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Medical Gas Research 2021Hyperbaric oxygen therapy refers to inhalation of pure oxygen in a closed chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen has a therapeutic effect in numerous pathological conditions, such... (Review)
Review
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy refers to inhalation of pure oxygen in a closed chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen has a therapeutic effect in numerous pathological conditions, such as decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, carbon monoxide poisoning and smoke inhalation, osteomylitis, osteoradionecrosis and wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for treating underlying hypoxia. This review indicates the action of hyperbaric oxygen on biochemical and various physiological changes in cellular level. Narrative review covers the current indications and contraindications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The review also focuses on the therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment and precondition in different pathological conditions. The complications and side effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation
PubMed: 33642335
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.310057 -
Materia Socio-medica Dec 2021Play is an essential parameter of children's growth and expression and this is the reason of why the use of play therapy is considered as fundamental means of preventing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Play is an essential parameter of children's growth and expression and this is the reason of why the use of play therapy is considered as fundamental means of preventing and dealing with problems and difficulties presented to children.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to review the parameters related to this issue, emphasizing the efficacy of this therapeutic approach to various problems of children.
METHODS
A review of the recent literature on the issue, searching through Greek and international databases (Medline, Heal-link), in English and Greek language.
RESULTS
The review shows that play therapy as a form of prevention and treatment is suitable mainly for preschool and school age children. It is addressed to children who are in a transition period of their lives (after a divorce, a loss), with difficulties in managing feelings, in socializing or children who have behavioral problems. It is also addressed to children who have been witnesses of domestic violence, who have suffered some form of abuse, children who are to undergo a major surgery or those who have speech disorders. Furthermore, it is suitable for children who have some kind of developmental disorder (autism or attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder). Its efficiency is demonstrated by numerous research papers reporting a significant decrease of negative emotions and behaviors by its use.
CONCLUSION
Play therapy is an alternative proposal of intervention on important issues related to children. Its implementation and value is widely known and is constantly expanding. The only condition for its implementation is the correct theoretical training of the professionals and the proper diagnosis.
PubMed: 35210953
DOI: 10.5455/msm.2021.33.293-297 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care.
OBJECTIVES
to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care.
METHODS
Grounded Theory and the theoretical/philosophical framework of Virginia Henderson were used. The research was conducted in Family Basic Health Units and in Specialized Services in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 24 participants composed four sample groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between April and October 2015, and analyzed by the constant comparison method. The analysis occurred by initial coding, construction of diagrams and memos, axial coding, selective coding and reflection on the paradigm and on the emerging theory.
RESULTS
six categories emerged from the data. Nurses worrying about the care of children with obesity as a neglected area in Primary Health Care was the theoretical model.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
the phenomenon is related to the individuality of nursing care and the need for shared responsibilities.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Female; Grounded Theory; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Nursing Care; Nursing Theory; Pediatric Nursing; Pediatric Obesity; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 32578728
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0881 -
Human Resources For Health Feb 2020Burnout in healthcare providers has impacts at the level of the individual provider, patient, and organization. While there is a substantial body of literature on... (Review)
Review
Burnout in healthcare providers has impacts at the level of the individual provider, patient, and organization. While there is a substantial body of literature on burnout in healthcare providers, burnout in pediatric nurses has received less attention. This subpopulation may be unique from adult care nurses because of the specialized nature of providing care to children who are typically seen as a vulnerable population, the high potential for empathetic engagement, and the inherent complexities in the relationships with families. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to investigate, among pediatric nurses, (i) the prevalence and/or degree of burnout, (ii) the factors related to burnout, (iii) the outcomes of burnout, and (iv) the interventions that have been applied to prevent and/or mitigate burnout. This scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA Guidelines Scoping Review Extension. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, and The Cochrane Library were searched on 3 November 2018 to identify relevant quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies on pediatric nurse burnout. Our search identified 78 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Across the included studies, burnout was prevalent in pediatric nurses. A number of factors were identified as impacting burnout including nurse demographics, work environment, and work attitudes. Similarly, a number of outcomes of burnout were identified including nurse retention, nurse well-being, patient safety, and patient-family satisfaction. Unfortunately, there was little evidence of effective interventions to address pediatric nurse burnout. Given the prevalence and impact of burnout on a variety of important outcomes, it is imperative that nursing schools, nursing management, healthcare organizations, and nursing professional associations work to develop and test the interventions to address key attitudinal and environmental factors that are most relevant to pediatric nurses.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Humans; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Pediatric Nursing; Stress, Psychological; Workplace
