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Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and... Oct 2019
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Dogs; Humans; Ownership; Walking
PubMed: 31592727
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005887 -
Public Health Nutrition Aug 2021To determine the association between livestock ownership and Hb concentration of women of child-bearing age (WCBA) and preschool-aged children in Sub-Saharan Africa...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between livestock ownership and Hb concentration of women of child-bearing age (WCBA) and preschool-aged children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
DESIGN
A prospective analysis of publicly available cross-sectional data, using linear and logistic regressions controlling for potential confounders.
SETTING
Twenty-eight countries in SSA.
PARTICIPANTS
162 305 WCBA and 118 607 children aged 6-59 months.
RESULTS
More than half of WCBA (62·5 %) and children (58 %) belonged to households that owned livestock. The average altitude-adjusted blood Hb concentration for WCBA and children was 12.23 and 10·24 g/dL, respectively. In adjusted models, higher number of livestock owned was associated with lower Hb concentration for children but not for WCBA. The magnitude of the association for children was small, with one additional unit of livestock owned reducing Hb concentration by 0·001 g/dL. Higher numbers of cattle, cows and bulls, sheep, and goats were associated with lower Hb concentration for both groups. The number of certain categories of livestock owned was associated with the consumption of relevant foods by children. There was no association between the consumption of animal-source foods and Hb concentration or between livestock ownership and diarrhoeal diseases or fever among children.
CONCLUSIONS
Livestock ownership in SSA had a net negative association with the Hb concentration of children and no association with that of WCBA. The results highlight the need for research aimed at clarifying the mechanisms linking livestock ownership and nutritional status, and identifying entry points for leveraging livestock ownership to improve the health of women and children in SSA.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Anemia; Animals; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Livestock; Male; Ownership; Sheep
PubMed: 32830627
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020002827 -
BMC Medical Ethics Oct 2022The ownership status of individual-level health data affects the manner in which it is used. In this paper we analyze two competing models of the ownership status of the...
BACKGROUND
The ownership status of individual-level health data affects the manner in which it is used. In this paper we analyze two competing models of the ownership status of the data discussed in the literature recently: private ownership and public ownership.
MAIN BODY
In this paper we describe the limitations of these two models of data ownership with respect to individual-level health data, in particular in terms of ethical principles of justice and autonomy, risk mitigation, as well as technological, economic, and conceptual issues. We argue that undifferentiated application of neither private ownership nor public ownership will allow us to resolve all the problems associated with effective, equitable, and ethical use of data. We suggest that, instead of focusing on data ownership, we should focus on the institutional and procedural aspects of data governance, such as using Data Access Committees (DACs) or equivalent managed access processes, which can balance the elements of these two ownership frameworks.
CONCLUSION
Undifferentiated application of the ownership concept (private or public) is not helpful in resolving problems associated with sharing individual-level health data. DACs or equivalent managed access processes should be an integral part of data governance. They can approve or disapprove data access requests after considering the potential benefits and harms to data subjects, their communities, primary researchers, and the wider society.
Topics: Humans; Ownership; Information Dissemination; Research Personnel; Moral Obligations; Social Justice
PubMed: 36309719
DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00848-y -
American Journal of Public Health Oct 2021To examine associations of current mental and substance use disorders with self-reported gun ownership and carrying among recently separated US Army soldiers. Veterans...
To examine associations of current mental and substance use disorders with self-reported gun ownership and carrying among recently separated US Army soldiers. Veterans have high rates of both gun ownership and mental disorders, the conjunction of which might contribute to the high suicide rate in this group. Cross-sectional survey data were collected in 2018-2019 from 5682 recently separated personnel who took part in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers. Validated measures assessed recent mood, anxiety, substance use, and externalizing disorders. Logistic regression models examined associations of sociodemographic characteristics, service characteristics, and mental disorders with gun ownership and carrying. Of the participants, 50% reported gun ownership. About half of owners reported carrying some or most of the time. Mental disorders were not associated significantly with gun ownership. However, among gun owners, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and intermittent explosive disorder were associated with significantly elevated odds of carrying at least some of the time. Mental disorders are not associated with gun ownership among recently separated Army personnel, but some mental disorders are associated with carrying among gun owners. (. 2021;111(10):1855-1864. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306420).
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Firearms; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Military Personnel; Ownership; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 34623878
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306420 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Free-roaming dogs can present significant challenges to public health, wildlife conservation, and livestock production. Free-roaming dogs may also experience poor health...
