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Genes Apr 2024Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) represent a promising biomarker of various pathological and physiological conditions. Since its discovery in 1948, cf-NAs gained... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) represent a promising biomarker of various pathological and physiological conditions. Since its discovery in 1948, cf-NAs gained prognostic value in oncology, immunology, and other relevant fields. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), blood purification is performed by exposing the peritoneal membrane. Relevant sections: Complications of PD such as acute peritonitis and peritoneal membrane aging are often critical in PD patient management. In this review, we focused on bacterial DNA, cell-free DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and their potential uses as biomarkers for monitoring PD and its complications. For instance, the isolation of bacterial DNA in early acute peritonitis allows bacterial identification and subsequent therapy implementation. Cell-free DNA in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) represents a marker of stress of the peritoneal membrane in both acute and chronic PD complications. Moreover, miRNA are promising hallmarks of peritoneal membrane remodeling and aging, even before its manifestation. In this scenario, with multiple cytokines involved, mtDNA could be considered equally meaningful to determine tissue inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
This review explores the relevance of cf-NAs in PD, demonstrating its promising role for both diagnosis and treatment. Further studies are necessary to implement the use of cf-NAs in PD clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Peritoneal Dialysis; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; DNA, Mitochondrial; Biomarkers; MicroRNAs; DNA, Bacterial; Peritonitis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 38790182
DOI: 10.3390/genes15050553 -
Biomolecules Sep 2020Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. There is no cure for CKD, and patients may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. There is no cure for CKD, and patients may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a current replacement therapy option for ESRD patients until renal transplantation can be achieved. One important problem in long-term PD patients is peritoneal membrane failure. The mechanisms involved in peritoneal damage include activation of the inflammatory and immune responses, associated with submesothelial immune infiltrates, angiogenesis, loss of the mesothelial layer due to cell death and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, and collagen accumulation in the submesothelial compact zone. These processes lead to fibrosis and loss of peritoneal membrane function. Peritoneal inflammation and membrane failure are strongly associated with additional problems in PD patients, mainly with a very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the inflammatory mediators involved in peritoneal damage, cytokine IL-17A has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases, including CKD. Although IL-17A is the hallmark cytokine of Th17 immune cells, many other cells can also produce or secrete IL-17A. In the peritoneum of PD patients, IL-17A-secreting cells comprise Th17 cells, γδ T cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. Experimental studies demonstrated that IL-17A blockade ameliorated peritoneal damage caused by exposure to PD fluids. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances on the role of IL-17A in peritoneal membrane injury during PD and other PD-associated complications.
Topics: Dialysis Solutions; Fibrosis; Humans; Interleukin-17; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 32987705
DOI: 10.3390/biom10101361 -
Annals of Medicine 2023The present study aims to investigate the clinical and histopathological features of peritoneal endometriosis (PEM) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to investigate the clinical and histopathological features of peritoneal endometriosis (PEM) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).
METHODS
A total of 100 patients with PEM and DIE admitted to Dalian Women and Children's Hospital/Dalian Women and Children's Medical Center between October 2018 and December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. One hundred and thirty-one PEM specimens and 37 DIE were collected, 22 cases of these patients' eutopic endometrium were used as control (15 in PEM, seven in DIE). The present study mainly analysed the pelvic distribution, the histopathological and immunohistochemical features and peritoneal invasion of PEM and DIE.
