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Journal of Periodontology May 2023The resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by specialized lipid mediators called lipoxins and resolvins. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play...
BACKGROUND
The resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by specialized lipid mediators called lipoxins and resolvins. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a significant role in periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on human PDLF cell wound healing and proliferation, receptor expression (G-protein-coupled receptor 32 [GPR32] and formyl peptide receptor 2 [ALX/FPR2]), and cytokine expression and release.
METHODS
PDLFs were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (500 pg/ml) with and without RvD1 (100 nM). RvD1 receptor expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Wound closure was measured by a scratch assay, and proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 (MMP-1, -2, and -3), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and -2), prostaglandin E2, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression and production were measured using qPCR and Western blotting, multiplex immunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
PDLF expressed GPR32 and ALX/FPR2. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of wound healing and proliferation of PDLF. IL-1β also induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. This effect was reversed by RvD1. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and OPG.
CONCLUSION
The data suggested that RvD1 has a pro-wound healing, proliferative, and anti-inflammatory impact on the PDLF that favors periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Periodontal Ligament; Inflammation; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fibroblasts; Cytokines
PubMed: 36416879
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.22-0462 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Apr 2023Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
INTRODUCTION
Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between empirically derived groups of 19 IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms and cognition in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
The study population consisted of participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), who were 60 y and older, among whom cognition and IgG antibodies against 19 periodontal microorganisms were measured ( = 5,162).
RESULTS
In multivariable quantile regression analyses, the Orange-Red (Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and Yellow-Orange (Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Capnocytophaga ochracea) cluster scores were negatively associated with cognition. A 1-unit higher cluster score for the Orange-Red cluster was associated on average with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2640; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.3431 to -0.1848). Similarly, a 1-unit higher score for the Yellow-Orange cluster was associated with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2445; 95% CI, -0.3517 to -0.1372).
CONCLUSION
Groups of IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among free living adults 60 years and older, who were previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Though poor oral health precedes the development of dementia and AD, oral health information is currently not used, to our knowledge, to predict dementia or AD risk. Combining our findings with current algorithms may improve risk prediction for dementia and AD.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION STATEMENT
IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among adults 60 years and older previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Periodontal disease may predict cognition among older adults.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Cognition; Immunoglobulin G; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Oral Health; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 35139675
DOI: 10.1177/23800844211072784 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Apr 2023Gingiva or gum is a part of the periodontium that surrounds the tooth. Its main function is to provide an effective barrier to both mechanical trauma and bacterial...
Gingiva or gum is a part of the periodontium that surrounds the tooth. Its main function is to provide an effective barrier to both mechanical trauma and bacterial invasion. Gingiva is the target site for some topical drugs. The most common disease in gingiva is periodontal diseases (gum infections). Understanding the gingiva barrier properties could provide insights into approaches to effective drug delivery for the gingiva. Porcine gingiva was chosen as the model in the present membrane transport study. The permeability coefficients of gingiva were determined using a modified Franz diffusion cell with small diffusional area (0.03 cm) and 12 model permeants with different physicochemical properties. The influences of edge effect and aqueous boundary layers were not observed in the modified diffusion cell setup for the small pieces of gingiva tissue samples. Lipophilic permeants exhibit higher permeability coefficients than hydrophilic permeants. A correlation was observed between the Log permeability coefficient (Log P) and Log octanol-water distribution coefficient (Log D) in the analysis. The permeant molecular weight (MW) was also a factor in the Log P vs. Log D relationship. The coefficient of Log D in this three-factor relationship (0.42) suggested that the gingiva barrier was less lipophilic than octanol.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Gingiva; Biological Transport; Diffusion; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Water; Octanols; Permeability
PubMed: 36417948
