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Journal of Cardiology Sep 2022Ascending aortic perivascular adipose tissue (AA-PVAT) mainly comprises brown adipose tissue (BAT), originates from neural crest cells that derive from ectoderm, and...
BACKGROUND
Ascending aortic perivascular adipose tissue (AA-PVAT) mainly comprises brown adipose tissue (BAT), originates from neural crest cells that derive from ectoderm, and plays important role in angiotensin II-induced vascular inflammation and remodeling in mice. However, the characterization and function of human AA-PVAT remains highly unclear.
METHODS
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 20) and aortic valve disease (AVD) (n = 23) who underwent cardiac surgery consented to take part in transcriptome and histological studies. Paired samples of AA-PVAT, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained. RNA sequencing, histological analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot studies were performed on those samples.
RESULTS
Human AA-PVAT exhibited smaller adipocyte morphology and high expression of brown adipocyte marker. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AA-PVAT showed unique transcriptome characteristics compared with EAT and SAT. While comparing CAD and AVD patients, AA-PVAT exhibited a decreasing brown phenotype and higher inflammatory response in AVD patients. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes in AA-PVAT between CAD and AVD patients were involved mainly in the processes of inflammation and metabolism regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
Human AA-PVAT is a BAT-like adipose tissue with unique transcriptome characteristics, and exhibits a weakened brown phenotype and an enhanced inflammation response in AVD patients.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Aorta; Aortic Valve Disease; Coronary Artery Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Pericardium
PubMed: 35570096
DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.04.004 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Computed Tomography Angiography; Artificial Intelligence; Predictive Value of Tests; Coronary Angiography; Adipose Tissue; Coronary Artery Disease; Pericardium
PubMed: 36881422
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.12.004 -
Association of Epicardial and Pericardial Adipose Tissue Volumes with Coronary Artery Calcification.International Heart Journal Nov 2022Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) are anatomically close to the myocardium and may influence cardiovascular pathology. Thus, in this...
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) are anatomically close to the myocardium and may influence cardiovascular pathology. Thus, in this study, we aim to assess whether EAT and PAT volumes were associated with coronary artery calcification score (CCS) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in overweight and obese individuals.We included consecutive patients with suspected CAD in whom EAT volume, PAT volume, and CCS were measured via computed tomography between September 2015 and June 2017 at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, China. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the risk factors for CCS ≥ 100 Agatston units (AU) and in different body mass index (BMI) subgroups.EAT and PAT volumes were noted to be higher in people with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and CCS ≥ 100 AU (P < 0.05). After adjusting for the traditional CAD factors, we found that EAT and PAT volumes were independent risk factors for CCS ≥ 100 AU (odds ratio, 3.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.900-4.740, P < 0.001). In patients with CCS ≥ 100 AU, the EAT and PAT volumes were noted to be greater in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m and BMI ≥ 28 kg/m subgroups than in the BMI < 24 kg/m and BMI < 28 kg/m subgroups, respectively (P < 0.05).Our results indicate that EAT and PAT volumes may be clinical predictors for a CCS ≥ 100 AU, especially in overweight and obese individuals.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Vascular Calcification; Overweight; Pericardium; Adipose Tissue; Risk Factors; Obesity; Coronary Angiography
PubMed: 36372406
DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-006 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2021The primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of highly malignant tumors with a multidirectional differential potential. The tumors are characterized by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of highly malignant tumors with a multidirectional differential potential. The tumors are characterized by aggressive small round tumor cells that originate from the spinal cord of the central and sympathetic nervous systems. Cases involving the pericardium are extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) that originated in the pericardium.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 23-year-old woman presented with cough and progressive dyspnea for 1 month, followed by eyelid and facial edema for 10 days, without any apparent cause. Significantly elevated tumor markers were detected in her blood. A cardiac ultrasound revealed a 74 mm × 61 mm spherical mass that was attached to the left pericardium, as well as massive pericardial effusion. Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed focal hypermetabolism in the left pericardium. Via histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the spherical mass was identified as PNETS. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of surgical resection via thoracotomy and postoperative chemotherapy, and she was disease-free for 7 years at follow-up. Unfortunately, at 7 years after the treatment, the patient's pPNET recurred. Positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) and 64-slice coronary CTA revealed that the aorta and multiple coronary arteries were involved. Subsequently, the patient refused a heart transplant and voluntarily left the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper reports on a rare and recurrent case of PNET in the parietal pericardium. With respect to the different biologic characteristics and prognoses of pPNETs (compared to other known pericardium tumors), it is essential to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in pericardium tumors.
