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Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum (PD) and to...
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum (PD) and to discuss the possible risk factors of endoscopic reintervention for symptomatic PD. A total of 50 patients with symptomatic PD who underwent ERCP from January 2010 to December 2019 were finally brought into study. All patients were divided into the nonage and the adult group according to their ages. Meanwhile, all patients were also divided into the intervention and the reintervention group according to times of ERCP. The long-term outcome of each patient was collected during the follow-up by phone call. The total success rate of ERCP was 94.7% (89/93), and the effective rate of first ERCP was 58% (29/50). There were no statistical differences on the outcomes of ERCP treatment between the adult and nonage group. There were 17 patients with complete pancreas divisum and 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the reintervention group, which were more than 6 patients and 8 patients in the intervention group ( < 0.05). In bivariate regression analysis, chronic pancreatitis and complete pancreas divisum might be significant risk factors for endoscopic reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD (OR, 8.010, 95% CI, 1.483-43.276, =0.016; OR, 8.869, 95% CI, 1.450-54.254, =0.018, respectively). ERCP in treating adult and nonage patients with symptomatic PD are effective and safe. But, many patients may need endoscopic reintervention. Complete pancreas divisum and chronic pancreatitis may be risk factors of ERCP reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD.
Topics: Adult; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Chronic
PubMed: 35469227
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8508943 -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... Apr 2020Interactions between the immune system and the pancreas are pivotal in understanding how and why β cells' damage causes problems with pancreas functioning. Pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Crosstalk Between Immunity System Cells and Pancreas. Transformation of Stem Cells Used in the 3D Bioprinting Process as a Personalized Treatment Method for Type 1 Diabetes.
Interactions between the immune system and the pancreas are pivotal in understanding how and why β cells' damage causes problems with pancreas functioning. Pancreatic islets are crucial in maintaining glucose homeostasis in organs, tissue and cells. Autoimmune aggression towards pancreatic islets, mainly β cells, leads to type 1 diabetes-one of the most prevalent autoimmune disease in the world, being a worldwide risk to health of many people. In this review, we highlight the role of immune cells and its influence in the development of autoimmunity in Langerhans islets. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the immunological factors on future understanding possible recurrence of autoimmunity on 3D-bioprinted bionic pancreas.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Bioprinting; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immune System; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Pancreas; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32297019
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00578-2 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2021Chronic adrenergic stimulation is the dominant factor in impairment of the β-cell function. Sustained adrenergic exposure generates dysregulated insulin secretion in...
Chronic adrenergic stimulation is the dominant factor in impairment of the β-cell function. Sustained adrenergic exposure generates dysregulated insulin secretion in fetal sheep. Similar results have been shown in Min6 under the elevated epinephrine condition, but impairments after adrenergic removal are still unknown and a high rate of proliferation in Min6 has been ignored. Therefore, we incubated primary rats' islets with half maximal inhibitory concentrations of epinephrine for three days, then determined their insulin secretion responsiveness and related signals two days after removal of adrenaline via radioimmunoassay and qPCR. Insulin secretion was not different between the exposure group (1.07 ± 0.04 ng/islet/h) and control (1.23 ± 0.17 ng/islet/h), but total islet insulin content after treatment (5.46 ± 0.87 ng/islet/h) was higher than control (3.17 ± 0.22 ng/islet/h, < 0.05), and the fractional insulin release was 36% ( < 0.05) lower after the treatment. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Gαs, Gαz and Gβ1-2 decreased by 42.8% 19.4% and 24.8%, respectively ( < 0.05). Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2), sulphonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) were significantly reduced (38.5%, 23.8% and 53.8%, < 0.05). Chronic adrenergic exposure could impair insulin responsiveness in primary pancreatic islets. Decreased G proteins and Sur1 expression affect the regulation of insulin secretion. In conclusion, the sustained under-expression of Ucp2 and Sod2 may further change the function of β-cell, which helps to understand the long-term adrenergic adaptation of pancreatic β-cell.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Epinephrine; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Pancreas; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase; Uncoupling Protein 2
PubMed: 34071501
DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010020 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024To investigate whether increased intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) heightens the risk of diseases of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas.
INTRODUCTION
To investigate whether increased intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) heightens the risk of diseases of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Biobank. IPFD was quantified using MRI and a deep learning-based framework called nnUNet. The prevalence of fatty change of the pancreas (FP) was determined using sex- and age-specific thresholds. Associations between IPFD and pancreatic diseases were assessed with multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking and drinking status, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, liver fat content, and spleen fat content.
