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Translational Animal Science Oct 2022Mitigation options to reduce the risk of foreign animal disease entry into the United States may lead to degradation of some vitamins. The objective of Exp. 1 was to...
Mitigation options to reduce the risk of foreign animal disease entry into the United States may lead to degradation of some vitamins. The objective of Exp. 1 was to determine the impact of 0, 30, 60, or 90 d storage time on water-soluble vitamin (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and cobalamin) stability when vitamin premix (VP) and vitamin trace mineral premix (VTM) were blended with 1% inclusion of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) (1:1:1 blend of C6:C8:C10) or mineral oil (MO) with different environmental conditions. Samples stored at room temperature (RT) (approximately 22 °C) or in an environmentally controlled chamber set at 40 °C and 75% humidity, high temperature high humidity (HTHH). The sample bags were pulled out at day 0, 30, 60, and 90 for RT condition and HTHH condition. Therefore, treatments were analyzed as a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial, with two premix types (vitamin premix vs. VTM), two oil types (MO vs. MCFA), two storage conditions (RT vs. HTHH), and three time points (day 30, 60, and 90). The objective of Exp. 2 was to determine the effect of heat pulse treatment and MCFA addition on water-soluble vitamin (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and cobalamin) stability with two premix types. A sample from each treatment was heated at 60 °C and 20% humidity. Therefore, treatments were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial, with two premix types (VP vs. VTM) and two oil types (MO vs. MCFA). For Exp. 1, the following effects were significant for riboflavin: main effect of premix type ( 0.0001), storage condition ( 0.015), and storage time ( 0.0001); for pantothenic acid: premix type × storage time × storage condition ( 0.003) and premix type × oil type ( 0.0001) interactions; and for cobalamin: premix type × storage condition ( 0.0001) and storage time × storage condition ( 0.0001) interactions and main effect of oil type ( 0.018). The results of Exp. 2 demonstrated that there was an interaction between oil type and premix type for only pantothenic acid ( 0.021). The oil type did not affect the stability of riboflavin, niacin, or cobalamin and pantothenic acid stability was not different within similar premixes. The only difference in water-soluble vitamin stability between VP and VTM was for pantothenic acid ( 0.001). The results of this experiment demonstrated that the stability of water soluble vitamins are dependent on the vitamin of interest and the conditions at which it is stored.
PubMed: 36381950
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac135 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Linalool showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, but few studies have elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of linalool on () to date. The present study aimed to...
Linalool showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, but few studies have elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of linalool on () to date. The present study aimed to uncover the antimicrobial activity and potential mechanism of linalool against by determining key enzyme activities and metabolites combined with a high-throughput method and metabolomic pathway analysis. As a result, linalool had excellent inhibitory activity against with MIC of 1.5 mL/L. In addition, the presence of linalool significantly altered the intracellular metabolic profile and a total of 346 differential metabolites were identified, of which 201 were up-regulated and 145 were down-regulated. The highlight pathways included beta-alanine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Overall, linalool could cause metabolic disorders in cells, and the main metabolic pathways involved energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. In particular, the results of intracellular ATP content and related enzymatic activities (ATPase, SDH, and GOT) also highlighted that energy limitation and amino acid disturbance occurred intracellularly. Together, these findings provided new insights into the mechanism by which linalool inhibited and theoretical guidance for its development as a natural preservative.
Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Aspartic Acid; Coenzyme A; Glutamates; Humans; Metabolomics; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nucleic Acids; Pantothenic Acid; Pseudomonas fragi; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 36232887
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911586 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Folates are required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymine, methionine, glycine, and pantothenic acid, key metabolites that bacterial cells cannot survive without....
Folates are required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymine, methionine, glycine, and pantothenic acid, key metabolites that bacterial cells cannot survive without. Sulfonamides, which inhibit bacterial folate biosynthesis and are generally considered as bacteriostats, have been extensively used as broad-spectrum antimicrobials for decades. Here we show that, deleting in and other bacterial species converted sulfamethoxazole from a bacteriostat into a bactericide. Not as previously assumed, the bactericidal effect of SMX was not caused by thymine deficiency. When ∆ was treated with SMX, reactive oxygen species and ferrous ion accumulated inside the bacterial cells, which caused extensive DNA double-strand breaks without the involvement of incomplete base excision repair. In addition, sulfamethoxazole showed bactericidal effect against O157 ∆ in mice, suggesting the possibility of designing new potentiators for sulfonamides targeting RelA. Thus, our study uncovered the previously unknown bactericidal effects of sulfonamides, which advances our understanding of their mechanisms of action, and will facilitate the designing of new potentiators for them.
PubMed: 34646242
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698468 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Dec 2022Pantothenic acid deficiency (PAD) in animals causes growth depression, fasting hypoglycemia and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. However, a systematic multi-omics...
