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Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD 2022Vehicles combined with calcium hydroxide, as an intracanal medicament, play a key factor in affecting antibacterial, calcium release, and pH.
CONTEXT
Vehicles combined with calcium hydroxide, as an intracanal medicament, play a key factor in affecting antibacterial, calcium release, and pH.
AIMS
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three vehicles (glycerin, chlorhexidine gluconate/CHX, and chitosan nanoparticle) combined with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on antibacterial efficacy against , calcium ion release, and pH of at different interval times of 7 and 14 days.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The research was experimental laboratory.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Each study used 24 samples of eight teeth each and was randomly divided into three groups based on the vehicle of calcium hydroxide: group 1: glycerin, group 2: CHX, and group 3: chitosan nanoparticles. Each vehicle group was then further divided into two subgroups of four teeth based on the interval times (group A: 7 days and group B: 14 days). The antibacterial efficacy was determined using an agar diffusion method. Calcium ion release was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry, and pH was measured using a pH meter.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data from each study were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test with a significance level of 95%.
RESULTS
The results exhibited that chitosan nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial efficacy against , calcium ion release, and pH, while the lowest was glycerin at 7 and 14 days ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Calcium hydroxide combined with chitosan nanoparticle as an intracanal medicament produced the highest antibacterial efficacy against , calcium ion release, and pH than glycerin and CHX at intervals of 7 and 14 days.
PubMed: 36506629
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_242_22 -
European Review For Medical and... Nov 2022We aimed at evaluating some chemical-physical properties of artificial saliva substitutes easily available on the E.U. market, such as viscosity, pH, buffering capacity,...
OBJECTIVE
We aimed at evaluating some chemical-physical properties of artificial saliva substitutes easily available on the E.U. market, such as viscosity, pH, buffering capacity, superficial tension, density and spinnbarkeit and to compare the results with human natural saliva bibliographic data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Based on the easy availability on the market, twelve artificial saliva solutions in liquid formulation were analyzed. Kinematic viscosity (cSt) was determined using a micro-Ubbelohde model capillary viscosimeter (ViscoClock, SCHOOT-GERATE Mainz, Germany). Dynamic viscosity (mPas) was determined, through a simple multiplication between density (g/cm3) and kinematic viscosity of each solution. pH analyses were carried out at room temperature using a pH-meter (Mettler Toledo®- Five Easy, Columbus, OH, USA). Spinnbarkeit analysis was performed by a self-owned instrument built for the purpose.
RESULTS
The median density value, obtained from the cohort of artificial saliva substitutes, was 1.036 g/cm3. The median value of the kinematic viscosity was 8.984 cSt. The median spinnbarkeit value was 3.2 mm and the median pH value was 6.29. In this study we found an almost linear correlation between the kinematic viscosity and spinnbarkeit values of the artificial saliva substitutes evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS
Saliva substitutes should be as faithful as possible to the characteristics of human saliva, in order to completely replace its functions in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, despite several R&D efforts, it is difficult to reproduce all the different features that belongs to natural saliva in one device. Therefore, it would be desirable to create more products reproducing saliva with various rheological characteristics in respect of the main salivary functions such as: chewing, speaking and tissue coating.
Topics: Humans; Saliva, Artificial; Viscosity; Rheology; Saliva; Physical Examination
PubMed: 36394731
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30132 -
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular... Aug 2022Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) can reduce the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and improve the quality of life in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) can reduce the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and improve the quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the effectiveness of PADN in the treatment of PH patients.
METHODS
This is a comprehensive literature search including all public clinical trials investigating the effects of PADN on PH. Outcomes were mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac output (CO), right ventricular (RV) Tei index, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grading.
