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Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2022A 10-y-old, castrated male Boxer dog that was born and had lived in Missouri without any travel history to other states, except for a few trips to Kansas, was presented...
A 10-y-old, castrated male Boxer dog that was born and had lived in Missouri without any travel history to other states, except for a few trips to Kansas, was presented with a distended abdomen and declined health. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a large hepatic mass, and the dog was euthanized. A postmortem examination revealed that the left liver lobes were largely replaced by a white-to-tan multilobular mass with a cobblestone surface. The lesion also involved the diaphragm. Histologically, hepatic architecture was effaced by large areas of necrosis with numerous, ≤0.2-cm, cystic structures that stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff stain and contained calcareous corpuscles. Gross and microscopic hepatic lesions were compatible with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by . PCR examination confirmed , and results from genotyping were consistent with the E4 haplotype. To our knowledge, this is only the second canine AE case and the third pet dog that has been confirmed to be infected by in the contiguous United States. is a serious health risk for both pet dogs and humans.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echinococcosis; Echinococcus multilocularis; Male; Missouri
PubMed: 35678137
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104754 -
F1000Research 2022In routine histopathology, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) is the choice fixative. However, formalin is a human carcinogen, so there is a necessity for a safer...
In routine histopathology, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) is the choice fixative. However, formalin is a human carcinogen, so there is a necessity for a safer alternative. To the best of our knowledge, neutral honey, not natural or artificial honey, has not been tested to fix histological samples. This study determined the effectiveness of neutral buffered honey and other types of fixatives to fix histological tissues. The study was conducted between July 2019 and August 2020 at Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. Sections from three rat livers, kidneys, and stomach tissues were fixed with 10% NBF, neutral buffered Sumer honey, neutral buffered date honey, formalin, Sumer honey, date honey, alcoholic formalin, alcoholic Sumer honey, and alcoholic date honey for 24 hours. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stains, and vimentin methods. Three expert biomedical scientists then evaluated the fixed and stained samples for the quality of all sections. The fixation ability of the different honey solutions was then compared to 10% NBF and the utility was determined using nuclear and cytoplasmic criteria, specificity, and intensity. H&E showed adequate staining in all groups compared to 10% NBF. The specificity and intensity of all groups for the Periodic acid-Schiff method were identical to 10% NBF except for Sumer honey and alcoholic date honey. Vimentin showed comparable findings with 10% NBF as there were no significant differences. The findings of this study encourage the use of honey, including neutral, as a possible safe substitute fixative for formalin, however, further experiments on larger specimens should be conducted.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Humans; Fixatives; Vimentin; Honey; Formaldehyde; Carcinogens; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
PubMed: 38433997
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122598.3 -
Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure 2022This study evaluated age-related changes in the testicular morphophysiology of the cane rat () using histological, histochemical, and sex hormonal profile approaches....
This study evaluated age-related changes in the testicular morphophysiology of the cane rat () using histological, histochemical, and sex hormonal profile approaches. Twenty (20) pathogen-free male cane rats were used for the investigation. Cane rats were divided into four groups: prepubertal (≤4 months), pubertal (>4 ≤12 months), adult (>12 ≤30 months), and aged (>30 months) of 5 rats each. Blood was collected from the different cane rat groups and processed for sex serum hormonal levels. Testes were also excised and processed routinely for variations in histology, histochemistry (using Masson's trichrome [MT] and Periodic acid-Schiff [PAS]), and histomorphometric evaluations using GIMP2 software. Testosterone concentrations were significantly elevated ( < 0.05) in the prepubertal to adult, while there were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in this hormone between adult and aged. The concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased significantly ( < 0.05) for prepubertal, pubertal, and adult, respectively. There were no significant differences ( > 0.05) between adult and aged for FSH and luteinizing hormone. Histologically, there were scanty interstitial cells, lack of patent lumen, and incomplete spermatogenetic cell series in prepubertal compared to other age groups. Testicular capsular (MT and PAS) staining intensity increased with age advancement, while in the parenchyma, remarkably high intensity was displayed by the pubertal compared to others. Seminiferous tubular and luminal diameters (LD) significantly ( < 0.05) increased with advancing age whereas epithelial height (EH) was markedly increased in pubertal relative to other groups. In conclusion, these sets of data have shown that reproductive activity is directly related to age and is at maximum in adult cane rat.
PubMed: 36504588
DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_84_20 -
International Journal of General... 2022This study focused on renal arteriosclerosis and aimed to explore the relationship between Klotho and SIRT1 by morphological staining, which will help to provide new...
BACKGROUND
This study focused on renal arteriosclerosis and aimed to explore the relationship between Klotho and SIRT1 by morphological staining, which will help to provide new ideas for the treatment of renal-aging-related diseases and a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs.
