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Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023As a rare zoonotic helminth disease, paragonimiasis is easy to be misdiagnosed. Adequate attention to the medical history of the patient and early detection of...
As a rare zoonotic helminth disease, paragonimiasis is easy to be misdiagnosed. Adequate attention to the medical history of the patient and early detection of serological antibodies can improve the diagnosis rate. Praziquantel and trichlorobendazole are commonly used for treatment, and the prognosis is good. This case report mainly introduces the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of paragonimiasis, with an aim to draw the attention of doctors to the disease.
PubMed: 37197157
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101847 -
Acta Parasitologica Mar 2022To perform environmental sampling and molecular identification of Paragonimus in endemic regions, which may help in minimizing transmission among humans.
PURPOSE
To perform environmental sampling and molecular identification of Paragonimus in endemic regions, which may help in minimizing transmission among humans.
METHODS
Mountain crabs from the genus Potamiscus were collected and the encysted metacercariae were extracted and subjected to morphological identification, followed by animal inoculation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. After 112 days of infection, animals were killed and adult worms were extracted from lungs and muscles. The morphology of adult worms was characterized by microscopy and molecular identification was done by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing of cox1 and ITS2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis was done by maximum parsimony method.
RESULTS
A total of 447 crabs were captured from the streams of Tongchang Town, Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China. The infection rate was found to be 41% (186 out of 447 crabs). The metacercariae of Paragonimus skrjabini was identified by the characteristics round or spherical encysted form measuring 410 to 460 × 400 to 460 µm. After animal infection in SD rats, adults were presumptively confirmed to be P. skrjabini, which was also confirmed by gene amplification and sequence analysis of cox1 and ITS2 regions. Paragonimus skrjabini clustered with previously reported P. skrjabini from Yunnan and Vietnam. The confidence values of their branches were > 95%. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 region revealed two distinct clusters with distinct geographical grouping. Phylogenetic analysis with the combined data sets reiterated the geographical grouping with P. skrjabini from Yunnan clustering with strains from Vietnam.
CONCLUSION
Metacercariae of P. skrjabini was discovered in freshwater crabs in Yunnan province, China, and the strains were phylogenetically related to P. skrjabini from Vietnam.
Topics: Animals; China; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Phylogeny; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 34417714
DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00461-w -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Jul 2024Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease primarily contracted through consumption of undercooked freshwater crustaceans or wild boar meat. Large-scale nationwide...
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease primarily contracted through consumption of undercooked freshwater crustaceans or wild boar meat. Large-scale nationwide epidemiological data on paragonimiasis are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiology of hospitalized patients with paragonimiasis in Japan using a comprehensive nationwide Japanese administrative database.
METHODS
We evaluated the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data of patients diagnosed with pulmonary paragonimiasis between April 1, 2012 and March 30, 2020. The patients' address and information, including age, sex, treatment (medication: praziquantel; surgery: open thoracotomy or intracranial mass extirpation), Japan coma scale, comorbidities, and length of hospital stay, were extracted.
RESULTS
Of the 49.6 million hospitalized patients, data were extracted on 73 patients with paragonimiasis, of whom 36 were male and 37 were female. The mean age was 49.7 years and the mean length of stay was 12.5 days. The most frequent comorbidity was pleural effusion (31.5 %), followed by pneumothorax (13.7 %). The sites of ectopic paragonimiasis in organs other than the lung included the liver (5.5 %), skin (4.1 %), and brain (2.7 %). Geographically, most patients were from the Kyushu region (54.8 %), followed by the Kanto region (22.0 %). Fukuoka Prefecture had the highest number of patients (22.0 %) by prefecture. During the study period, an average of 9.1 patients/year were hospitalized with lung paragonimiasis in Japan.
CONCLUSION
Paragonimiasis has not completely disappeared in Japan; thus, physicians should be aware of paragonimiasis in the Kyushu region, especially in the Fukuoka Prefecture.
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Japan; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Databases, Factual; Aged; Length of Stay; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Young Adult; Hospitalization; Praziquantel; Adolescent; Animals; Comorbidity; East Asian People
PubMed: 38219980
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.01.005 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Aug 2020An asymptomatic 47-year-old woman was admitted with pleural effusion and pulmonary infiltrates 1 month after ingesting raw wild boar and deer meat. Both her blood and...
An asymptomatic 47-year-old woman was admitted with pleural effusion and pulmonary infiltrates 1 month after ingesting raw wild boar and deer meat. Both her blood and pleural fluid were eosinophilic. Thoracoscopy revealed multiple nodules of the pleura, and biopsy samples of the nodules showed necrosis with epithelioid cell granulomas. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive for antibodies against Paragonimus westermani, and the patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. This is the first reported case of pulmonary or pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis where several pleural nodules were observed. The detection of pleural nodules on thoracoscopy can contribute to the prompt and accurate diagnosis of paragonimiasis.
