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Veterinary World Dec 2020Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds. About 120.000 people are exposed to dog and cat bites every year in Algeria, but little is known about the dog and cat oral flora causing bite wound complications. The purpose of this study was to identify potential zoonotic bacteria from oral cavity of dogs and cats and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics to contribute to the treatment of bite wound infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Oral swabs from 100 stray dogs and 100 stray cats were collected and cultured in several media: Chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using several commercial kits of the analytical profile index and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
Overall, 185/200 (92.5%) dogs and cats carried zoonotic bacteria in their mouths, of which 55.13% (102/185) had at least two bacterial pathogens. 374 pathogenic strains belonging to 15 genera were isolated: Eleven were Gram-negative (, , , , , , , and ) and four were Gram-positive (, , and , ). Fifty-one strains of were isolated from 44 carriers of (21 , 21 , and 9 spp.). strains were tested for antibiotic resistance. Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 8 (15.68%) of isolates and two strains (3.92%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (to two or more drugs). Erythromycin, penicillin, and ampicillin were the antimicrobials to which the isolates showed greater resistance (7.84%, 5.88%, and 3.92%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Algeria to detect potential human pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It reveals that these animals have multiple zoonotic bacteria in their mouths including species, which may be multidrug-resistant.
PubMed: 33488002
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2806-2814 -
Laboratory Animals Apr 2021An otherwise healthy two-month-old female C57BL/6J mouse presented with a left-sided head tilt. Differential diagnoses included idiopathic necrotizing arteritis,...
An otherwise healthy two-month-old female C57BL/6J mouse presented with a left-sided head tilt. Differential diagnoses included idiopathic necrotizing arteritis, bacterial otitis media/interna (, , , and ), encephalitis, an abscess, neoplasia, a congenital malformation and an accidental or iatrogenic head trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large space-occupying right olfactory lobe intra-axial lesion with severe secondary left-sided subfalcine herniation. Following imaging, the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Histopathologic examination revealed a unilateral, full-thickness bone defect at the base of the cribriform plate and nasal conchae dysplasia, resulting in the herniation of the olfactory bulb into the nasal cavity. There was also a left midline-shift of the frontal cortex and moderate catarrhal sinusitis in the left mandibular sinus. The MRI and histopathologic changes are consistent with a congenital malformation of the nasal cavity and frontal aspect of the skull known as an ethmoidal meningoencephalocele. Encephaloceles are rare abnormalities caused by herniation of contents of the brain through a defect in the skull which occur due to disruption of the neural tube closure at the level anterior neuropore or secondary to trauma, surgical complications, cleft palate or increased intracranial pressure. The etiology is incompletely understood but hypotheses include genetics, vitamin deficiency, teratogens, infectious agents and environmental factors. Ethmoidal encephaloceles have been reported in multiple species including humans but have not been reported previously in mice. There are multiple models for spontaneous and induced craniofacial malformation in mice, but none described for ethmoidal encephaloceles.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Encephalocele; Ethmoid Bone; Fatal Outcome; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningocele; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 32787540
DOI: 10.1177/0023677220944449 -
Nucleic Acids Research Dec 2020CRISPR-Cas defense systems opened up the field of genome editing due to the ease with which effector Cas nucleases can be programmed with guide RNAs to access desirable...
CRISPR-Cas defense systems opened up the field of genome editing due to the ease with which effector Cas nucleases can be programmed with guide RNAs to access desirable genomic sites. Type II-A SpCas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes was the first Cas9 nuclease used for genome editing and it remains the most popular enzyme of its class. Nevertheless, SpCas9 has some drawbacks including a relatively large size and restriction to targets flanked by an 'NGG' PAM sequence. The more compact Type II-C Cas9 orthologs can help to overcome the size limitation of SpCas9. Yet, only a few Type II-C nucleases were fully characterized to date. Here, we characterized two Cas9 II-C orthologs, DfCas9 from Defluviimonas sp.20V17 and PpCas9 from Pasteurella pneumotropica. Both DfCas9 and PpCas9 cleave DNA in vitro and have novel PAM requirements. Unlike DfCas9, the PpCas9 nuclease is active in human cells. This small nuclease requires an 'NNNNRTT' PAM orthogonal to that of SpCas9 and thus potentially can broaden the range of Cas9 applications in biomedicine and biotechnology.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Cloning, Molecular; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Escherichia coli; Gene Editing; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Genome, Bacterial; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Pasteurella pneumotropica; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; Recombinant Proteins; Rhodobacteraceae; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 33152077
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa998 -
Veterinary World Dec 2019A total of 112 freshly dead ducks aged from 2 to 20 weeks old with a history of respiratory manifestations were investigated for the implication of family members.