RESULTS
The main distribution of PEM and DIE was located in the posterior pelvic cavity ( < .001). The histopathological characteristics of different PEM forms were different: the contents of endometrioid glands, endometrioid stroma, smooth muscle, fibrous tissue and blood vessels in different lesions were statistically significant (all < .050). Estrogen receptor (ER) of PEM and DIE was highly expressed in endometrioid glandular epithelium and endometrioid stroma, without statistical significance ( = .330/.113). Progesterone receptor (PR) was also highly expressed in endometrioid glandular epithelium and endometrioid stroma without statistical significance ( = .757/.798). Ki-67 expression of DIE in endometrioid glandular epithelium was significantly higher than that in brown and white lesions ( < .001), while its expression in the endometrioid stroma was not statistically significant in red lesions ( = .070), but higher than that in other PEM lesions ( < .001). Different morphological lesions had different invasiveness rates and depths of invasion to the peritoneum. White lesions had a deeper subperitoneal invasion level than transparent and vesicular lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Although different morphological appearance of PEM is a degenerative process, some active brown lesions of PEM have invasive effects during the process and may further develop into DIE. PEM and DIE may be different developmental stages of the same disease.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Peritoneum; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Hospitalization
PubMed: 37624743
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2244877 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Ovarian cancer metastasis occurs primarily in the peritoneal cavity. Orchestration of cancer cells with various cell types, particularly macrophages, in the peritoneal... (Review)
Review
Ovarian cancer metastasis occurs primarily in the peritoneal cavity. Orchestration of cancer cells with various cell types, particularly macrophages, in the peritoneal cavity creates a metastasis-favorable environment. In the past decade, macrophage heterogeneities in different organs as well as their diverse roles in tumor settings have been an emerging field. This review highlights the unique microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity, consisting of the peritoneal fluid, peritoneum, and omentum, as well as their own resident macrophage populations. Contributions of resident macrophages in ovarian cancer metastasis are summarized; potential therapeutic strategies by targeting such cells are discussed. A better understanding of the immunological microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity will provide a stepping-stone to new strategies for developing macrophage-based therapies and is a key step toward the unattainable eradication of intraperitoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer.
Topics: Humans; Female; Peritoneal Cavity; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Omentum; Macrophages; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37180125
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104694 -
Molecular Oncology Jan 2024Peritoneal dissemination of cancer affects patient survival. The behavior of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) and immune cells influences the establishment of a...
Peritoneal dissemination of cancer affects patient survival. The behavior of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) and immune cells influences the establishment of a microenvironment that promotes cancer cell metastasis in the peritoneum. Here, we investigated the roles of lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3G5; also known as ST3GAL5 and GM3 synthase) in the exosome-mediated premetastatic niche in peritoneal milky spots (MSs). Exosomes secreted from ST3G5 cancer cells (ST3G5 -cExos) were found to contain high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and accumulated in MSs via uptake in macrophages (MΦs) owing to increased expression of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (CD169; also known as SIGLEC1). ST3G5 -cExos induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and glucose metabolic changes in MΦs, and the interaction of these MΦs with PMCs promoted mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) in PMCs, thereby generating αSMA myofibroblasts. ST3G5 -cExos also increased the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and T-cell exhaustion in MSs, which accelerated metastasis to the omentum. These events were prevented following ST3G5 depletion in cancer cells. Mechanistically, ST3G5 -cExos upregulated chemokines, including CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), in recipient MΦs and dendritic cells (DCs), which induced MMT and immunosuppression via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Maraviroc, a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist, prevented ST3G5 -cExo-mediated MMT, T-cell suppression, and metastasis in MSs. Our results suggest ST3G5 as a suitable therapeutic target for preventing cExo-mediated peritoneal dissemination.
Topics: Humans; Peritoneum; Exosomes; Cell Communication; Biological Transport; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37716915
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13524 -
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis Dec 2023Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a frequent manifestation of advanced abdominal malignancies. Accurately assessing the extent of PM before surgery is essential for patients...
