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Clinical and Translational Medicine Dec 2021Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived...
BACKGROUND
Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. We explored the metabolomic signature of Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in NAFLD mice and its association in NAFLD patients.
METHODS
We used Western diet-induced NAFLD mice, and L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were administered to animals in the drinking water at a concentration of 10 CFU/g for 8 weeks. NAFLD severity was determined based on liver/body weight, pathology and biochemistry markers. Caecal samples were collected for the metagenomics by 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolite profiles were obtained from caecum, liver and serum. Human stool samples (healthy control [n = 22] and NAFLD patients [n = 23]) were collected to investigate clinical reproducibility for microbiota-derived metabolites signature and metabolomics biomarker.
RESULTS
L. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation effectively normalized weight ratio, NAFLD activity score, biochemical markers, cytokines and gut-tight junction. While faecal microbiota varied according to the different treatments, key metabolic features including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites were analogously restored by both probiotic supplementations. The protective effects of indole compounds were validated with in vitro and in vivo models, including anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic signatures were replicated in NAFLD patients, accompanied by the comparable levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which was significantly higher (4.3) compared with control (0.6). Besides, the consequent biomarker panel with six stool metabolites (indole, BAs, and SCFAs) showed 0.922 (area under the curve) in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
CONCLUSIONS
NAFLD progression was robustly associated with metabolic dys-regulations in the SCFAs, bile acid and indole compounds, and NAFLD can be accurately diagnosed using the metabolites. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD progression by modulating gut metagenomic and metabolic environment, particularly tryptophan pathway, of the gut-liver axis.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Cellular Reprogramming; Diet, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Metabolome; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Quinolines
PubMed: 34965016
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.634 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. A study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to isolate...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. A study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to isolate and characterize LAB from dairy products found in and around Bahir-Dar city, North Western Ethiopia. Milk and milk products were randomly collected from dairy farms, milk vending shops, individual households, and supermarkets for bacteriological investigations. A total of sixteen samples were taken from different sources and cultured on different selective media: de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar for spp.; M17 agar for spp.; Rogasa SL agar for spp.; and MRS supplemented with cysteine (0.5%) for spp. Different laboratory techniques were implemented for LAB isolation and identification. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were grouped under five different genera of LAB and spp. were identified based on the growth morphology on the selective media, growth at a different temperature, gas production from glucose, carbohydrate fermentation, and other biochemical tests. LAB genera such as , , , , , and spp. were isolated and identified from raw milk, cheese, and yogurt. Based on the current study, the majority of the LAB (24.38%) was isolated from cheese and yogurt. Among these, , (21.94%), (19.51%), (14.64%), (12.19%), and (7.31%) spp. were also identified from these products. Furthermore, based on the bacterial load count and different identification methodologies, our study revealed that spp. were the dominant LAB isolated from milk and milk products. As a result, since there are few studies on the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from dairy products in Ethiopia, more research studies are needed to complete the identification and characterization to species level and their possible role as probiotics.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Cattle; Dairy Products; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Leuconostoc; Milk; Pediococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 34421398
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4697445 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2021Fermented foods and drinks derived from animals as well as plants play an important role in diets. These foods usually contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grown during... (Review)
Review
Fermented foods and drinks derived from animals as well as plants play an important role in diets. These foods usually contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grown during fermentation, and these naturally contain compounds, including organic acids, ethanol, or antimicrobial compounds with the ability to inhibit spoilage organisms and pathogenic bacteria in fermented foods. Furthermore, these bacteria are able to adapt well to the spontaneous fermentation process and play a role in human as well as animal health, especially in digestive tract, commonly known as probiotics. This study therefore aims to describe the microorganisms produced by fermented foods suitable for development as probiotics to improve human health, as these generally have the ability to improve the immune system against pathogenic bacteria. Several genera are used as probiotics, including , , , , and several yeasts. Therefore, LAB produced from fermented foods were concluded to be suitable potential candidates for probiotics, to replace antibiotics in overcoming pathogenic bacteria, and to possess the ability to improve the immune system and strengthen the body against pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 34820306
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_116_21 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with the outbreak of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorder. The Enterobacteriaceae population was higher in the...
Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with the outbreak of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorder. The Enterobacteriaceae population was higher in the feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-F) than in those of healthy control volunteers (HC-F). The Enterococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae populations were higher in the feces of IBD patients with depression (IBD/D-F) vs. the feces of IBD patients without depression (IBD/D-F). Therefore, we examined the effects of Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterococcus faecium, and Pediococcus acidolactici overpopulated in IBD/D-F and their byproducts LPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) on the occurrence of depression and colitis in mice. Oral gavages of Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Cronobacter sakazakii belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, singly or together, caused dose-dependently colitis and depression-like behaviors in germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice. Although Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici did not significantly cause colitis and depression-like behaviors, they significantly deteriorated Klebsiella oxytoca- or Escherichia coli-induced colitis, neuroinflammation, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors and increased blood LPS, corticosterone, and IL-6 levels. The EPSs from Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici also worsened Klebsiella oxytoca LPS-induced colitis, neuroinflammation, and depression-like behaviors in mice and increased the translocation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated LPS into the hippocampus. However, Bifidobacterium longum, which was lower in IBD/D-F vs. IBD/D-F, or its EPS suppressed them. In conclusion, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici, known as a probiotic strain, and their EPSs may be a risk factor for the outbreak of depression and IBD.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Depression; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Pediococcus acidilactici
PubMed: 35672451
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13629-9 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are vital probiotics in the food processing industry, which are widely spread in food additives and products, such as meat, milk, and... (Review)
Review
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are vital probiotics in the food processing industry, which are widely spread in food additives and products, such as meat, milk, and vegetables. (), as a kind of LAB, has numerous probiotic effects, mainly including antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and immune effects. Recently, the applications in the probiotic- fermentation products have attracted progressively more attentions. However, it is necessary to screen with abundant functions from diverse sources due to the limitation about the source and species of . This review summarized the screening methods of and the exploration methods of probiotic functions in combination with the case study. The screening methods included primary screening and rescreening including gastric acidity resistance, bile resistance, adhesion, antibacterial effects, etc. The application and development prospects of were described in detail, and the shortcomings in the practical application of were evaluated to make better application of in the future.