AIM
A total of 112 freshly dead ducks aged from 2 to 20 weeks old with a history of respiratory manifestations were investigated for the implication of family members.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Isolation and identification to the family level were conducted by conventional bacteriological methods, including microscopic examination and biochemical characterization. Identification to the species level was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analytical profile index (API) 20E kits.
RESULTS
Conventional bacteriological isolation and biochemical characterization revealed the infection of 16/112 examined birds with a prevalence rate of 14.3%. PCR confirmed the detection of family conserved genes B and z in 16/16 (100%) isolates. PCR was also used for genus and species identification of the isolated members; the results revealed that 5/16 (31.3%) of isolates were and 2/16 of isolates (12.5%) were . , , and were not detected by PCR. Biotyping by API 20E successfully identified 5/16 (31.3%) isolates that could not be typed by PCR and confirmed their belonging to . Neither the available PCR primer sets nor API 20E succeeded for species identification of 4/16 (25%) isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling of isolates revealed that 16/16 (100%) of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Moreover, 16/16 (100%) of isolates demonstrated a phenotypic resistance pattern to neomycin.
CONCLUSION
Combined genotypic, phenotypic, biotyping, and virulence characterizations are required for laboratory identification of pathogenic . Moreover, was not the prevailed member implicated in respiratory problems in ducks as , , and unidentified strains were involved with higher prevalence. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin demonstrated the highest effects on the studied . Furthermore, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates signified the demand to implement targeted surveillance in the ducks' production sector, and MDR survey in poultry sectors in Egypt to apply effective control measures.
PubMed: 32095060
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2061-2069 -
Cureus Dec 2023is a commensal microorganism found in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts of mammals and birds and it rarely affects humans. Human...
is a commensal microorganism found in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts of mammals and birds and it rarely affects humans. Human pasteurellosis typically results from infection through bites or scratches from animals, with dogs and cats being the most common sources. However, various vertebrates, such as rats, rabbits, tigers, and lions, can also transmit the infection. We report a case involving a young woman who developed a hand phlegmon on her right forearm following a rare and unusual human bite during a brawl. Her condition improved after both surgical and medical treatment.
PubMed: 38292999
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51408 -
PloS One 2023A range of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, voltammetry, microbiological and microscopic techniques, PCR) was used to assay a range of potential chemical and biological...
A range of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, voltammetry, microbiological and microscopic techniques, PCR) was used to assay a range of potential chemical and biological contaminants in soil and dandelion samples. The results provide the first comprehensive safety analysis of dandelion as a herbal product. Samples were collected from three different sites in Poland where the local population collects dandelion plants for their own consumption: Rudenka (a mountain meadow in the European Ecological Network of Natura 2000 protection area, free of agrotechnical treatments for over 30 years), Warszawa 1 (dense single-family housing with heavy traffic), and Warszawa 2 (recreation area with heavy traffic near a coal-fired heat and power plant). The assays of heavy metals and other chemical pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, mycotoxins) confirm that all collected soil and dandelion samples were chemically pure; however, 95 species of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including "carnivorous" Vibrio vulnificus, zoonotic Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pasteurella canis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lentus and Francisella tularensis as well as 14 species of pathogenic fungi and one protozoan parasite (Giardia intestinalis). The discovery of septicemia agents V. vulnificus, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Rahnella aquatilis in the soil surrounding dandelion roots and in the flowers, G. intestinalis in dandelion leaves and roots samples, all collected in Warsaw, is highly disturbing. This finding underlines the need for increased caution when collecting dandelion in densely populated areas with a large population of pets. Thorough washing of the harvested plants is necessary before using them for consumption, especially in the case of making salads from fresh dandelion leaves, which is becoming increasingly popular among people leading healthy and an environmentally friendly lifestyle.
Topics: Humans; Taraxacum; Environmental Pollutants; Soil; Metals, Heavy; Plant Leaves; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 36662824
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280810 -
IDCases 2020is an important bacterial pathogen in both animals and humans. Most reported Pasteurella infections in humans involve skin and soft tissues, often after an animal bite,...
is an important bacterial pathogen in both animals and humans. Most reported Pasteurella infections in humans involve skin and soft tissues, often after an animal bite, scratch, or lick to an open wound. We report a case of septic arthritis with in a diabetic and cardiopathic patient who was the victim of a rat bite in the street, with a good evolution after medical and surgical treatment.