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral; Pericardium; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34134636
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02113-3 -
Nutrients Jul 2022The observation of correlations between obesity and chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases has led to the emergence of strong interests in "adipocyte biology", in... (Review)
Review
The observation of correlations between obesity and chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases has led to the emergence of strong interests in "adipocyte biology", in particular in relation to a specific visceral adipose tissue that is the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and its pro-inflammatory role. In recent years, different imaging techniques frequently used in daily clinical practice have tried to obtain an EAT quantification. We provide a useful update on comorbidities related to chronic inflammation typical of cardiac adiposity, analyzing how the EAT assessment could impact and provide data on the patient prognosis. We assessed for eligibility 50 papers, with a total of 10,458 patients focusing the review on the evaluation of EAT in two main contexts: cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Given its peculiar properties and rapid responsiveness, EAT could act as a marker to investigate the basal risk factor and follow-up conditions. In the future, EAT could represent a therapeutic target for new medications. The assessment of EAT should become part of clinical practice to help clinicians to identify patients at greater risk of developing cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases and to provide information on their clinical and therapeutic outcomes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Obesity; Pericardium; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35889883
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142926 -
JACC. Clinical Electrophysiology Jun 2023Despite extensive conventional endoepicardial ablation, significant intramural arrhythmogenic substrate may remain out of reach of unipolar radiofrequency ablation... (Review)
Review
Despite extensive conventional endoepicardial ablation, significant intramural arrhythmogenic substrate may remain out of reach of unipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The authors present clinical findings and procedural workflow for bipolar radiofrequency ablation (B-RFA) with 1 catheter placed against the endocardium and the other in the pericardial sac to ablate refractory ventricular arrhythmias. No serious adverse events occurred during B-RFA procedures, and the short-term and midterm clinical results were satisfactory. Optimal catheter choice and ablation parameters settings for B-RFA remain to be determined.
Topics: Humans; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome; Catheter Ablation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Pericardium
PubMed: 37227350
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.02.026 -
Cell Reports Jun 2020Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An...
Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An integral phase of epicardial fate transition is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that confers motility. We uncover an essential role for the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in epicardial invasion and differentiation. Using scRNA-seq, we show that epicardial-specific deletion of Prmt1 reduced matrix and ribosomal gene expression in epicardial-derived cell lineages. PRMT1 regulates splicing of Mdm4, which is a key controller of p53 stability. Loss of PRMT1 leads to accumulation of p53 that enhances Slug degradation and blocks EMT. During heart development, the PRMT1-p53 pathway is required for epicardial invasion and formation of epicardial-derived lineages: cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Consequently, this pathway modulates ventricular morphogenesis and coronary vessel formation. Altogether, our study reveals molecular mechanisms involving the PRMT1-p53 pathway and establish its roles in heart development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Heart; Mice; Myocardium; Pericardium; Pregnancy; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 32521264
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107739 -
Stem Cell Reports Jul 2023The epicardium plays an essential role in cardiogenesis by providing cardiac cell types and paracrine cues to the developing myocardium. The human adult epicardium is...
The epicardium plays an essential role in cardiogenesis by providing cardiac cell types and paracrine cues to the developing myocardium. The human adult epicardium is quiescent, but recapitulation of developmental features may contribute to adult cardiac repair. The cell fate of epicardial cells is proposed to be determined by the developmental persistence of specific subpopulations. Reports on this epicardial heterogeneity have been inconsistent, and data regarding the human developing epicardium are scarce. Here we specifically isolated human fetal epicardium and used single-cell RNA sequencing to define its composition and to identify regulators of developmental processes. Few specific subpopulations were observed, but a clear distinction between epithelial and mesenchymal cells was present, resulting in novel population-specific markers. Additionally, we identified CRIP1 as a previously unknown regulator involved in epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Overall, our human fetal epicardial cell-enriched dataset provides an excellent platform to study the developing epicardium in great detail.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Pericardium; Myocardium; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fetus; Single-Cell Analysis; Carrier Proteins; LIM Domain Proteins
PubMed: 37390825
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.002 -
Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 2023Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a type of diastolic heart failure caused by an inelastic pericardium that impairs cardiac filling. Diagnosing CP can be challenging,...
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a type of diastolic heart failure caused by an inelastic pericardium that impairs cardiac filling. Diagnosing CP can be challenging, and a variety of imaging techniques may be necessary. We present a unique case of severely calcified pericardium leading to CP.
Topics: Humans; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Pericardium; Echocardiography
PubMed: 36698864
DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1183 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Apr 2022
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Humans; Obesity; Pericardium; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35508051
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220103