METHODS
Kidney tissue samples were collected from patients who underwent nephrectomy. HK-2 cells were cultured. The Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson's Trichrome staining, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, Immunofluorescence (ICC) and bioinformatics means were used for this study.
RESULTS
HE staining showed that glomerulosclerosis was atrophic and cast was significantly increased luminal narrowing of renal arterioles in aging group. PAS staining showed that the number of podocytes was reduced, the mesangial matrix expansion and the intimal fibrosis of renal arterioles. Masson's trichrome staining showed that there was massive collagen proliferation in the tubulointerstitial in aging group, as well as intimal thickening and fibrin deposition in the tubular walls of arterioles. IHC staining showed that the expression of Klotho and SIRT1 protein was downregulated in aging group and the trend of the two was positively correlated (P < 0.01). Klotho and SIRT1 co-localized in HK-2 cells and kidney tissue. The GEPIA database analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Klotho and SIRT1 in multiple human tissues and tumors.
CONCLUSION
Glomerulosclerosis in aging group is accompanied by low expression of Klotho and SIRT1 in renal tissue, and Klotho is positively correlated with SIRT1. Klotho-SIRT1 pathway may be involved in the occurrence and development of renal-aging-related diseases.
PubMed: 36304672
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S384119 -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2023The golden hamster is a choice model for investigating many visceral and splenic infections and neoplastic and retrospective lesions.
BACKGROUND
The golden hamster is a choice model for investigating many visceral and splenic infections and neoplastic and retrospective lesions.
AIM
To study hamsters' spleen's morphological, histological, and histochemical structure.
METHODS
Samples were collected from eight healthy adult golden hamsters and then fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Later, samples were processed, sectioned, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson's Trichrome stain. Other slides were further stained with Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian blue 2.5 stain (PAS) for histochemical evolution; the gross measurement was performed for the splenic length, width, and thickness, while the histological measures included the splenic capsular and trabecula thickness, diameter of white pulp follicles, splenic sinusoids and central arteries and proportion of white and red pulps.
RESULTS
The macroscopic findings revealed that the spleen was red-brown lanciform on the left side of the dorsolateral abdominal wall. The morphological measurements for splenic length, width, and thickness were 26.6 ± 7.67, 4.17 ± 1.65, and 1.70 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The histological observations showed that the splenic capsule was composed of two layers (serosal and subserosal). The inner layer sends trabeculae dividing the splenic parenchyma irregularly, and the splenic parenchyma comprises the white and red pulp. The white pulp follicles included the mantle, marginal zones, and the PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath), while the red pulp constituted splenic cords and sinuses. The histomorphological findings showed that white pulp follicles and the central artery mean diameter were 252.62 ± 8.07 µm and 54.45 ± 0.36 µm respectively, the proportion of white to a red pulp was 0.49 ± 0.01, the splenic capsule, trabecula and the wall of splenic arteries showed an intense positive activity to PAS stain and negative or weak in other splenic structures.
CONCLUSION
The similarities and differences in the spleen between the laboratory animals and hamsters were apparent in this article, so understanding the morphological and histological structure of the spleen presents significant assistance with species identification to select the appropriate experimental animal model in future medical research.
Topics: Cricetinae; Animals; Spleen; Mesocricetus; Retrospective Studies; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 37026067
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i3.1 -
Heliyon Mar 2023The aim of this study was to explore the histopathological and genetic changes in the submandibular glands after duct ligation and provide important clues to functional...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the histopathological and genetic changes in the submandibular glands after duct ligation and provide important clues to functional regeneration.
DESIGN
We established a rat salivary gland duct ligation model and observed pathological changes in the rat submandibular gland on day 1 and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff staining, Masson staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and immunohistochemical staining. RNA sequencing was performed on normal salivary glands and those from the ligation model after 1 week. Significantly differentially expressed genes were selected, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Apoptosis levels and histological and functional KEGG pathway analyses showed that injury to the salivary gland after ligation gradually increased. The TGF-β pathway was activated and promoted fibrosis. RNA sequencing results and further verification of samples at week 1 showed that the NF-κB pathway plays a vital role in salivary gland atrophy.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results detailed the pathological changes in the submandibular gland after ligation and the important functions of the NF-κB pathway.
PubMed: 36950625
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14288 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jul 2023Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite...
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface defects always exist on the SnO film coated by the CBD process, impairing the devices' performance. Here, a facile periodic acid post-treatment (PAPT) method is developed to modify the SnO layer. Periodic acid can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO films and oxidize Tin(II) oxide to Tin(IV) oxide. With the help of periodic acid, a better energy level alignment between the SnO and perovskite layers is achieved. In addition, the PAPT method inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination and facilitates charge transportation. Such a multifunctional strategy enables to fabricate PSC with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.25%, which remains 93.32% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, 3 × 3 cm perovskite mini-modules are presented, achieving a champion efficiency of 18.10%. All these results suggest that the PAPT method is promising for promoting the commercial application of large-area PSCs.
