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Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the...
Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the stool of a healthy volunteer, while strain Marseille-P3915 was cultivated from the urine of a kidney transplant recipient. Both strains are anaerobic Gram-positive coccoid bacteria. Both are catalase-negative and oxidase-negative and grow optimally at 37 °C in anaerobic conditions. They also metabolize carbohydrates, such as galactose, glucose, fructose, and glycerol. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid for both strains. The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 strains when compared to their closest phylogenetic relatives were 52.3% and 56.4%, respectively. Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 shared an OrthoANI value of 83.5% which was the highest value found with Peptoniphilus species studied here. The morphological, biochemical, phenotypic and genomic characteristics strongly support that these strains are new members of the Peptoniphilus genus. Thus, we suggest that Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov., and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., are new species for which strains Marseille-P3761 (CSUR P3761 = CCUG 71,569) and Marseille-P3195 (CSUR P3195 = DSM 103,468) are their type strains, respectively of two new Peptoniphilus species, for which we propose the names Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., respectively.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35857142
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03044-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury... (Review)
Review
Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of , and spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 36232581
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911280 -
Nutrients Nov 2022This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and gut microbiota in elderly patients with FC.
UNLABELLED
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and gut microbiota in elderly patients with FC.
METHODS
in this cross-sectional study, a total of 198 elderly participants (85 male and 113 female) aged over 60 years were recruited. The study was conducted in Changsha city, China. The participants completed an online questionnaire, including The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), The Patient Assessment of Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and The Patient Assessment of Quality of Life (PAC-QoL). We selected the 16S rDNA V3 + V4 region as the amplification region and sequenced the gut microbiota using the Illumina Novaseq PE250 high-throughput sequencing platform.
RESULTS
in total, 30.3% of patients with constipation had depression, while 21.3% had anxiety. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in the normal group was higher than that in the anxiety and depression group. According to LEfSe analysis, the relative abundance of and in the people without depression and anxiety was higher. The relative abundance of and in the depression group was lower, and the relative abundance of and in the anxiety group was higher. In addition, according to the correlation analysis, and were negatively correlated with constipation symptoms, anxiety, and depression.
CONCLUSIONS
this study found that gut microbiota composition may be associated with a higher incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with FC, thus providing insight into the mechanisms that ameliorate mood disorders in patients with FC.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Anxiety; Constipation; Clostridiales; Depression
PubMed: 36501044
DOI: 10.3390/nu14235013 -
Archives of Microbiology Sep 2022
PubMed: 36166171
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03248-3 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She...
A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She was diagnosed with cervical cancer based on the results of the electronic colposcopy, cervical cytology, microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then, she received chemotherapy, with paclitaxel 200 mg (day 1), cisplatin 75 mg (day 2), and bevacizumab 700 mg (day 3) twice with an interval of 27 days. During the examination for the diagnosis and treatment, many invasive operations, including removal of intrauterine device, colposcopy, and ureteral dilatation, were done. After that, the patient was discharged and entered the emergency department about 2.5 months later with a loss of consciousness probably caused by septic shock. The patient finally died of multiple organ failure and bacterial infection, although she has received antimicrobial therapy. The blood cultures showed a monobacterial infection with an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated as SAHP1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) indicated that the patient was infected with , while molecular analysis and genome-based taxonomy confirmed the infection with a novel species that has a close genetic relationship with and proposed provisionally as sp. nov., which may also act as a commensal of the human vagina. Genomic features of SAHP1 have been fully described, and comparative genomic analysis reveals the known prokaryote relative of sp. nov. in the genus The invasive operations on the genital tract during the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and the tumor tissue damage and bleeding may have a certain role in the bloodstream infection. This study casts a new light on the bacteria and prompts clinicians to include anaerobic blood cultures as part of their blood culture procedures, especially on patients with genital tract tumors. Furthermore, due to the incomplete database and unsatisfying resolution of the MALDI-TOF MS for species identification, molecular identification, especially whole-genome sequencing, is required for those initially identified as bacteria belonging to in the clinical laboratory.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Blood Culture; Clostridiales; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35880078
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954355 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021Bacterial species and their role in delaying the healing of pressure ulcers (PU) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have not been well described. This pilot study...
Bacterial species and their role in delaying the healing of pressure ulcers (PU) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have not been well described. This pilot study aimed to characterise the evolution of the cutaneous microbiota of PU in SCI cohort. Twenty-four patients with SCI from a French neurological rehabilitation centre were prospectively included. PU tissue biopsies were performed at baseline (D0) and 28 days (D28) and analysed using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 region. At D0, if the overall relative abundance of genus highlighted a large proportion of Staphylococcus, Anaerococcus and Finegoldia had a significantly higher relative abundance in wounds that stagnated or worsened in comparison with those improved at D28 (3.74% vs 0.05%; p = 0.015 and 11.02% versus 0.16%; p = 0.023, respectively). At D28, Proteus and Morganella genera were only present in stagnated or worsened wounds with respectively 0.02% (p = 0.003) and 0.01% (p = 0.02). Moreover, Proteus, Morganella, Anaerococcus and Peptoniphilus were associated within the same cluster, co-isolated from biopsies that had a poor evolution. This pathogroup could be a marker of wound degradation and Proteus could represent a promising target in PU management.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Pressure Ulcer; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34531517
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98073-x -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to...