Free-roaming dogs can present significant challenges to public health, wildlife conservation, and livestock production. Free-roaming dogs may also experience poor health and welfare. Dog population management is widely conducted to mitigate these issues. To ensure efficient use of resources, it is critical that effective, cost-efficient, and high-welfare strategies are identified. The dog population comprises distinct subpopulations characterised by their restriction status and level of ownership, but the assessment of dog population management often fails to consider the impact of the interaction between subpopulations on management success. We present a system dynamics model that incorporates an interactive and dynamic system of dog subpopulations. Methods incorporating both fertility control and responsible ownership interventions (leading to a reduction in abandonment and roaming of owned dogs, and an increase in shelter adoptions) have the greatest potential to reduce free-roaming dog population sizes over longer periods of time, whilst being cost-effective and improving overall welfare. We suggest that future management should be applied at high levels of coverage and should target all sources of population increase, such as abandonment, births, and owners of free-roaming dogs, to ensure effective and cost-efficient reduction in free-roaming dog numbers.
Topics: Adoption; Animals; Animals, Wild; Contraception; Dogs; Ownership; Population Density
PubMed: 35794142
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15049-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2020In recent years, more and more health data are being generated. These data come not only from professional health systems, but also from wearable devices. All these 'big... (Review)
Review
In recent years, more and more health data are being generated. These data come not only from professional health systems, but also from wearable devices. All these 'big data' put together can be utilized to optimize treatments for each unique patient ('precision medicine'). For this to be possible, it is necessary that hospitals, academia and industry work together to bridge the 'valley of death' of translational medicine. However, hospitals and academia often are reluctant to share their data with other parties, even though the patient is actually the owner of his/her own health data. Academic hospitals usually invest a lot of time in setting up clinical trials and collecting data, and want to be the first ones to publish papers on this data. There are some publicly available datasets, but these are usually only shared after study (and publication) completion, which means a severe delay of months or even years before others can analyse the data. One solution is to incentivize the hospitals to share their data with (other) academic institutes and the industry. Here, we show an analysis of the current literature around data sharing, and we discuss five aspects of data sharing in the medical domain: publisher requirements, data ownership, growing support for data sharing, data sharing initiatives and how the use of federated data might be a solution. We also discuss some potential future developments around data sharing, such as medical crowdsourcing and data generalists.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Information Dissemination; Male; Ownership; Publishing
PubMed: 32349396
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093046 -
Journal of Medical Ethics May 2020The concept of 'ownership' is increasingly central to debates, in the media, health policy and bioethics, about the appropriate management of clinical data. I argue that...
The concept of 'ownership' is increasingly central to debates, in the media, health policy and bioethics, about the appropriate management of clinical data. I argue that the language of ownership acts as a metaphor and reflects multiple concerns about current data use and the disenfranchisement of citizens and collectives in the existing data ecosystem. But exactly which core interests and concerns ownership claims allude to remains opaque. Too often, we jump straight from 'ownership' to 'private property' and conclude 'the data belongs to the patient'. I will argue here that private property is only one type of relevant relationship between people, communities and data. There are several reasons to doubt that conceptualising data as private property presents a compelling response to concerns about clinical data ownership. In particular I argue that clinical data are co-constructed, so a property account would fail to confer exclusive rights to the patient. A non-property account of ownership acknowledges that the data are 'about the patient', and therefore the patient has relevant interests, without jumping to the conclusion that the data 'belongs to the patient'. On this broader account of ownership, the relevant harm is the severing of the connection between the patient and their data, and the solution is to re-engage and re-connect patients to the data research enterprise.
Topics: Bioethics; Ecosystem; Humans; Ownership
PubMed: 31911499
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2018-105340 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Mar 2023Body ownership and the sense of agency are two central aspects of bodily self-consciousness. While multiple neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates...