PubMed: 37140187
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300010 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Nov 2022The purpose of this study was to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid (GA) on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid (GA) on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.
METHODS
CCK-8 assay and Draize eye test were used to determine the non-cytotoxic concentration of GA in RAW264.7 cells and an A. fumigatus keratitis mouse model. The antifungal effects of GA were analyzed using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm formation test, fungal adherence assay, calcofluor white staining, and propidium iodide staining. The therapeutic effects of GA were estimated by slit lamp photographs, clinical score, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Periodic acid-Schiff staining in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining and myeloperoxidase assay were conducted to identify neutrophil infiltration and activity. RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/HO-1.
RESULTS
In HCECs and A. fumigatus keratitis mouse model, GA at 100 µg/mL did not affect cell viability, thus this concentration was applied to subsequent experiments. In vitro, GA significantly inhibited A. fumigatus growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion. In vivo, 100 µg/mL GA alleviated the severity of fungal keratitis (FK) by repressing fungal load, reducing neutrophil infiltration, and lowering MPO activity. Besides, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, LOX-1, and COX-2 was inhibited, whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was enhanced at both mRNA and protein levels in the 100 µg/mL GA treated group in comparison to PBS control.
CONCLUSIONS
GA ameliorates FK severity through inhibiting A. fumigatus load, reducing neutrophils infiltration, downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which provides new insight into A. fumigatus keratitis treatment.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Aspergillus fumigatus; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Aspergillosis; Antifungal Agents; Gallic Acid; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Keratitis; Eye Infections, Fungal; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36350620
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.12 -
Frontiers in Toxicology 2022To protect developing brain from any unfavorable effects, it is necessary to construct experimental techniques that can sensitively detect and evaluate developmental...
To protect developing brain from any unfavorable effects, it is necessary to construct experimental techniques that can sensitively detect and evaluate developmental toxicity. We have previously shown that brain perivascular tissues, especially perivascular macrophages (PVMs), respond sensitively even to weak stimuli by foreign toxicants such as low-dose exposure to nanoparticle. This paper shows the protocol of a novel staining method that enables easy detection and rapid evaluation of brain perivascular abnormalities. As weak stimulus, low-dose of carbon black nanoparticle (95 μg/kg) or titanium dioxide nanoparticle (100 μg/kg) was intranasally administered to pregnant mice at gestational days 5 and 9. The offspring brains were used to confirm the properties of PVMs and to find suitable protocols for the detection and evaluation of the mild denaturation of PVMs. Furthermore, various procedures of novel combinational double staining including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry were examined. In addition, we checked the alterations in neurotransmitter levels and the behaviors of the offspring. Maternal exposure to low-dose of nanoparticle at levels where no significant effects on the brain were observed, such as abnormal behavior, alteration of neurotransmitter levels, or microglial activation, resulted in mild denaturation of the PVMs, which was captured by PAS staining. However, it was difficult to detect and determine slight histopathological alterations. Therefore, we established PAS-immunohistochemical double-staining method for the brain. This double staining method enabled easy detection and rapid evaluation of brain perivascular abnormalities and the relationship between PVMs and the surrounding cells. In addition, this double staining allows evaluation of the histopathological denaturation of the PVMs and the associated abnormalities in the surrounding tissues in the same section. The slight responses of brain perivascular tissues, such as mild denaturation of PVMs, were sensitively and easily determined by the PAS-immunohistochemical double-staining method. This double staining method is a powerful tool to assess brain perivascular injuries including PVM denaturation and the relationship between the expression of various molecules and the morphology of PVMs. We propose that the observation of the tissue around brain blood vessels using the double staining provides potential endpoints to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity.
PubMed: 35391824
DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.825984 -
Cureus May 2023Histiocytes are cells that are involved in the immune responses of the body. They are unable to properly break down the bacterial material in malakoplakia, a chronic...
Histiocytes are cells that are involved in the immune responses of the body. They are unable to properly break down the bacterial material in malakoplakia, a chronic granulomatous histiocytic disease that occurs in immunocompromised patients and autoimmune conditions. Very few reports of these lesions exist, as those that occur in the gallbladder. It typically affects the urinary bladder, alimentary tract, cutaneous, hepato-biliary, and male and female genital systems. These lesions are usually incidental findings that result in patients being misdiagnosed. A 70-year-old female presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and malakoplakia of the gallbladder was diagnosed. Histopathology findings revealed malakoplakia of the gallbladder, and the same was confirmed with special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). This case highlights the role of gross and histopathology findings as a clue to the diagnosis, which helps the surgeon with further management.
PubMed: 37313104
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38912