RESULTS
Of the 42,599 participants included in the analysis, the prevalence of FP was 17.86%. Elevated IPFD levels were associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 quintile change 1.513, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.179-1.941), pancreatic cancer (HR per 1 quintile change 1.365, 95% CI 1.058-1.762) and diabetes mellitus (HR per 1 quintile change 1.221, 95% CI 1.132-1.318). FP was also associated with a higher risk of acute pancreatitis (HR 3.982, 95% CI 2.192-7.234), pancreatic cancer (HR 1.976, 95% CI 1.054-3.704), and diabetes mellitus (HR 1.337, 95% CI 1.122-1.593, P = 0.001).
DISCUSSION
FP is a common pancreatic disorder. Fat in the pancreas is an independent risk factor for diseases of both the exocrine pancreas and endocrine pancreas.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; United Kingdom; Aged; Pancreatic Diseases; Adult; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pancreatitis; Risk Factors; Biological Specimen Banks; Incidence; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Prevalence; Diabetes Mellitus; Pancreas, Exocrine; Proportional Hazards Models; Pancreas; UK Biobank
PubMed: 38587286
DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002792 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal May 2022
Topics: Automobiles; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Chronic
PubMed: 35429370
DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12229 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024: The pancreas, ensconced within the abdominal cavity, requires a plethora of sophisticated imaging modalities for its comprehensive evaluation, with ultrasonography... (Review)
Review
: The pancreas, ensconced within the abdominal cavity, requires a plethora of sophisticated imaging modalities for its comprehensive evaluation, with ultrasonography serving as a primary investigative technique. A myriad of pancreatic pathologies, encompassing pancreatic neoplasia and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases, are detectable through these imaging strategies. Nevertheless, the intricate anatomical confluence and the pancreas's deep-seated topography render the visualization and accurate diagnosis of its pathologies a formidable endeavor. The objective of our paper is to review the best diagnostic imagistic tools for the pancreas. : we have gathered several articles using Prisma guidelines to determine the best imagistic methods. The imperative of pancreatic scanning transcends its diagnostic utility, proving to be a pivotal element in a multitude of clinical specialties, notably surgical oncology. Within this domain, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the pancreas holds the distinction of being the paramount imaging modality, endorsed for its unrivaled capacity to delineate the staging and progression of pancreatic carcinoma. In synergy with MDCT, there has been a notable advent of avant-garde imaging techniques in recent years. These advanced methodologies, including ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conjoined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), have broadened the horizon of tumor characterization, offering unparalleled depth and precision in oncological assessment. Other emerging diagnostic techniques, such as elastography, also hold a lot of potential and promise for the future of pancreatic imaging. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick, minimally invasive procedure to evaluate lumps using a thin needle to extract tissue for analysis. It is less invasive than surgical biopsies and usually performed as an outpatient with quick recovery. Its accuracy depends on sample quality, and the risks include minimal bleeding or discomfort. Results, guiding further treatment, are typically available within a week. Elastography is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue. This method, often used in conjunction with ultrasound or MRI, helps differentiate between hard and soft areas in tissue, providing valuable diagnostic information. It is particularly useful for assessing liver fibrosis, thyroid nodules, breast lumps, and musculoskeletal conditions. The technique is painless and involves applying gentle pressure to the area being examined. The resulting images show tissue stiffness, indicating potential abnormalities. Elastography is advantageous for its ability to detect diseases in early stages and monitor treatment effectiveness. The procedure is quick, safe, and requires no special preparation, with results typically available immediately. : The assembled and gathered data shows the efficacy of various techniques in discerning the nature and extent of neoplastic lesions within the pancreas. : The most common imaging modalities currently used in diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms are multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside new technologies, such as elastography.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Pancreas
PubMed: 38792878
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050695 -
Cell Metabolism Nov 2021Finding endogenous, renewable sources for insulin-producing beta cells in the adult pancreas is one of the holy grails of stem cell research and regenerative medicine....
Finding endogenous, renewable sources for insulin-producing beta cells in the adult pancreas is one of the holy grails of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Through lineage tracing and scRNA-seq approaches, Gribben et al. (2021) have recently reported that Ngn3-expressing ductal cells could serve as progenitors for new beta cells in the adult pancreas.