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.11.016 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Periapical lesions are infectious diseases that occur in the apical region of teeth. They result in the destruction of alveolar bone and are usually accompanied by... (Review)
Review
Periapical lesions are infectious diseases that occur in the apical region of teeth. They result in the destruction of alveolar bone and are usually accompanied by swelling, pain, and possible systemic impacts. A complex interaction between pathogens and the host immune system determines the development, progression, and outcome of periapical lesions. The lesions, if not treated promptly, may cause resorption of bone tissue, destruction of the periodontal ligament, and loss of the affected teeth, all of which can severely worsen the quality of life of patients, often at considerable economic cost to both patients and medical organizations. Macrophages are a group of heterogeneous cells that have many roles in the development of infections, destruction and reconstruction of bone tissues, and microbe-host interactions. However, the differential and comprehensive polarization of macrophages complicates the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of periapical lesion progression. This report provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in our knowledge of the potential role of macrophages in determining the turnover of human periapical lesions. For example, macrophage differentiation might indicate whether the lesions are stable or progressing while the extent of bacteria invasion could regulate the differentiation and function of macrophages involved in the periapical lesion. In addition, alternative strategies for the treatment of apical periodontitis are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Macrophages; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontal Ligament; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36131939
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949102 -
Biomolecules Nov 2022Resulting from bacterial infection, apical periodontitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease of the periapical region of the tooth. The regeneration of the destroyed... (Review)
Review
Resulting from bacterial infection, apical periodontitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease of the periapical region of the tooth. The regeneration of the destroyed periapical alveolar bone and the surrounding periodontium tissues has long been a difficult task in clinical practice. These lesions are closely related to pathogen invasion and an overreactive immune response. It is worth noting that the protective healing process occurs simultaneously, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a crucial function in mediating the immune system and promoting regeneration. Here, we review the recent studies related to AP, with a focus on the regulatory network of MSCs. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches of MSCs in inflammatory diseases to provide a basis for promoting tissue regeneration and modulating inflammation in AP. A deeper understanding of the protective action of MSCs and the regulatory networks will help to delineate the underlying mechanisms of AP and pave the way for stem-cell-based regenerative medicine in the future.
Topics: Humans; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontium; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Tooth; Inflammation
PubMed: 36551165
DOI: 10.3390/biom12121737 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Oral health is crucial to daily life, yet many people worldwide suffer from oral diseases. With the development of oral tissue engineering, there is a growing demand for... (Review)
Review
Oral health is crucial to daily life, yet many people worldwide suffer from oral diseases. With the development of oral tissue engineering, there is a growing demand for dental biomaterials. Addressing oral diseases often requires a two-fold approach: fighting bacterial infections and promoting tissue growth. Hydrogels are promising tissue engineering biomaterials that show great potential for oral tissue regeneration and drug delivery. In this review, we present a classification of hydrogels commonly used in dental research, including natural and synthetic hydrogels. Furthermore, recent applications of these hydrogels in endodontic restorations, periodontal tissues, mandibular and oral soft tissue restorations, and related clinical studies are also discussed, including various antimicrobial and tissue growth promotion strategies used in the dental applications of hydrogels. While hydrogels have been increasingly studied in oral tissue engineering, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed for satisfactory clinical outcomes. This paper summarizes the current issues in the abovementioned application areas and discusses possible future developments.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Hydrogels; Periodontium; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37175356
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093946 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and periodontal tissues, throwing light on their current inhibitors. The article addresses the potential of MMPs to serve as biomarkers with diagnostic and therapeutic value.
DESIGN
The sections of this review discuss MMPs' involvement in developmental, remodeling, degradational and turnover aspects of dental and periodontal tissues as well as their signals in the pathogenesis, progress of different lesions and wound healing of these tissues. The literature was searched for original research articles, review articles and theses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for articles published in the last 20 years.
RESULTS
119 published papers, two textbooks and two doctoral theses were selected for preparing the current review.
