinese and English literature databases in order to provide a reference for colleagues in clinical practice.
Topics: Female; Humans; Fertility Preservation; Quality of Life; Cryopreservation; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Menopause, Premature; Iatrogenic Disease
PubMed: 38325136
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107922 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023oocyte maturation (IVM) has been used worldwide. Despite the long-term implementation, the uptake of this procedure to complement current fertilization (IVF) remains... (Review)
Review
oocyte maturation (IVM) has been used worldwide. Despite the long-term implementation, the uptake of this procedure to complement current fertilization (IVF) remains low. The main reason is likely due to the non-synchronization of protocol and definition criteria, leading to difficulty in collective proper outcome data worldwide and, thus, lack of understanding of the exact IVM procedure. The review aims to consolidate the current clinical practice of IVM by dissecting relevant publications to be tailored for a current spectrum of clinical practice. Nevertheless, the background theories of oocyte maturation were also explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of the basis of IVM theories. Additional discussion of other potential uses of IVM in the future, such as in ovarian tissue cryopreservation known as OTO-IVM for fertility preservation and among women with diminished ovarian reserve, was also explored. Otherwise, future collaboration among all IVM centers is paramount for better collection of clinical data to provide valid recommendations for IVM in clinical practice, especially in molecular integrity and possible DNA alteration if present for IVM offspring outcome safety purposes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; Fertility Preservation; Cryopreservation; Ovarian Diseases
PubMed: 37455921
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192180