Body ownership and the sense of agency are two central aspects of bodily self-consciousness. While multiple neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of body ownership and agency separately, few studies have investigated the relationship between these two aspects during voluntary movement when such experiences naturally combine. By eliciting the moving rubber hand illusion with active or passive finger movements during functional magnetic resonance imaging, we isolated activations reflecting the sense of body ownership and agency, respectively, as well as their interaction, and assessed their overlap and anatomic segregation. We found that perceived hand ownership was associated with activity in premotor, posterior parietal, and cerebellar regions, whereas the sense of agency over the movements of the hand was related to activity in the dorsal premotor cortex and superior temporal cortex. Moreover, one section of the dorsal premotor cortex showed overlapping activity for ownership and agency, and somatosensory cortical activity reflected the interaction of ownership and agency with higher activity when both agency and ownership were experienced. We further found that activations previously attributed to agency in the left insular cortex and right temporoparietal junction reflected the synchrony or asynchrony of visuoproprioceptive stimuli rather than agency. Collectively, these results reveal the neural bases of agency and ownership during voluntary movement. Although the neural representations of these two experiences are largely distinct, there are interactions and functional neuroanatomical overlap during their combination, which has bearing on theories on bodily self-consciousness. How does the brain generate the sense of being in control of bodily movement (agency) and the sense that body parts belong to one's body (body ownership)? Using fMRI and a bodily illusion triggered by movement, we found that agency is associated with activity in premotor cortex and temporal cortex, and body ownership with activity in premotor, posterior parietal, and cerebellar regions. The activations reflecting the two sensations were largely distinct, but there was overlap in premotor cortex and an interaction in somatosensory cortex. These findings advance our understanding of the neural bases of and interplay between agency and body ownership during voluntary movement, which has implications for the development of advanced controllable prosthetic limbs that feel like real limbs.
Topics: Humans; Body Image; Illusions; Ownership; Brain; Temporal Lobe; Hand; Movement; Visual Perception; Proprioception; Touch Perception
PubMed: 36801824
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1492-22.2023 -
PeerJ 2023The modern lifestyle trend of pet ownership is undoubtedly beneficial for both physical and mental health. Research has shown a connection between pet ownership and...
BACKGROUND
The modern lifestyle trend of pet ownership is undoubtedly beneficial for both physical and mental health. Research has shown a connection between pet ownership and staff self-compassion. However, there has not been any evidence linking pet ownership to self-compassion in the nurse population.
AIMS
To investigate the current status of pet ownership among nurses and explore the influence of pet ownership on self-compassion among nurses.
METHODS
An online survey was conducted in July 2022 with 1,308 nurses in China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and a self-compassion scale. To compare categorical variables, the independent test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
We found that 16.9% of nurses owned at least one pet, and dogs and cats were the primary pets. The test for independent samples showed that pet owners and non-pet owners scored differently on self-compassion ( = 3.286, = 0.001), self-kindness ( = 3.378, = 0.001), common humanity ( = 2.419, = 0.016), and mindfulness ( = 2.246, = 0.025). One-way ANOVA revealed that the highest degree was an influencing factor of self-compassion ( = 1.386, = 0.019). Multiple linear regression showed that average monthly income, pet ownership, and highest degree were the factors that influenced self-compassion most significantly ( = 8.335, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The results revealed that nurses actually own pets as part of their modern lifestyle, which provides them with social support and potentially enhances their self-compassion. More efforts should be focused on the impact of pet ownership on nurses' physical and mental health, and pet-based interventions should also be developed.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Self-Compassion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Ownership
PubMed: 37159831
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15288 -
BMJ Global Health May 2020Mobile phones have the potential to increase access to health information, improve patient-provider communication, and influence the content and quality of health... (Review)
Review
Mobile phones have the potential to increase access to health information, improve patient-provider communication, and influence the content and quality of health services received. Evidence on the gender gap in ownership of mobile phones is limited, and efforts to link phone ownership among women to care-seeking and practices for reproductive maternal newborn and child health (RMNCH) have yet to be made. This analysis aims to assess household and women's access to phones and its effects on RMNCH health outcomes in 15 countries for which Demographic and Health Surveys data on phone ownership are available. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with women's phone ownership, along with the association of phone ownership to a wide range of RMNCH indicators. Study findings suggest that (1) gender gaps in mobile phone ownership vary, but they can be substantial, with less than half of women owning mobile phones in several countries; (2) the gender gap in phone ownership is larger for rural and poorer women; (3) women's phone ownership is generally associated with better RMNCH indicators; (4) among women phone owners, utilisation of RMNCH care-seeking and practices differs based on their income status; and (5) more could be done to unleash the potential of mobile phones on women's health if data gaps and varied metrics are addressed. Findings reinforce the notion that without addressing the gender gap in phone ownership, digital health programmes may be at risk of worsening existing health inequities.
Topics: Cell Phone; Child; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ownership; Rural Population; Telephone
PubMed: 32424014
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002524