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International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2020Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent... (Review)
Review
Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent articles were systematically searched via Medline and Web of Science™; additionally, all available issues of the journals "Contact Dermatitis" and "Dermatitis" were manually searched, covering the years 2018-2019, thereby extending and re-focusing a previous similar review. New allergens, or previously described allergens found in a new exposure context or of other current importance, are described in sections according to substance classes, e.g., metals, preservatives, fragrances. As a common finding in many investigations, a lack of information on product composition has been noted, for instance, regarding a newly described allergen in canvas shoes (dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide) and, most notably, absence of co-operation from manufacturers of glucose-monitoring devices and insulin pumps, respectively. These latter devices have been shown to cause severe ACD in a considerable number of diabetic patients caused by the liberation of isobornyl acrylate and N,N'-dimethylacrylamide, respectively, as demonstrated by an international collaboration between dermatologists and chemists. Improved and complete ingredient labelling for all types of products, and not just cosmetics, must be put on the legislative agenda.
Topics: Allergens; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Patch Tests; Perfume; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Public Health
PubMed: 32244763
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072404 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2024Celiac disease is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between celiac disease and wheat sensitization.
INTRODUCTION AND AIM
Celiac disease is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between celiac disease and wheat sensitization.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In the current study, children aged < 18 years with confirmed celiac disease were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
RESULTS
Gastrointestinal problems were the most common indication for evaluation in terms of celiac disease. Prick and patch tests were positive in 43.4% and 34% respectively.
CONCLUSION
Prick test and patch test for wheat sensitization were positive in about 30-45% of the children for celiac disease.
Topics: Humans; Celiac Disease; Child; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Wheat Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests; Immunoglobulin E; Adolescent; Skin Tests; Triticum; Infant
PubMed: 38807087
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04844-6 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022The reliability of patch testing with expired Indian standard patch test kits has been not evaluated before.
BACKGROUND
The reliability of patch testing with expired Indian standard patch test kits has been not evaluated before.
METHODS
Thirty adults (men:women 25:5) with allergic contact dermatitis were divided into three groups of ten patients each for patch testing by Finn chamber® method using Indian standard patch test kits having expiry in 2016, 2015 and 2014. The results were compared with those from a new kit with 2018 expiry.
RESULTS
Ten patients in group-1, eight patients in group-2 and seven patients in group-3 developed positive reactions of identical intensities and mostly from identical allergens from all four kits. The major contact allergens eliciting positive reactions of identical intensities were parthenium in nine, five and three patients, colophony in four, one and zero patients, fragrance mix in three, three and one patients, thiuram mix in three, one and one patients, and paraphenylene diamine in two, one and three patients from group-1,-2, and -3, respectively.
LIMITATIONS
Small number of patients in each group remains the major limitation of the study. Whether or not these results can be extrapolated with patch test results from other similar patch test kits available across countries also needs confirmation.
CONCLUSION
The patch test allergens can be used beyond labeled expiry dates but needs confirmation by a few large studies and using other available patch test kits. This is important as the relevance of patch test results for individual allergen in this scenario may remain debatable requiring careful interpretation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Pilot Projects; Time Factors
PubMed: 33969657
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_390_19 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2022Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, and The European Standard Series (ESS) Patch Test (PT) is widely used in determining the...
BACKGROUND
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, and The European Standard Series (ESS) Patch Test (PT) is widely used in determining the possible responsible allergens causing ACD. The dynamic nature of the industrial products, socioeconomic and environmental factors cause the frequency of common allergens to change over the years and among different regions.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the results of ESS PT of our centre in the last decade, and determine the current spectrum of allergens and their clinical relevance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data of patients who underwent ESS PT in our clinic between January 2010 and March 2020 were included in the study. The patient files were examined retrospectively. The clinical relevance was evaluated according to the COADEX system. Statistical analysis used: SPSS for Windows version 23.0 software program.
RESULTS
The data of 1037 patients [623 (60.1%) female, 414 (39.9%) male] were analysed. The mean age was 38.34 ± 14.55 years. The five most common allergens were nickel sulphate (23.1%), cobalt chloride (12%), potassium dichromate (9.5%), Fragrance mix II (7.3%) and balsam of Peru (5.7%). According to the COADEX coding system, current relevance was detected in 319 (49.3%) of 646 patients who had a positive reaction to any substance in the patch test.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed that with increasing awareness in society, the tendency to avoid some well-known allergenic substances and consumer products causes changes in common allergens. These results prove the value of long-term surveillance of contact allergy.
PubMed: 36386088
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_965_21 -
Malaysian Family Physician : the... Jul 2021This article provides information on allergy testing and serves as a simple guide for physicians who are considering using allergy testing as a step in patient... (Review)
Review
This article provides information on allergy testing and serves as a simple guide for physicians who are considering using allergy testing as a step in patient management. Basic principles of allergy testing, indications for testing, and how and when to choose a suitable allergy test are discussed. Allergy testing in general refers to evaluation of either type I or type IV hypersensitivity reactions. The type I (immediate) reaction is evaluated using the skin prick test (in vivo) or serum IgE (in vitro) test methods, while the type IV (delayed) reaction is determined via the skin patch test method. The allergens responsible for a specific reaction can be identified from allergy testing, and this information is useful in administering avoidance measures. Appropriate treatment of allergic reactions along with allergen avoidance ensure a successful treatment outcome and prevent future reactions.
PubMed: 34386160
DOI: 10.51866/rv1141 -
PloS One 2020Dermatological services in Laos, South East Asia are limited to the capital and patch testing is currently not available, so no data exists regarding the common...
