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Microorganisms Sep 2023Cuban rice cultivars INCA LP-5 and INCA LP-7 are widely distributed in Cuba and Caribbean countries. Although there are studies about rhizospheric bacteria associated...
Cuban rice cultivars INCA LP-5 and INCA LP-7 are widely distributed in Cuba and Caribbean countries. Although there are studies about rhizospheric bacteria associated with these cultivars, there are no reports about their seed-associated bacteria. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from rice seeds and select those with the greatest plant growth-promoting traits. A total of nineteen bacterial strains from the genera , , , and were isolated from the husk and endosperm of rice seeds. The strains sp. S5-1, sp. S5-38, and sp. S7-1 were classified as the most promissory to increase rice growth as they demonstrated the presence of multiple plant growth-promoting traits such as the production of auxins, phosphate, and potassium solubilization, the production of siderophores, and the inhibition of the phytopathogen . The inoculation of strains of sp. and spp. in rice improves the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the shoot and root after 21 days post-inoculation in hydroponic assays. This study constitutes the first report on Cuban rice cultivars about the presence of endophytes in seeds and their potential to promote seedling growth. sp. S5-1, sp. S5-38, and sp. S7-1 were selected as the more promising strains for the development of bio-stimulators or bio-inoculants for Cuban rice crops.
PubMed: 37764161
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092317 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Walnut blight is a serious bacterial disease that affects the yield and quality of walnuts. is one of the main causative agents of walnut blight. However, there have...
INTRODUCTION
Walnut blight is a serious bacterial disease that affects the yield and quality of walnuts. is one of the main causative agents of walnut blight. However, there have been few studies on the response of walnuts to infection.
METHODS
In this study, the soluble sugar, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and secondary metabolites were measured, and the transcriptomic analysis was performed to determine the response of walnut tissue cultures to infection.
RESULTS
After pathogen inoculation, the soluble sugar content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoid) contents increased, especially in the early stages of inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is induced after infection, and pathogen infection promotes ABA and ethylene signal transduction and inhibits auxin signaling. In addition, SA and JA-related gene expression was altered after inoculation with , and the FLS- and calcium-mediated disease resistance signaling pathways were activated. Furthermore, our results suggested an involvement of the R-protein RPM-mediated disease resistance pathway in the response of walnuts to bacterial infections.
DISCUSSION
Our findings indicated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction have key roles in pathogenic inoculation, which provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in the response of walnuts to infection.
PubMed: 38116156
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1294643 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Dec 2022Septic arthritis usually affects native joints and represents an invasion of the joint space by a wide variety of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, such as...
INTRODUCTION
Septic arthritis usually affects native joints and represents an invasion of the joint space by a wide variety of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, such as Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods. An extremely rare case of septic knee arthritis caused by Pantoea agglomerans in a 67-year-old male is presented.
CASE REPORT
The patient was initially treated with arthroscopic debridement, but due to persistent symptomatology open surgical debridement 3 days after initial surgery was also performed. Cultures yielded P. agglomerans and Streptococcus agalactiae. He was commenced on causative antimicrobial treatment including intravenous linezolid, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. He was discharged 10 days later, on oral linezolid and ciprofloxacin for 3 months.
CONCLUSION
Delayed diagnosis in septic arthritis cases and inadequate control of the infection may lead to insufficient treatment and devastating consequences for the patient. The treatment includes surgical debridement and proper antimicrobial agents. Cultures dictate the proper treatment; hence, microbiological examination is of utmost importance, since it may reveal unusual organisms for which empirical treatment may prove insufficient.
PubMed: 37056595
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i12.3468 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2020. , an anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus, is a rare cause of opportunistic infections affecting premature infants to seniors. We present a 34-year-old man who was...
. , an anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus, is a rare cause of opportunistic infections affecting premature infants to seniors. We present a 34-year-old man who was presented for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis and developed bacteremia after one week of hospitalization. . A 34-year-old African-American male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type I and recurrent skin infections was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. He had left upper extremity abscess, preliminary wound cultures were positive for Gram-positive cocci, and an initial set of blood cultures were negative. He was started empirically on vancomycin. One week after admission, he started having chills followed by a recurrent increase in body temperature to 102 degrees Fahrenheit. The wound was healing, without active infection. Chest X-ray and CT scan of abdomen and pelvis to rule out infection were negative. Repeat blood cultures showed in both the tubes. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, and he recovered fully without any complication. . is a bacteria associated with plants; however, it can infect humans and vertebrate animals. The outcome seems favourable with the institution of appropriate antibiotics even in immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 32313708
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7890305 -
The New Phytologist Mar 2020At the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structure - a plant gall - accommodates various... (Review)
Review
At the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structure - a plant gall - accommodates various needs of the foreigner, which are phylogenetically diverse: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, oomycetes, true fungi, parasitic plants, and many types of animals, including rotifers, nematodes, insects, and mites. The plant species that make galls also are diverse. We assume gall production costs the plant. All is well if the foreigner provides a gift that makes up for the cost. Nitrogen-fixing nodule-inducing bacteria provide nutritional services. Gall wasps pollinate fig trees. Unfortunately for plants, most galls are made for foes, some of which are deeply studied pathogens and pests: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhodococcus fascians, Xanthomonas citri, Pseudomonas savastanoi, Pantoea agglomerans, 'Candidatus' phytoplasma, rust fungi, Ustilago smuts, root knot and cyst nematodes, and gall midges. Galls are an understudied phenomenon in plant developmental biology. We propose gall inception for discovering unifying features of the galls that plants make for friends and foes, talk about molecules that plants and gall-inducers use to get what they want from each other, raise the question of whether plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond in a gall-like manner, and present a research agenda.