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a frequent manifestation of advanced abdominal malignancies. Accurately assessing the extent of PM before surgery is essential for patients to receive optimal treatment. Therefore, we propose to construct a deep learning (DL) model based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) images to stage PM preoperatively in patients. All 168 patients with PM underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT before either open surgery or laparoscopic exploration, and peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was used to evaluate patients during the surgical procedure. DL features were extracted from portal venous-phase abdominal CT scans and subjected to feature selection using the Spearman correlation coefficient and LASSO. The performance of models for preoperative staging was assessed in the validation cohort and compared against models based on clinical and radiomics (Rad) signature. The DenseNet121-SVM model demonstrated strong patient discrimination in both the training and validation cohorts, achieving AUC was 0.996 in training and 0.951 validation cohort, which were both higher than those of the Clinic model and Rad model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that patients could potentially benefit more from treatment using the DL-SVM model, and calibration curves demonstrated good agreement with actual outcomes. The DL model based on portal venous-phase abdominal CT accurately predicts the extent of PM in patients before surgery, which can help maximize the benefits of treatment and optimize the patient's treatment plan.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37798391
DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10235-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Sodium overload is common in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality that is traditionally considered a result of... (Review)
Review
Sodium overload is common in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality that is traditionally considered a result of extracellular volume expansion. Recently, sodium storage was detected by Na23 magnetic resonance imaging in the interstitial tissue of the skin and other tissues. This amount of sodium is osmotically active, regulated by immune cells and the lymphatic system, escapes renal control, and, more importantly, is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. In chronic kidney disease, the interstitial sodium storage increases as the glomerular filtration rate declines and is related to cardiovascular damage, regardless of the fluid overload. This sodium accumulation in the interstitial tissues becomes more significant in ESKD, especially in older and African American patients. The possible negative effects of interstitial sodium are still under study, though a higher sodium intake might induce abnormal structural and functional changes in the peritoneal wall. Interestingly, sodium stored in the interstial tissue is not unmodifiable, since it is removable by dialysis. Nevertheless, the sodium removal by peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains challenging, and new PD solutions are desirable. In this narrative review, we carried out an update on the pathophysiological mechanisms of volume-independent sodium toxicity and possible future strategies to improve sodium removal by PD.
Topics: Animals; Dialysis Solutions; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Sodium
PubMed: 34884617
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312804 -
Circulation Research Aug 2021
Topics: Humans; Kidney Diseases; Peritoneum; Renal Dialysis; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 34410821
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319785 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a...
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a membrane (cocoon formation) within the peritoneal cavity leading to intestinal obstruction. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (chemotherapy, beta-blockers, peritoneal dialysis, shunts, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.). The symptomatology report includes recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting. We present here a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with complaints of being unable to pass stools, vomiting (3-4 times), and abdomen pain for 4 days. This case is considered worth mentioning due to its rarity, lack of identification of secondary causes, and diminutive mention of histopathological aspect.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Peritonitis; Intestinal Obstruction; Peritoneum; Vomiting
PubMed: 38358217
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1228_21 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Apr 2021To explore the role of calpain activation in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the role of calpain activation in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE
Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into control group, MDL28170 (a calpain inhibitor)+normal saline group, peritoneal dialysis (PD) model group and PD + MDL28170 group. In the latter two groups, the rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mL/kg of 4.25% glucose PD solution, and those in PD+MDL28170 group and MDL28170 saline group received daily infusion of 4 mg/kg MDL28170 every other day. Eight weeks later, the rats were euthanized for pathological examination of the parietal peritoneum, and the visceral peritoneum was used for examining the activation status of calpain and the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen I (COL-I). Calpain activation and expressions of FN, COL-I and α-SMA were also examined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay in primary cultures of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with MDL28170, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), or both.
OBJECTIVE
Compared with the control rats, the rats in PD model group showed significantly increased peritoneal peritoneum thickness, calpain activation in the peritoneal tissue, and expressions of FN and COL-I ( < 0.05). Treatment with MDL28170 significantly alleviated associated peritoneal fibrosis, decreased the thickness of the peritoneum ( < 0.05), and reduced the expressions of FN and COL-I in the rats with daily PD ( < 0.05). In the experiment, the expressions of FN and COL-I were also significantly lower in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with both MDL28170 and TGF-β than in the cells treated with TGF-β alone ( < 0.05).
OBJECTIVE
Peritoneal calpain activity and expressions FN and COL-I all increase significantly in rat models of PD-associated peritoneal fibrosis. Calpain activation can promote peritoneal fibrosis, and inhibition of calpain can alleviate peritoneal fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Calpain; Fibrosis; Male; Peritoneal Fibrosis; Peritoneum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Dialysis; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 33963721
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.17