PubMed: 34975787
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762467 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer... (Review)
Review
Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer high stability to environmental conditions, with an indicated increase in product yield, alongside their moderate antimicrobial activity. Lack of endotoxins and inclusion bodies, extracellular secretion, and surface display with other unique properties, are all winning attributes of these Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, of which, is progressively becoming an attractive and promising host, as the next-generation probiotic comparable with other well-known model systems. Here, we presented the biotechnological developments in bacteriocin expression system, contemporary variegated models of and lactic acid bacteria strains as microbial cell factory, most recent applications as possible live delivery vector for use as therapeutics, as well as upsurging challenges and future perspective. With the radical introduction of artificial intelligence and neural network in Synthetic Biology, the microbial usage of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative eco-friendly strain, with safe use properties compared with the already known conventional strains is expected to see an increase in various food and biotechnological applications in years to come as it offers better hope of safety, accuracy, and higher efficiency.
PubMed: 35237589
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.802031 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2021Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due to increased demand for practical applications of microbes, the functional and harmless P. pentosaceus might be a worthwhile LAB strain for both the food industry and biological applications.
RESULTS
As an additive, P. pentosaceus improves the taste and nutrition of food, as well as the storage of animal products. Moreover, the antimicrobial abilities of Pediococcus strains are being highlighted. Evidence suggests that bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances (BLISs) produced by P. pentosaceus play effective antibacterial roles in the microbial ecosystem. In addition, various strains of P. pentosaceus have been highlighted for probiotic use due to their anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, detoxification, and lipid-lowering abilities.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying P. pentosaceus for further use. Thorough study of several P. pentosaceus strains should clarify the benefits and drawbacks in the future.
Topics: Pediococcus pentosaceus; Probiotics
PubMed: 33593360
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01537-y -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of synbiotics is a promising approach to this problem. This study...
BACKGROUND
There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of synbiotics is a promising approach to this problem. This study evaluated the growth inhibition and antibiofilm activity of the short-chain fatty acids produced by and in combination with inulin-type fructans against .
METHODS
The growth inhibition of was evaluated using microdilution analysis in 96-well microtiter plates; different concentrations of cell-free supernatants of and were exposed to . The antibiofilm assessment was carried out using the crystal violet staining assay. The short-chain fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography.
RESULTS
The clinically isolated interacted with supernatants from and and showed significant growth inhibition and antibiofilm formation versus the controls. Lactate and acetic acid were elevated in the supernatants. The results suggest that the supernatants obtained from the synbiotic combinations of and with inulin-type fructans can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation against a clinically isolated strain.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that synbiotic formulations could be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs in candidiasis therapy.
PubMed: 36010004
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081135 -
Food Science of Animal Resources Jan 2021Microbial bioconversion using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides several human health benefits. Although whey and whey-derived bioactive compounds can contribute to an... (Review)
Review
Microbial bioconversion using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides several human health benefits. Although whey and whey-derived bioactive compounds can contribute to an improvement in human health, the potential anti-obesity effect of whey bioconversion by LAB has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate whether bioconversion of whey by KI31 and KI36 (KI31-W and KI36-W, respectively) inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Both KI31-W and KI36-W reduced intracellular lipid accumulation significantly, without decreasing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. In addition, obesity-related transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and genes (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase) were down-regulated significantly in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of KI31-W and KI36-W. Collectively, these results suggest that bioconversion of whey by LAB exhibits anti-adipogenic activity and may be applied as a therapeutic agent for obesity.
PubMed: 33506224
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e78 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Production of gluten-free bread (GFB) with good quality characteristics represents a technological challenge. Our study aimed to obtain nongluten bread from cereals and...
Production of gluten-free bread (GFB) with good quality characteristics represents a technological challenge. Our study aimed to obtain nongluten bread from cereals and pseudocereals with applying single cultures of , and as sourdoughs. The effect of sourdoughs on the quality traits of gluten-free (GF) dough and GFB was explored. The structural and baking properties of GF dough composed of teff, rice, corn, and sorghum flours were improved by adding xanthan gum (0.6%), guar gum (1.0%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (1.0%). The tested strains reached 10 cfu/g in teff flour and produced sourdoughs with a pleasant lactic aroma. The sourdough-fermented doughs were softer and more elastic compared to control dough and yielded reduced baking loss. Strain ensured the best baking characteristics of GF dough and the highest softness of the GFB during storage. Strain had the most pronounced positive effect on aroma, taste and aftertaste. Pan baking was found to be more appropriate to obtain stable shape and good-looking products. A careful starter culture selection is necessary for GFB development since a significant effect of strain specificity on dough rheology and baking characteristics was observed.
PubMed: 35407099
DOI: 10.3390/foods11071012