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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The excess deposition of intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic ductal...
AIMS
The excess deposition of intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In the current study, we aimed to identify a relationship between lifestyle factors and IPFD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
99 patients admitted to the Osaka University Hospital who had undergone abdominal computed tomography were selected. We evaluated the mean computed tomography values of the pancreas and spleen and then calculated IPFD score. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the associations between IPFD score and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
Fast eating speed, late-night eating, and early morning awakening were significantly associated with a high IPFD score after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes status and Body Mass Index (p=0.04, 0.01, 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The current study has elucidated the significant associations of fast eating speed, late-night eating, and early morning awakening with IPFD.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Life Style
PubMed: 37576958
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219579 -
Nature Biomedical Engineering Nov 2022A lack of comprehensive mapping of ganglionic inputs into the pancreas and of technology for the modulation of the activity of specific pancreatic nerves has hindered...
A lack of comprehensive mapping of ganglionic inputs into the pancreas and of technology for the modulation of the activity of specific pancreatic nerves has hindered the study of how they regulate metabolic processes. Here we show that the pancreas-innervating neurons in sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory ganglia can be mapped in detail by using tissue clearing and retrograde tracing (the tracing of neural connections from the synapse to the cell body), and that genetic payloads can be delivered via intrapancreatic injection to target sites in efferent pancreatic nerves in live mice through optimized adeno-associated viruses and neural-tissue-specific promoters. We also show that, in male mice, the targeted activation of parasympathetic cholinergic intrapancreatic ganglia and neurons doubled plasma-insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, and that tolerance was impaired by stimulating pancreas-projecting sympathetic neurons. The ability to map the peripheral ganglia innervating the pancreas and to deliver transgenes to specific pancreas-projecting neurons will facilitate the examination of ganglionic inputs and the study of the roles of pancreatic efferent innervation in glucose metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; Virus Activation; Pancreas; Neurons; Synapses; Glucose
PubMed: 35835995
DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00909-y -
Molecular Metabolism Aug 2023Over the last decades, various approaches have been explored to restore sufficient β-cell mass in diabetic patients. Stem cells are certainly an attractive source of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Over the last decades, various approaches have been explored to restore sufficient β-cell mass in diabetic patients. Stem cells are certainly an attractive source of new β-cells, but an alternative option is to induce the endogenous regeneration of these cells.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
Since the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic glands have a common origin and a continuous crosstalk unites the two, we believe that analyzing the mechanisms that induce pancreatic regeneration in different conditions could further advance our knowledge in the field. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on physiological and pathological conditions associated with the regulation of pancreas regeneration and proliferation, as well as the complex and coordinated signaling cascade mediating cell growth.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Unraveling the mechanisms involved in intracellular signaling and regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and regeneration may inspire future investigations to discover potential strategies to cure diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Regeneration
PubMed: 37321370
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101754 -
Pancreas Oct 2022The "Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases" Workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of...
The "Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases" Workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings. The goal of the workshop was to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into 6 major themes, including (a) Pancreas Anatomy and Physiology; (b) Diabetes in the Setting of Exocrine Disease; (c) Metabolic Influences on the Exocrine Pancreas; (d) Genetic Drivers of Pancreatic Diseases; (e) Tools for Integrated Pancreatic Analysis; and (f) Implications of Exocrine-Endocrine Crosstalk. For each theme, there were multiple presentations followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized herein. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of the normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 37078927
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002170 -
Medical Ultrasonography Aug 2021This paper summarizes the current knowledge of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) in open and laparoscopic ab-dominal surgery. The abdominal IOUS contributes to the... (Review)
Review
This paper summarizes the current knowledge of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) in open and laparoscopic ab-dominal surgery. The abdominal IOUS contributes to the diagnosis and staging (for parenchymal organ tumors), to establish surgical procedure and to guide surgical maneuvers. The main applications are represented by liver, biliary tract and pancreatic pathology. Diagnostic approaches are frequently combined with therapeutic purposes. The technique, equipment, training, benefits and limits of IOUS in abdominal surgery are discussed and cases from our experience are used as examples.