Topics: Animals; Emigrants and Immigrants; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Plant Tumors; Pseudomonas; Rhodococcus; Xanthomonas
PubMed: 31774564
DOI: 10.1111/nph.16340 -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Feb 2023The phytopathogen belongs to the Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Erwiniaceae in species classification. It causes disease symptoms in...
The phytopathogen belongs to the Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Erwiniaceae in species classification. It causes disease symptoms in many plants such as corn, banana, and walnut. This study aimed to report the complete genome of CHTF15, which represents the first whole-genome sequence of an isolate from diseased walnut leaves. The total length of the assembled genome was 4,820,607 bp, with an average GC content of 55.3%, including a circular chromosome and three circular plasmids, two of which were previously unreported sequences and one was announced previously. The CHTF15 genome helps understand the pathogenic mechanism of this important plant pathogen and provides an important theoretical basis for disease epidemic and field control. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
Topics: Pantoea; Juglans; Plasmids
PubMed: 36693088
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-10-22-0216-A -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Members of the genus are Gram-negative bacteria isolated from various environments. Taxonomic affiliation based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) is used routinely...
Members of the genus are Gram-negative bacteria isolated from various environments. Taxonomic affiliation based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) is used routinely for inferring accurate phylogeny and identification of bacterial species and genera. Partial sequences of five housekeeping genes (A, B, S, B, and G) were extracted from 206 draft or complete genomes of strains publicly available in databases and analyzed together with the representative sequences of the 25 validly published type strains to verify and assess their phylogenetic assignations. Of a total of 159 strains assigned to species level, 11.3% of the non-type strains were incorrectly assigned within suitable species. The highest proportion of misidentified strains was recorded in , 8 out of 15 (53.3%) inaccurate assignations at the species level. One probable reason for this incorrect classification could be the method previously used for strain identification. Forty-seven (22.8%) genome sequences were from strains identified at the genus level only ( sp.). A combination of MLSA, average nucleotide identities [ANI and MuMmer-based ANI (ANIm)], tetranucleotide usage pattern (TETRA), and genome-based DNA-DNA hybridization (gDDH) data was used to accurately assign 25 of the 47 strains to validly published species, while 17 strains could be assigned as putative novel species within the genus . Four genomes designed as sp. were identified as . Positive and significant correlation coefficients were computed between MLSA and all the indices derived from whole-genome sequences being proposed for species delimitation. gDDH exhibited the best correlation with MLSA while TETRA was the worst. Accurate species-level identification is key to a better understanding of bacterial diversity and evolution. The MLSA scheme used here could be instrumental to determine the correct taxonomic status of new whole-genome sequenced strains, especially non-type strains, before depositing into public databases.
PubMed: 31736906
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02463 -
Plant Disease Nov 2023Nearly 5,400 hectares of long-day onions () are cultivated in the Central Zone of Chile (UTM 33°3´S to 37°24´S). During summer 2021-22 and 2022-23 (December to...
