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Nutrients Jun 2023Diet can be a helpful tool to enhance the quality of urine and lower the likelihood and recurrence of kidney stones. This study set out to identify the foods and...
Diet can be a helpful tool to enhance the quality of urine and lower the likelihood and recurrence of kidney stones. This study set out to identify the foods and nutrients that are associated with each type of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. Between 2018 and 2021, a sample of 90 cases (13 cases with papillary COM, 27 with non-papillary COM, and 50 with COD kidney stones), as well as a control group of 50 people, were chosen. A food intake frequency questionnaire was completed by the study's participants, and the results were compared between groups. Additionally, a comparison of the 24 h urine analysis between stone groups was made. Processed food and meat derivatives were linked to COM papillary calculi (OR = 1.051, = 0.032 and OR = 1.013, = 0.012, respectively). Consuming enough calcium may offer protection against non-papillary COM stones (OR = 0.997; = 0.002). Similarly, dairy product consumption was linked to COD calculi (OR = 1.005, = 0.001). In conclusion, a diet high in animal items may increase the risk of developing papillary COM stones. Consuming calcium may be preventive against non-papillary COM calculi, and dairy product consumption may be a risk factor for COD stones.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Calcium Oxalate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Kidney Calculi; Calcium, Dietary; Diet
PubMed: 37299570
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112607 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are among the most common types of kidney stones and are associated with renal tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic kidney...
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are among the most common types of kidney stones and are associated with renal tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic kidney disease. The mechanism of CaOx crystal-induced renal fibrosis remains unknown. Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death, is characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and the tumour suppressor p53 is a key regulator of ferroptosis. In the present study, our results demonstrated that ferroptosis was significantly activated in patients with nephrolithiasis and hyperoxaluric mice as well as verified the protective effects of ferroptosis inhibition on CaOx crystal-induced renal fibrosis. Moreover, the single-cell sequencing database, RNA-sequencing, and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of p53 was increased in patients with chronic kidney disease and the oxalate-stimulated human renal tubular epithelial cell line, HK-2. Additionally, the acetylation of p53 was enhanced by oxalate stimulation in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that the induction of p53 deacetylation, owing to either the SRT1720-induced activation of deacetylase sirtuin 1 or the triple mutation of p53, inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated renal fibrosis caused by CaOx crystals. We conclude that ferroptosis is one of the critical mechanisms contributing to CaOx crystal-induced renal fibrosis, and the pharmacological induction of ferroptosis via sirtuin 1-mediated p53 deacetylation may be a potential target for preventing renal fibrosis in patients with nephrolithiasis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Calcinosis; Calcium Oxalate; Ferroptosis; Fibrosis; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sirtuin 1; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 37236026
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114925 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2019Oxalate nephropathy is a rare condition and may be overlooked due to lack of recognition and understanding of triggers. An 81-year-old man was sent to nephrologist...
Oxalate nephropathy is a rare condition and may be overlooked due to lack of recognition and understanding of triggers. An 81-year-old man was sent to nephrologist because of significantly increased creatinine (1.5-1.9 mg/dL) noted for 3 months. He had well-controlled diabetes but no history of kidney disease. He had no chronic diarrhoea or intestinal surgery. He was a health-minded individual who had read extensively about benefit of antioxidants. Initial work-up was unrevealing. Within a few weeks after first visit, he developed acute symptomatic worsening kidney injury with nausea, vomiting and creatinine up to 6.8 mg/dL. Repeat examination of the urine sediment revealed casts containing calcium oxalate crystals. A deeper dietary history revealed widespread oxalate precursor consumption. A kidney biopsy confirmed oxalate nephropathy. Restriction of oxalate consumption combined with adequate hydration, oral calcium acetate resulted in partial renal recovery without need for haemodialysis.
Topics: Acetates; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged, 80 and over; Calcium Compounds; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet; Humans; Male; Oxalates
PubMed: 31527218
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231284 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Phosphonopeptides are phosphorus analogues of peptides and have been widely applied as enzyme inhibitors and antigens to induce catalytic antibodies. Phosphonopeptides... (Review)
Review
Phosphonopeptides are phosphorus analogues of peptides and have been widely applied as enzyme inhibitors and antigens to induce catalytic antibodies. Phosphonopeptides generally contain one aminoalkylphosphonic acid residue and include phosphonopeptides with C-terminal aminoalkylphosphonic acids and phosphonopeptides with a phosphonamidate bond. The phosphonamidate bond in the phosphonopeptides is generally formed via phosphonylation with phosphonochloridates, condensation with coupling reagents and enzymes, and phosphinylation followed by oxidation. Pseudo four-component condensation reaction of amides, aldehydes, alkyl dichlorophosphites, and amino/peptide esters is an alternative, convergent, and efficient strategy for synthesis of phosphonopeptides through simultaneous construction of aminoalkylphosphonic acids and formation of the phosphonamidate bond. This review focuses on the synthetic methods of phosphonopeptides containing a phosphonamidate bond.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Chlorides; Halogenation; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxalates; Peptides; Phosphoproteins
PubMed: 33322827
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245894 -
ACS Omega Apr 2022Oxalic acid is an important separation agent in the technology of lanthanides, actinides, and transition metals. Thanks to the low solubility of the oxalate salts, the...