PubMed: 33209584
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00989 -
Experimental Animals Feb 2022We surveyed mouse microbiological contamination rates by testing rates for common contaminants using serological, culture, and parasitological methods. A total of 21,292...
We surveyed mouse microbiological contamination rates by testing rates for common contaminants using serological, culture, and parasitological methods. A total of 21,292 experimentally housed mice from 206 animal facilities, including hospitals, universities, companies, and research institutes, were tested over a 6-year period from 2014 to 2019. The most commonly found contaminants were various species of nonpathogenic protozoa (47.2%). The most common pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), Pasteurella pneumotropica (12.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%). Mouse hepatitis virus (6.1%) was detected, but no other viral or bacterial pathogens were found. These results establish that the main pathogens that currently contaminate mouse facilities in Korea are opportunistic pathogens and that contamination with important pathogens, such as those in Categories B or C, has decreased.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Mice; Republic of Korea; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34707028
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0083 -
Identification of a large repetitive RTX immunogen in a highly virulent Rodentibacter heylii strain.Microbes and Infection 2021Rodentibacter (R.) heylii is frequently detected in laboratory rodents. Repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins are considered important virulence factors of this major murine...
Rodentibacter (R.) heylii is frequently detected in laboratory rodents. Repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins are considered important virulence factors of this major murine pathogen. We evaluated the virulence of a R.heylii strain negative for all known RTX toxin genes and Muribacter (M.) muris, a commensal in mice, in experimental infections of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Experimental intranasal infection with 10 CFU of the pnxI-, pnxII- and pnxIII- R. heylii strain resulted in 75% and 100% mortality in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively. In early losses, multiple internal organs were infected and purulent bronchopneumonia was the main pathology. Intranasal application of M. muris did not result in mortality or severe weight loss. Immunoproteomics led to the identification of a surface-associated and specific immunogen, which was designated as R. heylii immunogen A (RhiA) and which was exclusively recognised by sera obtained from mice infected with this R. heylii pathotype. RhiA is a 262.6 kDa large protein containing long imperfect tandem repeats and C-terminal RTX consensus sequences. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that this R.heylii pathotype expresses RhiA in the lower respiratory tract. In summary, this study describes a specific immunogen in a virulent R. heylii, strain which is an excellent antigen for pathotype-specific serological screenings and which might carry out RTX-related functions.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Consensus Sequence; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Protein Domains; Tandem Repeat Sequences; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33164813
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.007 -
SAGE Open Nursing 2021Knowledge management-based nursing care has a positive effect in preventing healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Therefore, nursing professionals can utilize key...
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge management-based nursing care has a positive effect in preventing healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Therefore, nursing professionals can utilize key strategies of knowledge management to support clinical decision making, reorganize nursing actions, and maximize patient outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge management-based nursing care educational training on HAI prevention behavior at the High Care Unit (HCU) of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.
METHODS
A quasiexperimental design with a pretest, educational training intervention, and posttest were conducted on 15 nurses in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, which lasted for 16 days. Furthermore, observation of nursing care documentation, nurses' handwashing compliance, and presence of infection-causing bacteria in the HCU staff and environment (hands rub handle, medical record, and patient's bed) was carried out pre (day 1-7) and post training (day 10-16). Subsequently, educational training related to knowledge management-based nursing care was conducted for 2 days (day 8-9) by the Doktor Mengabdi Team of Universitas Brawijaya.
RESULTS
The knowledge level and completeness of the nursing care documentation in the HCU room significantly increased after the training (< .05). Also, compliance to the six steps five moments of nurses' handwashing increased after the training (> .05). Infection-causing bacteria were found in the HCU environment and staff before and after the training involving , , , , , , and . Therefore, increased knowledge of HCU nurses and complete documentation ( = .890; = .054), increased knowledge of HCU nurses and handwashing compliance ( = .770; = .086), and handwashing compliance and bacterial presence ( = .816; = .084) all had a positive correlation.
CONCLUSION
Knowledge management-based nursing care educational training increased infection prevention behavior in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.
PubMed: 34869859
DOI: 10.1177/23779608211044601