INTRODUCTION
The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to RA development remain largely unknown. Recent studies have sought to comprehensively explore alterations in the human microbiome, focusing on identifying disease-related microbial species through blood analysis. Consequently, this study aimed to identify RA-associated microbial species using a serum microbial array system and to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential microbial species for RA treatment.
METHODS
Serum immunoglobulin M levels against 384 intestinal microbial species were assessed using a microbial microarray in patients with RA and healthy individuals. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the identified microbial candidate regarding arthritis development, immune responses, gut barrier function, and gut microbiome using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.
RESULTS
Our findings revealed significant alterations in antibody levels against 36 microbial species in patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. Notably, the antibody levels against () were decreased in patients with RA and exhibited an inverse correlation with RA disease activity. experiments demonstrated that produced acetate and butyrate, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. In CIA mice, administration suppressed arthritis symptoms, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum. Additionally, supplementation restored intestinal barrier integrity and partially resolved gut microbial dysbiosis in CIA mice. The fecal microbiota in -treated mice corresponded to improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammatory responses.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the potential of serum-based detection of anti-microbial antibodies to identify microbial targets at the species level for RA treatment. Moreover, our findings suggest that , identified through the microbial microarray analysis, holds therapeutic potential for RA by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and suppressing the immunologic response associated with RA.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disease Models, Animal; Cytokines; Firmicutes
PubMed: 38239365
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286387 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Sep 2022Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with...
PURPOSE
Recent advances in molecular biology technology have allowed identification of microbial communities in the urinary tract, and urinary microbiome is associated with various urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to characterize the urinary microbiome of genitourinary malignancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Metagenomic analysis of urinary DNA was performed in 85 patients including 30 with bladder cancer (BC), 27 with prostate cancer (PC), 12 with renal cancer (RC), and 16 with non-cancer (NC). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted after amplification of the V3-V4 region.
RESULTS
PC and RC had significantly lower Shannon index than BC, and beta diversity showed significantly different microbiome composition between four groups. We identified six genera of , , , , , and , which showed significantly different abundance between the four groups. When each of the malignancies were compared to NC at the species level, sp. was significantly increased in BC. We also identified 12 and five species with increased populations in PC and RC, respectively. Of these, , , , and were significantly increased in both PC and RC.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary microbiome composition was different depending on the type of genitourinary malignancies, and we identified bacteria that are significantly associated with each type of malignancy. Specifically, several bacterial species were associated both PC and RC, suggesting that PC and RC share a similar pathogenesis-related urinary microbiome.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Tract
PubMed: 36068003
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220124 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are...
BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less clear than for cervical dysplasia. One potential contributing factor is the anorectal microbiome. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in anal microbiome composition in the settings of HPV infection, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer in this rare disease.
METHODS
Patients were enrolled in two prospective studies. Patients with anal dysplasia were part of a cross-sectional cohort that enrolled women with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia. Anorectal tumor swabs were prospectively collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed locally advanced SCCA prior to receiving standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia without anal dysplasia were considered high-risk (HR Normal). 16S V4 rRNA Microbiome sequencing was performed for anal swabs. Alpha and Beta Diversity and composition were compared for HR Normal, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer.
RESULTS
60 patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia were initially enrolled. Seven patients had concurrent anal dysplasia and 44 patients were considered HR Normal. Anorectal swabs from 21 patients with localized SCCA were included, sequenced, and analyzed in the study. Analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances demonstrated significant differences in microbial community composition between anal cancer and HR normal (p0.018). LEfSe identified that all three groups exhibited differential enrichment of specific taxa. (p=0.028), (p=0.0295) (p=0.034) (p=0.029) were enriched in anal cancer specimens when compared to HR normal.
CONCLUSION
Although alpha diversity was similar between HR Normal, dysplasia and cancer patients, composition differed significantly between the three groups. Increased anorectal , , and abundance were associated with anal cancer. These organisms have been reported in various gastrointestinal cancers with roles in facilitating the proinflammatory microenvironment and neoplasia progression. Future work should investigate a potential role of microbiome analysis in screening for anal dysplasia and investigation into potential mechanisms of how these microbial imbalances influence the immune system and anal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Microbiota; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37063829
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051431