RESULTS
A total of eight clinical studies with 213 PH patients who underwent PADN were included. Meta-analysis showed that after PADN, mPAP (mean difference [] -12.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] -17.74 to -7.27, P<0.00001) (mmHg) and PVR ( -5.17, 95% CI -7.70 to -2.65, P<0.0001) (Wood unit) decreased significantly, CO ( 0.59, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.86, P<0.0001) (L/min) and 6MWD ( 107.75, 95% CI 65.64 to 149.86, P<0.00001) (meter) increased significantly, and RV Tei index ( -0.05, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.17, P=0.63) did not change significantly. Also after PADN, the proportion of NYHA cardiac function grading (risk ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.37, P<0.00001) III and IV decreased significantly.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis supports PADN as a potential new treatment for PH. Further high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed.
Topics: Denervation; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pulmonary Artery; Quality of Life; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 35976208
DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0533 -
National Journal of Maxillofacial... 2021Salivary pH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. Chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products changes salivary pH.
BACKGROUND
Salivary pH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. Chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products changes salivary pH.
AIM
The aim of the study was to measure the effect of habitual chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products on salivary pH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study included 360 individuals (chewers and nonchewers) of age group between 20 and 30 years who visited the Outpatient Department of Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital. The patient's salivary pH was measured with the help of a digital pH meter before and after chewing areca nut and various tobacco products.
RESULTS
It was observed that, in all the groups of chewers, pH decreased after chewing except in the gutkha and lime chewing group, where pH increased (pH before chewing was 7.43 ± 0.41 and after chewing was 7.51 ± 0.399), the difference was strongly significant ( < 0.001). pH was found to be less in lime and tobacco chewers (6.83 ± 0.33) and more in tobacco, betel nut, and lime chewers (7.50 ± 0.41) in comparison to other groups before chewing; the difference was strongly significant ( < 0.001). In the mean ± standard deviation, increase in pH was found among chewers (7.32 ± 0.49) as compared to nonchewers (6.99 ± 0.14), which is the control group, and the data were statically significant ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
pH is altered in areca nut and various tobacco chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of areca nut and various tobacco products.
PubMed: 34188405
DOI: 10.4103/njms.NJMS_39_20 -
International Journal of General... 2023This study aimed to assess and compare the salivary secretion, pH, and buffer capacity between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated child patients visiting the clinics...
Comparison of Salivary Secretion, pH, and Buffer Capacity Between COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Child Patients Visiting Dental Clinics of University Hospitals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess and compare the salivary secretion, pH, and buffer capacity between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated child patients visiting the clinics of private university dental hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
This is the first comparative assessment of salivary parameters between unvaccinated and COVID-19-vaccinated child patients. The study sample comprised COVID-19 unvaccinated (n = 66) and vaccinated (n = 66) pediatric dental patients aged 4-12 years seeking dental care in clinics of private university hospitals. Paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected from unvaccinated and vaccinated study participants, and the amount of saliva secreted per minute was noted. Salivary pH and buffering capacity (by 5 mmol Hydrochloric acid titration) were measured using a benchtop digital pH meter. The data obtained were compared between unvaccinated and vaccinated participants using an independent -test.
RESULTS
The results showed a significantly higher salivary secretion rate in unvaccinated than vaccinated study participants (0.83 ± 0.24 mL/min vs 0.67 ± 0.24 mL/min, = 0.001). Similarly, unvaccinated subjects compared to vaccinated subjects exhibited a significantly higher pH (7.33 ± 0.39 vs 7.04 ± 0.46, < 0.001) and buffering capacity (6.31 ± 1.55 vs 5.40 ± 1.22, p < 0.001). Moreover, unvaccinated females demonstrated a significantly higher salivary secretion (0.87 ± 0.23 vs 0.71 ± 0.25, = 2.627, = 0.011) and buffering capacity 6.19 ± 1.52 vs 5.34 ± 1.25, = 2.404, = 0.019) than vaccinated females. Similarly, unvaccinated male exhibited significantly higher salivary secretion (0.80 ± 0.25 vs 0.64 ± 0.23, = 2.670, = 0.009), salivary pH (7.39 ± 0.45 vs 6.94 ± 0.41, =4.309, <0.001) and buffering capacity (6.42 ± 1.60 vs 5.45 ± 1.21, = 2.875, = 0.005) than the vaccinated male subjects.