Oxalic acid is an important separation agent in the technology of lanthanides, actinides, and transition metals. Thanks to the low solubility of the oxalate salts, the metal ions can be easily precipitated into crystalline material, which is a convenient precursor for oxide preparation. However, it is difficult to obtain oxalate monocrystals due to the fast precipitation. We have developed a synthetic route for homogeneous precipitation of oxalates based on the thermal decomposition of oxamic acid. This work primarily concerns lanthanide oxalates; however, since no information was found about oxamic acid, a brief characterization was included. The precipitation method was tested on selected elements (Ce, Pr, Gd, Er, and Yb), for which the kinetics was determined at 100 °C. Several scoping tests at 90 °C or using different starting concentrations were performed on Ce and Gd. The reaction products were studied by means of solid-state analysis with focus on the structure and morphology. Well-developed microcrystals were successfully synthesized with the largest size for gadolinium oxalate.
PubMed: 35449933
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00763 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Animals; Calcium Oxalate; Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Macrophages; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34790209
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795559 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Jun 2023The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing across all demographic groups. Apart from the morbidity associated with an acute occurrence, preventative treatment is... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing across all demographic groups. Apart from the morbidity associated with an acute occurrence, preventative treatment is essential for stone disease, which can become a long-term problem. Simple interventions like fluid intake optimization and dietary modification are effective for most stone types. However, patients with specific metabolic abnormalities may require pharmaceutical therapy if lifestyle changes are insufficient to reduce the risk of stone recurrence. The treatment of citrates and/or pyridoxines may help eliminate or prevent recurrences of kidney stones, especially when they are composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or the latter two together. In cases of struvite stones, which often necessitate a surgical approach, acetohydroxamic acid emerges as a valuable second-line treatment option. Thiol-binding agents may be needed for cystinuria, as well as lifestyle modifications. Successful treatment reduces stone recurrence and the need to remove stones surgically.
Topics: Humans; Pyridoxine; Citrates; Kidney Calculi; Calcium Oxalate; Life Style
PubMed: 37675156
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0234 -
Kidney360 Jan 2024Oxalate nephropathy is an underrecognized cause of CKD and ESKD. We present one of the largest native oxalate nephropathy cohorts to date from a tertiary care...
KEY POINTS
Oxalate nephropathy is an underrecognized cause of CKD and ESKD. We present one of the largest native oxalate nephropathy cohorts to date from a tertiary care institution in the United States. Oxalate nephropathy has multiple etiologies and given its clinical course and poor prognosis, attention must be paid to screening for risk factors to guide prompt diagnosis and management.
BACKGROUND
Oxalate nephropathy (ON) is characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney and is commonly under-recognized. Causes of ON include primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria, and ingestion of excess oxalate or its precursors.
METHODS
We report the clinical and pathological characteristics of one of the largest series of native kidney ON to date, from January 2015 to March 2023 at the Cleveland Clinic.
RESULTS
We identified 60 native biopsies with oxalate deposits and excluded patients with clinically insignificant biopsies (=12) or lack of data (=17). Thirty-one patients with native ON were described. The mean age at diagnosis was 66.2 years (±12.1), and 58.1% were female. 87.1% had hypertension, 58.1% had diabetes, 42% had nephrolithiasis, and 77.4% had underlying CKD, with a mean baseline creatinine of 1.8 mg/dl ±1.3. The mean creatinine at biopsy was 5.2 mg/dl ±1.7. Kidney biopsies showed abundant calcium oxalate crystal deposits, and 27 of 31 biopsies had additional diagnoses, the most common of which were acute tubular injury =17 (54.8%) and diabetic glomerulosclerosis =7 (22.6%). Severe and moderate interstitial fibrosis was present in 38.7% (=12) and 51.6% (=16) of biopsies, respectively. Ten had a single etiology of ON, ten had a multifactorial etiology (both enteric hyperoxaluria and high precursor intake), and 11 had an unclear etiology. Notably, only seven patients had a history of gastric bypass. The mean duration of follow-up was 26.8 months, and 26 patients had follow-up data >1 year. Of these, 21 required dialysis, and five were dialysis-free at presentation. Five of the 26 were deceased at 1 year, with 12 patients (38.7%) deceased at last follow-up. Seventeen patients received targeted management, while nine patients did not receive targeted treatment, and all nine required hemodialysis. More patients (31.6%) had vitamin C intake after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (2020–2023) versus 16.7% before 2020.