Pantothenic acid deficiency (PAD) in animals causes growth depression, fasting hypoglycemia and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. However, a systematic multi-omics analysis of effects of PAD on hepatic function has apparently not been reported. We investigated liver proteome and metabolome changes induced by PAD to explain its effects on growth and liver metabolic disorders. Pekin ducks (1-d-old, = 128) were allocated into 2 groups, with 8 replicates and 8 birds per replicate. For 16 d, all ducks had ad libitum access to either a PAD or a pantothenic acid adequate (control, CON) diet, formulated by supplementing a basal diet with 0 or 8 mg pantothenic acid/kg of diet, respectively. Liver enlargement, elevated liver glycogen concentrations and decreased liver concentrations of triglyceride and unsaturated fatty acids were present in the PAD group compared to the CON group. Based on integrated liver proteomics and metabolomics, PAD mainly affected glycogen synthesis and degradation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, fatty acid beta oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Selected proteins were confirmed by Western blotting. Downregulation of proteins and metabolites involved in glycogen synthesis and degradation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis implied that these processes were impaired in PAD ducks, which could have contributed to fasting hypoglycemia, liver glycogen storage, insufficient ATP production, and growth retardation. In contrast, PAD also upregulated proteins and metabolites involved in fatty acid beta oxidation, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation processes in the liver; presumably compensatory responses to produce ATP. We inferred that PAD decreased liver triglyceride and unsaturated fatty acids by activating fatty acid beta oxidation and impairing unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. These findings contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of PAD-induced changes in hepatic metabolism.
PubMed: 35950191
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.03.008 -
Poultry Science Sep 2020An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant...
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant status of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age and to evaluate the requirement of this vitamin for growing ducks. Different levels pantothenic acid (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg) were supplemented to a corn-soy isolate protein basal diet to produce 6 dietary treatments with different analyzed total pantothenic acid levels (4.52, 6.44, 8.37, 9.88, 12.32, and 14.61 mg/kg). A total of 240 15-day-old male white Pekin ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen. At 42 D of age, growth performance, carcass traits, tissue pantothenic acid concentrations, and antioxidant status of white Pekin ducks were examined. Significant effects of dietary pantothenic acid on BW, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma, and liver pantothenic acid concentrations were observed (P < 0.05) but not carcass traits. The growing ducks fed the basal diet without pantothenic acid supplementation had the lowest BW, ADG, plasma, and liver pantothenic acid content among all ducks (P < 0.05). In addition, the ducks fed the basal diet without pantothenic acid supplementation showed the lowest antioxidant capacity indicated by greatest plasma malondialdehyde content and lowest liver total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). And, these criteria responded linearly as dietary pantothenic acid levels increased (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary pantothenic acid supplementation improved growth performance and antioxidant status of the growing ducks. In accordance with the broken-line model, the pantothenic acid requirements (based on dietary total pantothenic acid) of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age for BW, ADG, and plasma and liver pantothenic acid contents were 10.18, 10.27, 12.06, and 10.79 mg/kg, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Ducks; Enzyme Activation; Growth; Male; Oxidoreductases; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32867987
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.021 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes substantial morbidity and mortality. Recently, various 'omics platforms have provided insight into the molecular basis... (Review)
Review
Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes substantial morbidity and mortality. Recently, various 'omics platforms have provided insight into the molecular basis of kidney dysfunction. This scoping review is a synthesis of the current literature on the use of different 'omics platforms to identify biomarkers that could be used to detect early-stage CKD, predict disease progression, and identify pathways leading to CKD. This review includes 123 articles published from January 2007 to May 2021, following a structured selection process. The most common type of 'omic platform was proteomics, appearing in 55 of the studies and two of these included a metabolomics component. Most studies ( = 91) reported on CKD associated with diabetes mellitus. Thirteen studies that provided information on the biomarkers associated with CKD and explored potential pathways involved in CKD are discussed. The biomarkers that are associated with risk or early detection of CKD are SNPs in the and genes, the proteomic CKD273 biomarker panel and metabolite pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid and the CKD273 biomarker panel were also involved in predicting CKD progression. Retinoic acid pathway genes, , and pantothenic acid provided insight into potential pathways leading to CKD. The biomarkers were mainly used to detect CKD and predict progression in high-income, European ancestry populations, highlighting the need for representative 'omics research in other populations with disparate socio-economic strata, including Africans, since disease etiologies may differ across ethnic groups. To assess the transferability of findings, it is essential to do research in diverse populations.
PubMed: 34819944
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.682929 -
ISME Communications Oct 2022Benthic organisms are the architectural framework supporting coral reef ecosystems, but their community composition has recently shifted on many reefs. Little is known...