PubMed: 32046721
DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-0451-8 -
Prague Medical Report 2021Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and further investigation and treatment. Oral malignant melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm commonly seen among middle age. The diagnosis of melanoma initiates from the pre-existing pigmented lesions. The poor prognosis of oral melanomas requires that pigmented lesions of undetermined origin be routinely biopsied. A case of malignant melanoma of hard palate with its clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation along with brief review is presented. Prognosis of these lesion is poor with survival rate of 5 years.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34606435
DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2021.20 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine May 2022Delirium in ICU patients is a complication associated with many adverse consequences. Given the high prevalence of this complication in critically ill patients, it is... (Review)
Review
Delirium in ICU patients is a complication associated with many adverse consequences. Given the high prevalence of this complication in critically ill patients, it is essential to develop and implement an effective management protocol to prevent delirium. Given that the cause of delirium is multifactorial, non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions are promising strategies for delirium prevention. (1) Background: To identify and evaluate published systematic review on non-pharmacological nursing interventions to prevent delirium in intensive care unit patients. (2) Methods: An umbrella review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute was utilized. Data were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The last search was conducted on 1 May 2022. (3) Results: Fourteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. Multicomponent interventions are the most promising methods in the fight against delirium. The patient's family is an important part of the process and should be included in the delirium prevention scheme. Light therapy can improve the patient's circadian rhythm and thus contribute to reducing the incidence of delirium. (4) Conclusions: Non-pharmacological nursing interventions may be effective in preventing and reducing the duration of delirium in ICU patients.
PubMed: 35629183
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050760 -
Medical Gas Research 2020Application of ozone in oral care comes as new and alternative treatment modality in dentistry. The impact of biological and digital information leads to use of ozone... (Review)
Review
Application of ozone in oral care comes as new and alternative treatment modality in dentistry. The impact of biological and digital information leads to use of ozone application by various means for numerous treatment options in oral cavity. Ozone is a form of oxygen, which has an effective role in management of oral diseases. This review mainly emphasizes on utility of ozone in oral health care management. Its therapeutic potential and its clinical application in oral pathologies, periodontology, endodontics, oral surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, wound healing, tooth mineralization as treatment choice are reviewed.
Topics: Dentistry; Humans; Ozone
PubMed: 33380587
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.304226 -
Pediatrics Sep 2020One-third of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are inappropriate. We evaluated a distance learning program's... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
One-third of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are inappropriate. We evaluated a distance learning program's effectiveness for reducing outpatient antibiotic prescribing for ARTI visits.
METHODS
In this stepped-wedge clinical trial run from November 2015 to June 2018, we randomly assigned 19 pediatric practices belonging to the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network or the NorthShore University HealthSystem to 4 wedges. Visits for acute otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection for children 6 months to <11 years old without recent antibiotic use were included. Clinicians received the intervention as 3 program modules containing online tutorials and webinars on evidence-based communication strategies and antibioti c prescribing, booster video vignettes, and individualized antibiotic prescribing feedback reports over 11 months. The primary outcome was overall antibiotic prescribing rates for all ARTI visits. Mixed-effects logistic regression compared prescribing rates during each program module and a postintervention period to a baseline control period. Odds ratios were converted to adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for interpretability.
RESULTS
Among 72 723 ARTI visits by 29 762 patients, intention-to-treat analyses revealed a 7% decrease in the probability of antibiotic prescribing for ARTI overall between the baseline and postintervention periods (aRR 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-0.96). Second-line antibiotic prescribing decreased for streptococcal pharyngitis (aRR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.87) and sinusitis (aRR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77) but not for acute otitis media (aRR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83-1.03). Any antibiotic prescribing decreased for viral ARTIs (aRR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.70).