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Laparoscopy; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33626120
DOI: 10.11152/mu-2853 -
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Dec 2021Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly... (Review)
Review
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Homeostasis; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; RNA-Seq; Regenerative Medicine; Single-Cell Analysis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34543699
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2019The pancreas is easily investigated in children thanks to the relative lack of fat tissue and the large left hepatic lobe with an optimal acoustic window. The use of... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is easily investigated in children thanks to the relative lack of fat tissue and the large left hepatic lobe with an optimal acoustic window. The use of high frequency, even linear transducers, usually results in detailed images of all pancreatic areas. A wide spectrum of pancreatic pathologic conditions can be identified and monitored at ultrasound although they are relatively uncommon during childhood compared to the adult. In this paper we briefly review the anatomy, technique, and sonographic aspects of normal and pathological pediatric pancreas.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Child; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Reference Values; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30552664
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0348-8 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2022Most pancreatic tumors are epithelial, and, among these, more than 90% are of ductal origin. However, a variety of mesenchymal tumors may involve the pancreas and may... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Most pancreatic tumors are epithelial, and, among these, more than 90% are of ductal origin. However, a variety of mesenchymal tumors may involve the pancreas and may manifest different clinicopathological characteristics. The literature on mesenchymal tumors in the pancreas is largely limited to individual case reports or analyses of small series, predominantly focusing on radiologic features.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Authors' institutional and consultation databases were reviewed to identify the mesenchymal tumors involving the pancreas.
RESULTS
Forty cases were identified; twenty-five (63%) tumors were benign/borderline, and the remaining fifteen (37%) were malignant. Of the benign/borderline tumors; 9 were solitary fibrous tumors, 6 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 4 schwannomas, 2 desmoid type fibromatosis, 1 lymphangioma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 1 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and 1 low grade mesenchymal neoplasm. Malignant tumors included 6 cases of leiomyosarcomas, 4 liposarcomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 epithelioid angiosarcoma, 1 malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumor, and 1 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Four cases (multicystic schwannoma, desmoid fibromatosis, lymphangioma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor) were preoperatively misdiagnosed as a primary epithelial tumor of the pancreas.
CONCLUSION
Mesenchymal tumors rarely involve the pancreas. They are usually benign/borderline neoplasms but may be diagnostically challenging, especially clinically/radiologically, as they may form cystic and/or large lesions in the pancreas. Mesenchymal tumors should be considered in both the clinical/radiological and pathological differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35001360
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2022.01567 -
Diabetes Apr 2023The Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of... (Review)
Review
The Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report provides a summary of the proceedings from the workshop. The goals of the workshop were to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into six major theme areas, including 1) pancreas anatomy and physiology, 2) diabetes in the setting of exocrine disease, 3) metabolic influences on the exocrine pancreas, 4) genetic drivers of pancreatic diseases, 5) tools for integrated pancreatic analysis, and 6) implications of exocrine-endocrine cross talk. For each theme, multiple presentations were followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized here. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 36940317
DOI: 10.2337/db22-0942 -
Genes Aug 2021Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U). They are currently considered as systemic disorders determined by a set of genetic predispositions, individual susceptibility and environmental triggers, potentially able to involve other organs and systems than the gastrointestinal tract. A large number of patients experiences one or more extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), whose sites affected are mostly represented by the joints, skin, bones, liver, eyes, and pancreas. Pancreatic abnormalities are not uncommon and are often underestimated, encompassing acute and chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and asymptomatic elevation of pancreatic enzymes. In most cases they are the result of environmental triggers. However, several genetic polymorphisms may play a role as precipitating factors or contributing to a more severe course. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated overview on the available evidence concerning the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation of pancreatic diseases in IBD pediatric patients.
Topics: Child; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 34573354
DOI: 10.3390/genes12091372