BACKGROUND
Dermatological services in Laos, South East Asia are limited to the capital and patch testing is currently not available, so no data exists regarding the common cutaneous allergens in this population.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to document positive patch tests in medical students without evidence of contact dermatitis in Laos.
PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS
One hundred and fifty medical students were patch tested using TRUE Test® panels 1 to 3 (35 allergens). Readings were taken at Days 2 and 4.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight students (25.3%) had a positive reaction to at least one allergen, accounting for 52 reactions in total. The proportion of the students with positive patch test reading was significantly higher in the female [33/96 (34%)] than in the male [5/54 (9%)], p<0.001. The most common allergens were: nickel (10%), gold (6.6%), thiomersal (6.6%), cobalt dichloride (2%) and p-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde resin (2%). Balsam of Peru (0.66%), black rubber mix (0.66%), Cl+Me-Isothiazolinone (0.66%), fragrance mix 1 (0.66%), quinolone mix (0.66%), methyldibromo glutaronitrile (0.66%), mercapto mix (0.66%), epoxy resin (0.66%), paraben mix (0.66%), thiuram (0.66%) and wool alcohols (0.66%) accounted for all of the other positive reactions.
CONCLUSION
This study represents the first documented patch test results in Lao medical students and in the adult Lao population. The results of this study will inform any future research into contact allergy in Laos and give an insight into the background level of contact sensitivity in this population.
Topics: 2-Naphthylamine; Adolescent; Adult; Allergens; Balsams; Cobalt; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Epoxy Resins; Female; Gold; Humans; Laos; Male; Middle Aged; Nickel; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Resins, Synthetic; Students, Medical; Thimerosal
PubMed: 31945067
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217192 -
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings Mar 2021Patch tests are used to diagnose nonimmediate T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of patch tests...
Patch tests are used to diagnose nonimmediate T-cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of patch tests performed with suspect drugs in children. Patients < 18 years of age who had a drug patch test at the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic of our hospital between January 2014 and January 2020 were included in the study. Age, sex, culprit drug(s), reaction characteristics, and patch test results were recorded from the patients' files. A total of 105 drug patch tests were performed on 71 patients during the study period. The patients' median age was 7 years (interquartile range, 4-11 years), and 57.7% (n = 41) were boys. Twenty-three patients (32.3%) had severe cutaneous adverse reaction (Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 11, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in 9, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis in 3 patients), 45 (63.3%) had maculopapular rashes, and 3 (4.2%) had fixed drug eruption. A total of 20 patch test results (28%) were positive: 18 of 44 patch tests (40.9%) with antiepileptic drugs and 2 of 48 patch tests (4.1%) with antibiotics. Positive results were obtained in 23% of the patch tests (6/26) in 20 patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions and in 17.7% of the patch tests (14/79) in 51 patients with mild cutaneous reactions. No adverse reactions occurred during or after the patch tests. In our study, patch test positivity was more common with antiepileptic drugs and in patients with severe cutaneous drug reaction.
Topics: Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33685563
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.200110 -
International Journal of Women's... Jun 2021The prevalence of chronic wounds is increasing with the aging population, with 1% to 2% of the worldwide population experiencing leg ulcers and positive patch tests... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of chronic wounds is increasing with the aging population, with 1% to 2% of the worldwide population experiencing leg ulcers and positive patch tests reported in up to 75% of this population. With the introduction of modern dressings and compression therapies, clinicians should be cognizant of the potential risk of contact dermatitis in patients with leg ulcers. Contact dermatitis (both allergic and irritant) to wound products may present as maceration, pain, and overall impaired wound healing. Herein, we review the literature on contact dermatitis to wound-care products.
PubMed: 34222587
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.12.010 -
International Journal of Women's... Mar 2022Allergic contact dermatitis represents a T cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity response to exogenous agents. While allergic contact dermatitis is one of the... (Review)
Review
Allergic contact dermatitis represents a T cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity response to exogenous agents. While allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common causes of skin disease encountered by dermatologists, emerging trends within the field are in constant flux, as influenced by ever-changing industry practices and evolving consumer behaviors. Although certain allergens continue to predominate, new chemicals are frequently being introduced, thus shifting the pattern of allergen exposure and sensitization. This review examines the impact of trends in new and emerging contact allergens, with particular attention to clinical contexts in which these agents may be encountered. In addition, we offer a working knowledge of these allergens' characteristics, sources, and relevance, while outlining recommendations to accurately evaluate, diagnose, and provide appropriate counseling for these diseases.
PubMed: 35620033
DOI: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000006 -
Archives of Toxicology Nov 2023Critical to the evaluation of non-animal tests are reference data with which to assess their relevance. Animal data are typically used because they are generally... (Review)
Review
Critical to the evaluation of non-animal tests are reference data with which to assess their relevance. Animal data are typically used because they are generally standardized and available. However, when regulatory agencies aim to protect human health, human reference data provide the benefit of not having to account for possible interspecies variability. To support the evaluation of non-animal approaches for skin sensitization assessment, we collected data from 2277 human predictive patch tests (HPPTs), i.e., human repeat insult patch tests and human maximization tests, for skin sensitization from 1555 publications. We recorded protocol elements and positive or negative outcomes, developed a scoring system to evaluate each test for reliability, and calculated traditional and non-traditional dose metrics. We also traced each test result back to its original report to remove duplicates. The resulting database, which contains information for 1366 unique substances, was characterized for physicochemical properties, chemical structure categories, and protein binding mechanisms. This database is publicly available on the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods website and in the Integrated Chemical Environment to serve as a resource for additional evaluation of alternative methods and development of new approach methodologies for skin sensitization assessments.
Topics: Humans; Patch Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Skin; Benchmarking; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37615678
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03530-3