CONCLUSIONS
This program reduced antibiotic prescribing during outpatient ARTI visits; broader dissemination may be beneficial.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Chicago; Child; Child, Preschool; Communication; Confidence Intervals; Education, Distance; Female; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing; Infant; Intention to Treat Analysis; Logistic Models; Male; Odds Ratio; Otitis Media; Outpatients; Pediatric Nursing; Pediatricians; Pharyngitis; Primary Health Care; Program Development; Quality Improvement; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sinusitis; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 32747473
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0038 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Oct 2023Accurately identifying patients at high risk of delirium is vital for timely preventive intervention measures. Approaches for identifying the risk of developing delirium...
BACKGROUND
Accurately identifying patients at high risk of delirium is vital for timely preventive intervention measures. Approaches for identifying the risk of developing delirium among critically ill children are not well researched.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate machine learning-based models for predicting delirium among critically ill children 24 h after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.
DESIGN
A prospective cohort study.
SETTING
A large academic medical center with a 57-bed PICU in southwestern China from November 2019 to February 2022.
PARTICIPANTS
One thousand five hundred and seventy-six critically ill children requiring PICU stay over 24 h.
METHODS
Five machine learning algorithms were employed. Delirium was screened by bedside nurses twice a day using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Twenty-four clinical features from medical and nursing records during hospitalization were used to inform the models. Model performance was assessed according to numerous learning metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
RESULTS
Of the 1576 enrolled patients, 929 (58.9 %) were boys, and the age ranged from 28 days to 15 years with a median age of 12 months (IQR 3 to 60 months). Among them, 1126 patients were assigned to the training cohort, and 450 were assigned to the validation cohort. The AUCs ranged from 0.763 to 0.805 for the five models, among which the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model performed best, achieving an AUC of 0.805 (95 % CI, 0.759-0.851), with 0.798 (95 % CI, 0.758-0.834) accuracy, 0.902 sensitivity, 0.839 positive predictive value, 0.640 F1-score and a Brier score of 0.144. Almost all models showed lower predictive performance in children younger than 24 months than in older children. The logistic regression model also performed well, with an AUC of 0.789 (95 % CI, 0.739, 0.838), just under that of the XGB model, and was subsequently transformed into a nomogram.
CONCLUSIONS
Machine learning-based models can be established and potentially help identify critically ill children who are at high risk of delirium 24 h after PICU admission. The nomogram may be a beneficial management tool for delirium for PICU practitioners at present.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Infant, Newborn; Female; Prospective Studies; Critical Illness; Delirium; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Hospitalization; Machine Learning
PubMed: 37542959
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2022Trauma is not limited to medical trauma and includes chronic stressors, toxic stress, adverse childhood events, abuse, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. Principles of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Trauma is not limited to medical trauma and includes chronic stressors, toxic stress, adverse childhood events, abuse, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. Principles of trauma-informed care and resiliency guide pediatric nursing care across the life span from birth to adolescence. Trauma-informed care principles are pertinent to the nursing care needs of healthy and ill children from infancy to adolescence across care settings.
METHODS
The purpose of this integrative literature review (IRL) is to elucidate evidence-based practices for pediatric nurses specific to trauma, trauma-informed principles, and the integration of these principles to care. Using Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology, this IRL presents empirical literature to operationalize trauma-informed care for the pediatric nurse through 1) identification of the problem; 2) literature search; 3) data evaluation; 4) data analysis; 5) result presentation.
FINDINGS
Results are presented in a contemporary framework by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2018) of trauma-awareness for the pediatric nurse, trauma-informed principles, and the integration of these principles to care. Pediatric nurses are in a unique position to offer trauma-informed care by recognizing and managing trauma to include chronic stressors, toxic stress, adverse childhood experiences, and abuse.
DISCUSSION
Pediatric nurses today are caring for patients in a complex and diverse healthcare climate amid the world's worst public health pandemic in living memory. Awareness of trauma, assessment of trauma in pediatrics, and health and resiliency promotion are critical in moving forward post-pandemic. The overview of trauma-informed care provides a guide for the pediatric nurse.
Topics: Adolescent; COVID-19; Child; Humans; Nurses, Pediatric; Pandemics; Pediatric Nursing; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34798581
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.003