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The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2019The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is characterized by an unbalanced distribution: the disease is particularly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. In this... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is characterized by an unbalanced distribution: the disease is particularly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. In this article, we review the evolution of the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. With the increasing using of newer imaging methods, more advanced radiotherapy techniques and systemic chemotherapy, we also discuss newer clinical features that might affect staging. Finally, we propose the future direction of staging and potential prognostic factors that have a major influence on the treatment outcomes of this disease.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Forecasting; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Parotid Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31298937
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190244 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Oct 2019Primary liposarcoma is very rare in the parotid gland. To date, only 8 cases of primary parotid liposarcoma have been reported. The aim of this study is to report on a...
INTRODUCTION
Primary liposarcoma is very rare in the parotid gland. To date, only 8 cases of primary parotid liposarcoma have been reported. The aim of this study is to report on a case of primary parotid liposarcoma highlighting the complexity of its treatment and analyze treatment outcomes of other reported cases.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a case of parotid liposarcoma arising in the left parotid gland of a 66 year-old man, causing local morbidity, recurrence, repeated surgical treatment and death 5 months after initial treatment.
DISCUSSION
Parotid liposarcoma is marked by a high probability of local recurrence of up to 70% and is prone to distant metastatic spread, as was the case in our patient. Based on limited experience from published literature, optimal treatment entails radical surgery with negative margins. Postoperative radiotherapy is an option for patients with large high-grade tumors, positive margins and involvement of complex anatomic subsites. High-grade tumors have a worse outcome despite the addition of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
Topics: Aged; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Liposarcoma; Male; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Rare Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30876853
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.01.013 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... 2024Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of...
BACKGROUND
Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of "NOS" chordoma involving the oropharyx and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland in the same patient. According to contemporary research, chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the embryonic remnants of the notochord. and typically involves the clivus, sacrococcygeal bones or vertebrae. Studies have shown that the incidence of chordoma has been estimated to be one per one million people per year. Chordoma can occur at any age, but most commonly it is diagnosed in the 40-60 year old age group with the male predominance.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article was to review the case of a 74-year-old female patient with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland and a case of "NOS" chordoma involving the oropharyx.
METHODS
Diagnostic methods were used to examine a female patient with two primary malignant tumors: CT neck scan, CT of paranasal sinuses, ultrasound examination, scintigraphy and operative finding.
CASE PRESENTZATION
Due to the anatomy complexity, complete resection of the tumor through a transoral-transpharyngeal approach was not possible. Intraoperative palpation of the mass revealed well defined submucosal lesion 20x43x46mm beginning at the level of the oro- and hypopharynx and extending superiorly to the nasopharynx, and posteriorly into the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen causing near complete occlusion of the oro and hypopharynx. The patient also underwent extracapsular dissection of the parotid tumor. Postoperative palliative radiotherapy was performed.
CONCLUSION
Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of treatment for EMC and radiation is imperative for patients who refuse surgery and for those with advanced or inoperable diseases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Adult; Middle Aged; Chordoma; Oropharynx; Spine; Carcinoma
PubMed: 38481587
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.68-70 -
Head & Face Medicine Mar 2021The purpose of this study is to determine the histopathological spectrum and risk of primary malignancy of asymptomatic parotid lesions incidentally discovered on...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to determine the histopathological spectrum and risk of primary malignancy of asymptomatic parotid lesions incidentally discovered on cross-sectional imaging.
METHODS
Over a 10-year period, 154 patients underwent 163 ultrasound-guided parotid lesion biopsies at our institution. This retrospective chart review included 89 lesions in 87 patients with asymptomatic parotid lesions discovered on cross-sectional imaging studies performed for unrelated clinical indications. The histopathologic findings of all sampled lesions were reviewed. We evaluated the patient demographics and pathological diagnoses of sampled parotid lesions to determine the histopathological spectrum and risk of malignancy.
RESULTS
The average age was 67.5 years and 92 % were males. 25 % of patients had bilateral lesions. The average size of the parotid lesions was 1.5 cm and 91 % were located in the superficial lobe. 92.1 % of lesions were benign with Warthin tumor being the most common diagnosis followed by pleomorphic adenoma. 2.3 % of lesions were primary parotid malignant neoplasms, while 5.6 % were metastatic lesions in patients with known malignancy.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of primary parotid malignant neoplasm in asymptomatic incidentally discovered parotid lesions is low. Imaging or clinical follow-up may be considered in patients with incidental parotid lesions who prefer to avoid biopsy.
Topics: Adenolymphoma; Aged; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33757536
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00262-6 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Dec 2020
Topics: Adenolymphoma; Humans; Parotid Neoplasms
PubMed: 32768320
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.05.003 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2022Oncocytomas of the salivary gland are uncommon neoplasms that are characterized by polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and relatively uniform...