Topics: Animals; Deer; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Meat; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Pleura; Pleural Effusion; Praziquantel; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sus scrofa; Thoracoscopy
PubMed: 32350198
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4457-20 -
International Journal of Infectious... Oct 2023Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis...
OBJECTIVES
Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis and treatment course of EPE caused by lung fluke infection and put forward a practical diagnosis approach.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases of EPE caused by lung fluke infection diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies or egg detection.
RESULTS
All patients (100%) with an absolute count of eosinophils in peripheral blood exceeded 0.5 × 10/l, and 10 patients (71.4%) had a history of special ingestion. Eosinophilic PE occurred in 11 patients (78.6%), pleural biopsy of medical thoracoscopic demonstrated eosinophils infiltration in nine patients (64.3%), and parasite eggs in one patient. All patients showed positive intradermal tests for Paragonimus-specific antigens and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies to Paragonimus.
CONCLUSION
For patients with unexplained PE, lung fluke infection should be highly suspected when pleural fluid or pleural biopsy shows eosinophilic PE or eosinophils infiltration, especially for patients with certain diet history.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Pleural Effusion; Paragonimiasis; Eosinophilia; Paragonimus; Antibodies; Lung
PubMed: 37507085
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.013 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2022Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Japan; Mustelidae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Raccoon Dogs
PubMed: 35110459
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0573 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) May 2024
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Omentum; Male; Animals
PubMed: 37813612
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2543-23 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Dec 2019Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus . Although the most common site of infection is the pleuropulmonary area, the...
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus . Although the most common site of infection is the pleuropulmonary area, the parasite can also reach other parts of the body on its journey from the intestines to the lungs, ending up in locations such as the brain, abdomen, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. Ectopic paragonimiasis is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of this disease.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we report a rare case of simultaneous breast and pulmonary paragonimiasis in a woman presenting painless breast mass and lung nodule with a history of eating raw trout. To confirm the diagnosis, serologic testing and tissue confirmation of the breast mass were performed. The patient was treated with surgical resection of the mass and praziquantel medication.
CONCLUSION
Ectopic paragonimiasis is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of this disease. Thus, thorough history-taking and clinical suspicion of parasitic infection are important.
PubMed: 31911910
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4292 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jul 2023Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this...
Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this parasitosis in humans do not exist in Central America. The objective of the present study was to use recombinant Paragonimus westermani cysteine protease 7 to standardize an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Paragonimus spp. Human sera positive for P. westermani, P. mexicanus, or Paragonimus spp., human sera infected with other helminths, as well as sera of healthy humans without parasitic infections, were analyzed. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 92.9%, and the specificity was 91.9%. This report is the first to describe the development of an ELISA for the diagnosis of Paragonimus spp. in Costa Rica and Central America. Using this ELISA in the health system of Costa Rica is recommended to detect infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Cysteine Proteases; Paragonimus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Costa Rica
PubMed: 37253437
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0452 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Sep 2021Paragonimiasis, the disease caused by , is transmitted primarily by freshwater crabs in the Philippines. Human infection has been recorded, but there is a dearth of...
Paragonimiasis, the disease caused by , is transmitted primarily by freshwater crabs in the Philippines. Human infection has been recorded, but there is a dearth of published information on the extent of infection in animal reservoirs, particularly in crabs and snails. This study aimed to investigate the infection status and risk factors of in freshwater crabs and melaniid snails collected in an endemic village along Cadacan River in Irosin, Sorsogon, where human cases of paragonimiasis were previously reported. A total of 246 freshwater crabs (118 females, 128 males) were dissected, and the gills, muscles, gonads, and viscera were examined for the presence of metacercariae; of which, 41.87% were found infected. The metacercariae were recovered from the gills (100%) and muscle tissues (7.3%) of infected crabs. Male crabs were more likely to be infected (49.22%) than female crabs (33.90%) ( < 0.05). Moreover, 70.87% of crabs showed low parasite intensity levels at ≤ 30 metacercariae/g tissue. A negative weak correlation was observed between parasite intensity and crab weight and carapace length, i.e., highly infected crabs were found to be smaller in size. Meanwhile, only 12% of the 150 melaniid snails collected were positive with cercariae with and as the most infected species. Household survey conducted revealed that some knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the locals contribute to the sustained transmission of the parasite in this endemic area. These findings revealed that is still prevalent among intermediate hosts and that some social and environmental factors contributed to the sustained parasite transmission in this endemic community.
PubMed: 34475643
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01340-3