CONCLUSIONS
MMPs are significant proteases, of evident contribution in dental and periapical tissue development, health and disease processes, with promising potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Continuing understanding of their role in pathogenesis and progress of different dental, periapical and periodontal lesions, as well as in dentine-pulp wound healing could be a keystone to future diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dental Caries; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Periodontium
PubMed: 36012195
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168929 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020Chronic periodontitis is spreading worldwide and mutually interacts with systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Although periodontopathic bacteria are inevitable... (Review)
Review
Chronic periodontitis is spreading worldwide and mutually interacts with systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Although periodontopathic bacteria are inevitable pathogens in their onset and progression, many cases are not ascribable to the virulence of these bacteria because the effect of plaque control is limited. In contrast, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the periodontium has been correlated with chronic periodontitis and has recently been considered as a promising pathogenic candidate for this disease. However, several important questions have yet to be addressed. For instance, although EBV latently infects more than 90% of individuals over the world, why do patients with chronic periodontitis exclusively harbor progeny EBV in the oral cavity? In addition, how does latently infected or reactivated EBV in the periodontium relate to the onset or progression of chronic periodontitis? Finally, is periodontitis incurable because EBV is the pathogen for chronic periodontitis? In this review, we attempt to answer these questions by reporting the current understanding of molecular relations and mechanisms between periodontopathic bacteria and EBV reactivation in the context of how this relationship may pertain to the etiology of chronic periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Periodontitis; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium
PubMed: 32178406
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061940 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Feb 2023Periodontitis is a high prevalence oral disease which damages both the hard and soft tissue of the periodontium, resulting in tooth mobility and even loss. Existing... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a high prevalence oral disease which damages both the hard and soft tissue of the periodontium, resulting in tooth mobility and even loss. Existing clinical treatment methods cannot fully achieve periodontal tissue regeneration; thus, due to the unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have become the focus of attention and may be the most promising new therapy for periodontitis. Accumulating evidence supports the view that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine is mainly achieved by the paracrine pathway rather than direct proliferation and differentiation at the injured site. Various cells release lipid-enclosed particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in bioactive substances. In periodontitis, EVs play a pivotal role in regulating the biological functions of both periodontal tissue cells and immune cells, as well as the local microenvironment, thereby promoting periodontal injury repair and tissue regeneration. As a cell-free therapy, MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have some preponderance on stability, immune rejection, ethical supervision, and other problems; therefore, they may have a broad clinical application prospect. Herein, we gave a brief introduction to MSC-EVs and focused on their mechanisms and clinical application in periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Vesicles; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Periodontal Ligament; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 36782259
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03242-6 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Efforts to map gingival tissue proteomes and microbiomes have been hampered by lack of sufficient tissue extraction methods. The pressure cycling technology (PCT) is an...
Efforts to map gingival tissue proteomes and microbiomes have been hampered by lack of sufficient tissue extraction methods. The pressure cycling technology (PCT) is an emerging platform for reproducible tissue homogenisation and improved sequence retrieval coverage. Therefore, we employed PCT to characterise the proteome and microbiome profiles in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. Healthy and diseased contralateral gingival tissue samples (total = 10) were collected from five systemically healthy individuals (51.6 ± 4.3 years) with generalised chronic periodontitis. The tissues were then lysed and digested using a Barocycler, proteins were prepared and submitted for mass spectrometric analysis and microbiome DNA for 16S rRNA profiling analysis. Overall, 1,366 human proteins were quantified (false discovery rate 0.22%), of which 69 proteins were differentially expressed (≥2 peptides and < 0.05, 62 up, 7 down) in periodontally diseased sites, compared to healthy sites. These were primarily extracellular or vesicle-associated proteins, with functions in molecular transport. On the microbiome level, 362 species-level operational taxonomic units were identified. Of those, 14 predominant species accounted for >80% of the total relative abundance, whereas 11 proved to be significantly different between healthy and diseased sites. Among them, sp. HMT253 and and were associated with disease sites and strongly interacted ( > 0.7) with 30 and 6 up-regulated proteins, respectively. Healthy-site associated strains sp. HMT478 and sp. HMT417 showed strong negative interactions ( < -0.7) with 31, 21, 9, and 18 up-regulated proteins, respectively. In contrast the down-regulated proteins did not show strong interactions with the regulated bacteria. The present study identified the proteomic and intra-tissue microbiome profile of human gingiva by employing a PCT-assisted workflow. This is the first report demonstrating the feasibility to analyse full proteome profiles of gingival tissues in both healthy and disease sites, while deciphering the tissue site-specific microbiome signatures.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Gingiva; Humans; Microbiota; Proteome; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 33117738
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588155