Oncocytomas of the salivary gland are uncommon neoplasms that are characterized by polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and relatively uniform nuclei. They are benign in nature and have a low recurrence rate with complete surgical excision. Though uncommon, oncocytic and clear cell variants of malignant tumors may histologically mimic oncocytomas and identification of their distinguishing features is essential. A classic example of an oncocytoma is discussed.
PubMed: 35834095
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01462-5 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2021Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a rare salivary gland neoplasm most commonly occurring in the sixth to eighth decades of life. Cross sectional imaging typically demonstrates a...
Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a rare salivary gland neoplasm most commonly occurring in the sixth to eighth decades of life. Cross sectional imaging typically demonstrates a multicystic expansile mass, most commonly occurring in the parotid gland, where the radiographic differential diagnosis would include Warthin tumor in this location and age group. Ultimately, the diagnosis is confirmed with the histopathologic findings of tubuloglandular epithelial profiles with sebaceous differentiation and cystic change set within a dense, benign lymphocytic infiltrate. These features are exemplified in this sine qua non radiology-pathology correlation article.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Parotid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33398686
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01266-5 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jun 2021Actinomycosis of the parotid gland is very rare. We sought to examine the clinical features, treatment methods, and treatment results of actinomycosis of the parotid...
BACKGROUND
Actinomycosis of the parotid gland is very rare. We sought to examine the clinical features, treatment methods, and treatment results of actinomycosis of the parotid gland in our hospital.
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 5 patients with histopathologically identified actinomycosis of the parotid gland from January 2010 to May 2020.
RESULTS
This study included 3 male and 2 female subjects. All patients had a common complaint of the mass in the parotid gland. Skin necrosis was observed in one patient. However, skin necrosis and fistula track occurred in the other 2 patients after fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Based on the result of FNAC two cases of inflammation and abscess were identified. Four patients with suspicion of parotid tumors before surgery underwent parotidectomy, and one patient with consideration of parotid abscess underwent incision and drainage. After surgery, intravenous administration of antibiotics was performed for an average of 6 days and oral antibiotics were prescribed for about 2 months for patients with actinomycosis of the parotid gland.
CONCLUSIONS
In case of skin necrosis of the parotid lesion without evidence of a malignant tumor, or if FNAC does not reveal the presence of cancerous cells, and fistula tract or skin necrosis occurs after the FNAC, then actinomycosis of the parotid gland should be suspected. If the actinomycosis of the parotid gland was localized to the parotid gland and removed surgically, it would be sufficient to treat the patients with antibiotics for about 2 months while observing the clinical response.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Female; Humans; Male; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33977749
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-755 -
Cureus May 2023Background and objective Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common major salivary gland neoplasm. Around 80% of them arise in the parotid glands, whereas 10% originate in...
Background and objective Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common major salivary gland neoplasm. Around 80% of them arise in the parotid glands, whereas 10% originate in the minor salivary glands. The pleomorphic adenoma of the extra-parotid site is defined by its location outside the primary salivary gland. The minor salivary gland adenomas occur at the hard and soft palate, lips, tongue, lacrimal glands, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinus, and nasal cavity. Pleomorphic adenoma in parapharyngeal space may occur de novo or as an extension of the deep lobe of the parotid tumors. Our objective in this study was to assess the location and presentations of extra-parotid pleomorphic adenoma and frequency of low-grade salivary gland malignancy diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma via fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the head and neck region and the treatment outcomes after the resection of the tumors. Materials and methods This was a retrospective observational study. All patients with FNAC-diagnosed pleomorphic adenoma of extra-parotid locations of the head and neck region who underwent curative surgery in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at a rural tertiary care center between August 1997 and August 2022 were included in the study. Data on the symptoms, FNAC report, surgical techniques, pathological results, adjuvant therapy, and any recurrence were documented. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Our study included 23 patients, of which 14 were females and nine were males. The various sites of involvement were as follows: parapharyngeal space (four), larynx (one), nasal septum (two), hard palate (five), soft palate (four), hard and soft palate (three), and submandibular salivary gland (four). Of note, 17.3% of the patients had local recurrence with an average time frame of three years post-surgery: 20% in patients with low-grade malignancy and 16.6% in patients with pleomorphic adenoma. Conclusion Extra-parotid pleomorphic adenomas are common and have a high malignant potential. The preferred choice of treatment for extra-parotid salivary tumors is complete resection with adequate clearance. Malignant pleomorphic adenomas may require staging neck dissection and adjuvant treatment for a better prognosis.
PubMed: 37362518
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39463