CONCLUSION
The vaccinated subjects showed a significantly lower mean salivary secretion, pH, and buffering capacity than unvaccinated participants. Hence, COVID-19 vaccination is likely to affect salivary parameters among pediatric patients.
PubMed: 38162688
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S437563 -
Journal of the American Heart... Nov 2023Background This randomized controlled trial compared long-term changes in peak walking time (PWT) and exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle oxygen saturation (StO) in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Background This randomized controlled trial compared long-term changes in peak walking time (PWT) and exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle oxygen saturation (StO) in symptomatic participants with peripheral artery disease following a long-term home exercise program (HEP), a short-term supervised exercise therapy (SET) program that transitioned to a long-term HEP (SET/HEP), and a control intervention. Methods and Results For the first 3 months, HEP and SET/HEP groups performed intermittent walking to mild-to-moderate claudication pain, whereas the control group performed light resistance training. For the subsequent 15 months, the HEP group continued their exercise program, the SET/HEP group transitioned from SET to the HEP program, and the control group transitioned to only receive walking advice. PWT increased significantly from baseline to month 18 in the HEP group (408±279 meters to 814±393 meters, <0.001) and in the SET/HEP group (457±288 meters to 818±313 meters, <0.001). Exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle StO increased significantly from baseline to month 18 in the HEP group (238±241 seconds to 497±485 seconds, <0.05) and in the SET/HEP group (296±289 seconds to 620±450 seconds, <0.001). These changes in PWT and exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle StO were greater than in the control group (<0.001 and <0.01, respectively). Additionally, the change in exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle StO was correlated with the change in PWT in both exercise groups combined (=0.601, =0.0015). Conclusions Long-term HEP and SET/HEP were efficacious in improving PWT and exercise time-to-minimum calf muscle StO in symptomatic participants with peripheral artery disease, and these changes were correlated with each other. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00618670.
Topics: Humans; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Exercise; Intermittent Claudication; Exercise Therapy; Walking; Treatment Outcome; Exercise Test
PubMed: 37929770
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.029755 -
Pediatric Research Mar 2021Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a widely used screening method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Deviation of the transcutaneous bilirubin concentration (TcB) from the...
BACKGROUND
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a widely used screening method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Deviation of the transcutaneous bilirubin concentration (TcB) from the total serum bilirubin concentration (TSB) is often ascribed to biological variation between patients, but variations between TcB meters may also have a role. This study aims to provide a systematic evaluation of the inter-device reproducibility of TcB meters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirteen commercially available TcB meters (JM-105 and JM-103) were evaluated in vitro on phantoms that optically mimic neonatal skin. The mimicked TcB was varied within the clinical range (0.5-181.3 μmol/L).
RESULTS
Absolute differences between TcB meter outcomes increased with the measured TcB, from a difference of 5.0 μmol/L (TcB = 0.5 μmol/L phantom) up to 65.0 μmol/L (TcB = 181.3 μmol/L phantom).
CONCLUSION
The inter-device reproducibility of the examined TcB meters is substantial and exceeds the specified accuracy of the device (±25.5 μmol/L), as well as the clinically used TcB safety margins (>50 µmol/L below phototherapy threshold). Healthcare providers should be well aware of this additional uncertainty in the TcB determination, especially when multiple TcB meters are employed in the same clinic. We strongly advise using a single TcB meter per patient to evaluate the TcB over time.
IMPACT
Key message: The inter-device reproducibility of TcB meters is substantial and exceeds the clinically used TcB safety margins. What this study adds to existing literature: The inter-device reproducibility of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) meters has not been reported in the existing literature. This in vitro study systematically evaluates this inter-device reproducibility.