Benthic organisms are the architectural framework supporting coral reef ecosystems, but their community composition has recently shifted on many reefs. Little is known about the metabolites released from these benthic organisms and how compositional shifts may influence other reef life, including prolific microorganisms. To investigate the metabolite composition of benthic exudates and their ecological significance for reef microbial communities, we harvested exudates from six species of Caribbean benthic organisms including stony corals, octocorals, and an invasive encrusting alga, and subjected these exudates to untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubations with reef seawater microorganisms were conducted to monitor changes in microbial abundances and community composition using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing in relation to exudate source and three specific metabolites. Exudates were enriched in amino acids, nucleosides, vitamins, and indole-based metabolites, showing that benthic organisms contribute labile organic matter to reefs. Furthermore, exudate compositions were species-specific, and riboflavin and pantothenic acid emerged as significant coral-produced metabolites, while caffeine emerged as a significant invasive algal-produced metabolite. Microbial abundances and individual microbial taxa responded differently to exudates from stony corals and octocorals, demonstrating that exudate mixtures released from different coral species select for specific bacteria. In contrast, microbial communities did not respond to individual additions of riboflavin, pantothenic acid, or caffeine. This work indicates that recent shifts in benthic organisms alter exudate composition and likely impact microbial communities on coral reefs.
PubMed: 37938276
DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00184-7 -
Nutrients Aug 2022Weight loss improves the liver pathophysiological status of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, there are few studies that investigate the...
Weight loss improves the liver pathophysiological status of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, there are few studies that investigate the accurate relationships between nutritional intake and disease progression in NAFLD patients. A total of 37 biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patients were enrolled in this study. Clinical and nutritional control data of 5074 persons were obtained from the National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Each NAFLD subject recorded dietary intake for seven consecutive days using a dietary questionnaire and photographs of each meal. A dietitian analyzed and quantified the nutritional data in each patient. We further analyzed the nutritional intake of NAFLD patients in three groups according to the following criteria: (1) liver fibrosis degree (advanced, early), (2) gender (male, female), and (3) body mass index (BMI) (high, low). Excesses or deficiencies of multiple nutrients were found in NAFLD patients compared with control subjects. In addition, there were variations in nutritional intake. (1) The intake of vitamins A, B, and E, pantothenic acid, soluble dietary fiber, and salt was lower in the advanced fibrosis group than in the early fibrosis group. (2) Fat intake was higher in male patients, and dietary fiber intake was lower in both male and female patients compared with control subjects. (3) Saturated fatty acid intake was higher, and copper and vitamin E intakes were lower in patients with high BMI than with low BMI. Our study demonstrates that differences were found in some nutrient intake of NAFLD patients and controls and according to the severity of the conditions (liver fibrosis degree, BMI).
Topics: Biopsy; Dietary Fiber; Eating; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36079715
DOI: 10.3390/nu14173453 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2022Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary site of adaptive thermogenesis, which is involved in energy expenditure and has received much attention in the field of obesity...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary site of adaptive thermogenesis, which is involved in energy expenditure and has received much attention in the field of obesity treatment. By screening a small-molecule compound library of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, pantothenic acid was identified as being able to significantly upregulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key thermogenic protein found in BAT. Pantothenate (PA) treatment decreased adiposity, reversed hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose homeostasis by increasing energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. PA also significantly increased BAT activity and induced beige adipocytes formation. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects were mediated by UCP1 because PA treatment was unable to ameliorate obesity in UCP1 knockout mice. In conclusion, we identified PA as an effective BAT activator that can prevent obesity and may represent a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. PA treatment effectively and safely protected against obesity via the BAT-UCP1 axis. PA has therapeutic potential for treating obesity and type II diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Energy Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Thermogenesis; Uncoupling Protein 1
PubMed: 35575231
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00293.2021 -
Nutrients Jan 2023The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding...
The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding of the cross-talk between the gut and liver, effective therapeutic targets are largely unknown. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) may bridge the cross-talk between the gut and liver. FFAR4 has received considerable attention due to its important role in lipid metabolism. However, the role of FFAR4 in this cross talk in NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, mice with high endogenous -3 PUFAs but FFAR4 deficiency were generated by crossbreeding Fat-1 and FFAR4 knockout mice. FFAR4 deficiency blocked the protective effects of high endogenous -3 PUFAs on intestinal barrier dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. In addition, FFAR4 deficiency decreased gut microbiota diversity and enriched , , and , and reduced , , , , , , and . Notably, FFAR4 deficiency co-regulated pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, β-alanine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways in the gut and liver, potentially associated with the aggravation of NAFLD. Together, the beneficial effects of -3 PUFAs on the gut and liver were mediated by FFAR4, providing insights on the role of FFAR4 in the treatment of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 36771292
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030586