Nearly 5,400 hectares of long-day onions () are cultivated in the Central Zone of Chile (UTM 33°3´S to 37°24´S). During summer 2021-22 and 2022-23 (December to February), followed by high temperatures (around 35°C) and high humidity conditions, symptoms showing yellowing, soft rot, blight on old leaves, necrotic tips, and soft bulbs were observed. The affected plants were observed in "spots" into the fields, and the incidence reached 5-10%. The severity was high, and 70-80% of the affected plants died. Symptomatic plants from different fields from the Coquimbo, Metropolitan, O´Higgins and Maule regions were sampled. Isolations were made using casamino-acid peptone glucose (CPG) agar medium (Schaad, 2001). Yellow-pigmented, circular to irregular shaped colonies were observed. Molecular identification was carried out by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, resulting in the identification of 18 isolates of spp. from twelve different fields. Selected strains were biochemically analyzed using the GEN III BIOLOG microtest system (Hayward, CA) and were identified as spp. BLAST analyses of the 16S rRNA sequences (602 nt) of selected strains (GenBank Accession No. OR527817 to OR527819) against the NCBI Database resulted in the identification of species with 100% coverage and 100% identity. To determine the species of each strain, housekeeping gene (Delétoile et al. 2009) was amplified and sequenced (GenBank Accessions No. OR544061 to OR544063). BLAST analysis (802 nt) of selected strains resulted in 100% coverage and 100% identity, identifying three different species: , , and . species were isolated from both leaves and bulbs and no more than one species was observed per field. Pathogenicity assays in onion plants and bulbs were performed based on the methodology described by Asselin et al. (2018). Five onion plants cv. Cimarron of thirteen-week-old were inoculated by wounding an external leave with a sterile toothpick previously immersed in a bacterial suspension at ~ 108 CFU/mL and maintained at 26-28°C for 30 days in high humidity conditions. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. Plants inoculated with spp. showed chlorosis, soft rot, and necrosis mainly in older leaves, as observed in the field, while negative control plants remained healthy. Pantoea spp. were re-isolated from the inoculated onion plants. Toothpicks dipped in the inoculum were stuck 4 cm into the shoulders of onion bulbs and incubated at 26°C for 20 days. Water was inoculated as a negative control. At the end of the incubation period, the bulbs were opened longitudinally across their inoculation sites and shrunken, brownish, watery scales were observed. species have been previously described as causing leaf blight of onions in Georgia and Michigan in the USA and South Africa, Brazil, and Uruguay (Hattingh and Walters 1981; Gitaitis and Gay 1997; Edens et al. 2006; Tho et al. 2015; De Armas et al. 2022; Rosende et al. 2022). was recently reported in Chile (Sepúlveda et al. 2023), but this is the first report of and affecting onions in central Chile. This detection is an alert call for the onion's growers and exporters in Chile for upcoming seasons, where conditions predisposing to disease may continue to occur. It is crucial to continue analyzing the factors that caused the appearance of this new disease in onions.
PubMed: 37990524
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-23-1884-PDN -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023As the name of the genus ("of all sorts and sources") suggests, this genus includes bacteria with a wide range of provenances, including plants, animals, soils,...
As the name of the genus ("of all sorts and sources") suggests, this genus includes bacteria with a wide range of provenances, including plants, animals, soils, components of the water cycle, and humans. Some members of the genus are pathogenic to plants, and some are suspected to be opportunistic human pathogens; while others are used as microbial pesticides or show promise in biotechnological applications. During its taxonomic history, the genus and its species have seen many revisions. However, evolutionary and comparative genomics studies have started to provide a solid foundation for a more stable taxonomy. To move further toward this goal, we have built a 2,509-gene core genome tree of 437 public genome sequences representing the currently known diversity of the genus . Clades were evaluated for being evolutionarily and ecologically significant by determining bootstrap support, gene content differences, and recent recombination events. These results were then integrated with genome metadata, published literature, descriptions of named species with standing in nomenclature, and circumscriptions of yet-unnamed species clusters, 15 of which we assigned names under the nascent SeqCode. Finally, genome-based circumscriptions and descriptions of each species and each significant genetic lineage within species were uploaded to the LINbase Web server so that newly sequenced genomes of isolates belonging to any of these groups could be precisely and accurately identified.
PubMed: 38029109
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254999 -
Molecular Plant Pathology Nov 2019Pantoea agglomerans (Pa), a widespread commensal bacterium, has evolved into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen on gypsophila and beet by acquiring a plasmid...
Pantoea agglomerans (Pa), a widespread commensal bacterium, has evolved into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen on gypsophila and beet by acquiring a plasmid harbouring a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effectors (T3Es). Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) elicits galls on beet and gypsophila. HsvG and HsvB are two paralogous T3Es present in both pathovars and act as host-specific transcription activators on gypsophila and beet, respectively. PthG and PseB are major T3Es that contribute to gall development of Pag and Pab, respectively. To establish the minimal combinations of T3Es that are sufficient to elicit gall symptoms, strains of the nonpathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 55, Pa 3-1, Pa 98 and Escherichia coli, transformed with pHIR11 harbouring a T3SS, and the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia amylovora, Dickeya solani and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were transformed with the T3Es hsvG, hsvB, pthG and pseB, either individually or in pairs, and used to infect gypsophila and beet. Strikingly, all the tested nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacterial strains harbouring hsvG and pthG incited galls on gypsophila, whereas strains harbouring hsvB and pseB, with the exception of E. coli, incited galls on beet.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Secretion Systems; Beta vulgaris; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Pantoea; Plant Tumors
PubMed: 31368647
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12860