Topics: Insulin-Secreting Cells; Pancreas
PubMed: 34731654
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.007 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Dec 2021Over the past few years, extensive efforts have been made to generate in-vitro pancreatic micro-tissue, for disease modeling or cell replacement approaches in pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Over the past few years, extensive efforts have been made to generate in-vitro pancreatic micro-tissue, for disease modeling or cell replacement approaches in pancreatic related diseases such as diabetes mellitus. To obtain these goals, a closer look at the diverse cells participating in pancreatic development is necessary. Five major non-epithelial pancreatic (pN-Epi) cell populations namely, pancreatic endothelium, mesothelium, neural crests, pericytes, and stellate cells exist in pancreas throughout its development, and they are hypothesized to be endogenous inducers of the development. In this review, we discuss different pN-Epi cells migrating to and existing within the pancreas and their diverse effects on pancreatic epithelium during organ development mediated via associated signaling pathways, soluble factors or mechanical cell-cell interactions. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments, with a focus on N-Epi cells' impact on pancreas endocrine development, have also been considered. Pluripotent stem cell technology and multicellular three-dimensional organoids as new approaches to generate pancreatic micro-tissues have also been discussed. Main challenges for reaching a detailed understanding of the role of pN-Epi cells in pancreas development in utilizing for in-vitro recapitulation have been summarized. Finally, various novel and innovative large-scale bioengineering approaches which may help to recapitulate cell-cell interactions and are crucial for generation of large-scale in-vitro multicellular pancreatic micro-tissues, are discussed.
Topics: Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium; Humans; Organogenesis; Organoids; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34613423
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03951-2 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is primarily a disease of the pancreatic beta-cells, understanding of the disease-associated alterations in the whole pancreas could be...
Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is primarily a disease of the pancreatic beta-cells, understanding of the disease-associated alterations in the whole pancreas could be important for the improved treatment or the prevention of the disease. We have characterized the whole-pancreas gene expression of patients with recently diagnosed T1D from the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study and non-diabetic controls. Furthermore, another parallel dataset of the whole pancreas and an additional dataset from the laser-captured pancreatic islets of the DiViD patients and non-diabetic organ donors were analyzed together with the original dataset to confirm the results and to get further insights into the potential disease-associated differences between the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. First, higher expression of the core acinar cell genes, encoding for digestive enzymes, was detected in the whole pancreas of the DiViD patients when compared to non-diabetic controls. Second, In the pancreatic islets, upregulation of immune and inflammation related genes was observed in the DiViD patients when compared to non-diabetic controls, in line with earlier publications, while an opposite trend was observed for several immune and inflammation related genes at the whole pancreas tissue level. Third, strong downregulation of the regenerating gene family () genes, linked to pancreatic islet growth and regeneration, was observed in the exocrine acinar cell dominated whole-pancreas data of the DiViD patients when compared with the non-diabetic controls. Fourth, analysis of unique features in the transcriptomes of each DiViD patient compared with the other DiViD patients, revealed elevated expression of central antiviral immune response genes in the whole-pancreas samples, but not in the pancreatic islets, of one DiViD patient. This difference in the extent of antiviral gene expression suggests different statuses of infection in the pancreas at the time of sampling between the DiViD patients, who were all enterovirus + in the islets by immunohistochemistry based on earlier studies. The observed features, indicating differences in the function, status and interplay between the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas of recent onset T1D patients, highlight the importance of studying both compartments for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T1D.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Inflammation; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35498413
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.861985 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Diabetes poses a significant threat to human health. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction is related to diabetes, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. This study...
Diabetes poses a significant threat to human health. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction is related to diabetes, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to describe the pathological phenotype and pathological mechanisms of the pancreas of transgenic pigs (PIGinH11) that was constructed in our laboratory and to compare it with humans. We established diabetes-susceptible transgenic pigs and subjected them to high-fat and high-sucrose dietary interventions. The damage to the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine was evaluated using histopathology and the involved molecular mechanisms were analyzed using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (SnRNA-seq). Compared to wild-type (WT) pigs, PIGinH11 pigs showed similar pathological manifestations to type 2 diabetes patients, such as insulin deficiency, fatty deposition, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis tissue necrosis, double positive cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria damage. SnRNA-seq analysis revealed 16 clusters and cell-type-specific gene expression characterization in the pig pancreas. Notably, clusters of Ainar-M and Endocrine-U were observed at the intermediate state between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Beta cells of the PIGinH11 group demonstrated the dysfunction with insulin produced and secret decreased and ER stress. Moreover, like clinic patients, acinar cells expressed fewer digestive enzymes and showed organelle damage. We hypothesize that TXNIP that is upregulated by high glucose might play an important role in the dysfunction of endocrine to exocrine cells in PIGinH11 pigs.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Islets of Langerhans; Animals, Genetically Modified; Insulin
PubMed: 37175407
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097701