IMPACT
This study aids in a better interpretation of the measured TcB value from a patient and is of particular importance during patient monitoring when using multiple TcB meters within the same clinical department. We strongly advise using a single TcB meter per patient to evaluate the TcB over time.
Topics: Bilirubin; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Equipment Design; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Monitoring, Physiologic; Neonatal Screening; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Skin Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 32919392
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01118-6 -
Pharmaceutics Dec 2020Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious airborne disease caused by , which primarily affects human lungs. The progression of drug-susceptible TB to drug-resistant strains,... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious airborne disease caused by , which primarily affects human lungs. The progression of drug-susceptible TB to drug-resistant strains, MDR-TB and XDR-TB, has become worldwide challenge in eliminating TB. The limitations of conventional TB treatment including frequent dosing and prolonged treatment, which results in patient's noncompliance to the treatment because of treatment-related adverse effects. The non-invasive pulmonary drug administration provides the advantages of targeted-site delivery and avoids first-pass metabolism, which reduced the dose requirement and systemic adverse effects of the therapeutics. With the modification of the drugs with advanced carriers, the formulations may possess sustained released property, which helps in reducing the dosing frequency and enhanced patients' compliances. The dry powder inhaler formulation is easy to handle and storage as it is relatively stable compared to liquids and suspension. This review mainly highlights the aerosolization properties of dry powder inhalable formulations with different anti-TB agents to understand and estimate the deposition manner of the drug in the lungs. Moreover, the safety profile of the novel dry powder inhaler formulations has been discussed. The results of the studies demonstrated that dry powder inhaler formulation has the potential in enhancing treatment efficacy.
PubMed: 33321797
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121196 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... Jul 2023The optic flow, i.e., the displacement of retinal images of objects in the environment induced by self-motion, is an important source of spatial information, especially... (Review)
Review
The optic flow, i.e., the displacement of retinal images of objects in the environment induced by self-motion, is an important source of spatial information, especially for fast-flying insects. Spatial information over a wide range of distances, from the animal's immediate surroundings over several hundred metres to kilometres, is necessary for mediating behaviours, such as landing manoeuvres, collision avoidance in spatially complex environments, learning environmental object constellations and path integration in spatial navigation. To facilitate the processing of spatial information, the complexity of the optic flow is often reduced by active vision strategies. These result in translations and rotations being largely separated by a saccadic flight and gaze mode. Only the translational components of the optic flow contain spatial information. In the first step of optic flow processing, an array of local motion detectors provides a retinotopic spatial proximity map of the environment. This local motion information is then processed in parallel neural pathways in a task-specific manner and used to control the different components of spatial behaviour. A particular challenge here is that the distance information extracted from the optic flow does not represent the distances unambiguously, but these are scaled by the animal's speed of locomotion. Possible ways of coping with this ambiguity are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Optic Flow; Flight, Animal; Insecta; Motion Perception; Saccades
PubMed: 36609568
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01610-w -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2021Trauma has emerged as the leading cause of death during pregnancy. Penetrating abdominal trauma in pregnancy requires a rigorous clinical evaluation to establish a...
Trauma has emerged as the leading cause of death during pregnancy. Penetrating abdominal trauma in pregnancy requires a rigorous clinical evaluation to establish a complete assessment of obstetric and non-obstetric lesions. In the case of major trauma, treatment is essentially carried out in a trauma centre with a multidisciplinary team to improve maternal and fetal prognosis. This is a case of a 20-year-old primigravid woman, 33 weeks and 4 days age of gestation, who was admitted for impaled foreign body. She was brought to the emergency department for a penetrating wound of the chest and abdomen after being accidentally impaled by a metre-long, inch-thick steel rod. Emergency laparotomy, caesarean section and thoracotomy were performed. The aim of this report is to discuss the assessment, management and role of the multidisciplinary team in the management of a pregnant trauma patient.
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Adult; Cesarean Section; Female; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Pregnancy; Thoracic Injuries; Wounds, Penetrating; Young Adult
PubMed: 34404665
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244463