CONCLUSIONS
ON presents as AKI or acute on CKD. The prognosis is poor with most patients requiring dialysis at presentation with high morbidity and mortality. Clinicians need to be aware of the risk factors associated with ON to aid prompt diagnosis and management.
PODCAST
This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/K360/2024_01_26_KID0000000000000340.mp3
Topics: Humans; Hyperoxaluria; Renal Insufficiency; Oxalates
PubMed: 38095544
DOI: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000340 -
Fungal Biology 2023Cerium is the most sought-after rare earth element (REE) for application in high-tech electronic devices and versatile nanomaterials. In this research, biomass-free...
Cerium is the most sought-after rare earth element (REE) for application in high-tech electronic devices and versatile nanomaterials. In this research, biomass-free spent culture media of Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa containing precipitant ligands (oxalate, carbonate) were investigated for their potential application in biorecovery of Ce from solution. Precipitation occurred after Ce was mixed with biomass-free spent culture media and >99% Ce was recovered from media of both organisms. SEM showed that biogenic crystals with distinctive morphologies were formed in the biomass-free spent medium of A. niger. Irregularly-shaped nanoparticles with varying sizes ranging from 0.5 to 2 μm and amorphous biominerals were formed after mixing the carbonate-laden N. crassa supernatant, resulting from ureolysis of supplied urea, with Ce. Both biominerals contained Ce as the sole metal, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyses identified the biominerals resulting from the biomass-free A. niger and N. crassa spent media as cerium oxalate decahydrate [Ce(CO)·10HO] and cerium carbonate [Ce(CO)·8HO], respectively. Thermal decomposition experiments showed that the biogenic Ce oxalates and carbonates could be subsequently transformed into ceria (CeO). FTIR confirmed that both amorphous and nanoscale Ce carbonates contained carbonate (CO) groups. FTIR-multivariate analysis could classify the biominerals into three groups according to different Ce concentrations and showed that Ce carbonate biominerals of higher purity were produced when precipitated at higher Ce concentrations. This work provides new understanding of fungal biotransformations of soluble REE species and their biorecovery using biomass-free fungal culture systems and indicates the potential of using recovered REE as precursors for the biosynthesis of novel nanomaterials.
Topics: Cerium; Oxalates; Carbonates; Biotransformation; Culture Media
PubMed: 37495308
DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.07.006 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jan 2021Urinary pH is a factor that influences in urinary lithogenesis. It can condition the heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate and the crystallization or dissolution...
OBJECTIVE
Urinary pH is a factor that influences in urinary lithogenesis. It can condition the heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate and the crystallization or dissolution of other substances such as uricacid, cystine and phosphates. Its exact and precise measurement is a tool to guide the treatment and prevention. The most accurate way to measure the pH is to use a glass electrode and a pH-meter, but this device is used in hospital's environment and is not portable. Test strips are not adequate for proper measurement. Recently, a portable and electronic device for measuring urinary pH has shown greater precision and accuracy in the measurement of urinary pH, with good acceptance by patients.
METHOD
We carried out a bibliographic search inPUBMED and EMBASE using the terms "URINARY pH", "Lithiasis", "Uro-Lihitiasis", "Urinary Stone", "Urinary pH measurement", in order to compile articles, books, abstracts and the most relevant clinical guides in English and Spanish on this topic.
RESULTS
We select a total of 66 articles, 3 books, an abstract of a study unpublished presented at the American urology congress and the European Guidelines on urolithiasis on the effect of pH on the formation and prevention of urolithiasis. Four articles deal specifically with the effect of urinary pH on urolithiasis, 5 articles deal with a new portable electronic device for measuring urinary pH, 5 articles dealt with the measurement of urinary pH with test strips and 1 article dealt with the modification of urinary pH to reduce fouling of double J catheters, 2 articles deal about the urinary acidification with oral methionine. The selected abstract deals with the new portable device for measuring urinary pH in cystinuric patients. The 3 selected books have specific sections where the role of urinary pH in urolithiasis is discussed. Finally, in the European Urology Guidelines, the control of urinary pH is emphasized in the sections of prevention of urolithiasis formation, treatment of uric lithiasis, infectious/non-infectious phosphocalcic and cystine.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary pH is a recognized factor in the scientific-urological community for the study, monitoring, treatment and prevention of lithiasic patients. Urinary pH measurement is a very useful tool, but test strips are not suitable for pH measurement and medical decision making. Currently, several studies have evaluated a new device to achieve the measurement of urinary pH effectively and easily by the patient, keeping urinary pH innon-lithogenic ranges with the association of medical and non-medical treatments, and good acceptability from the patients.
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Urinary Calculi; Urolithiasis
PubMed: 33459626
DOI: No ID Found