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Annals of Medicine 2023To investigate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of Chinese anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with different...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of Chinese anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with different ANCA serotypes.
METHODS
Two hundred and twenty-four AAV patients from January 2010 to June 2021 were divided into myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA groups. Clinical and long-term outcomes were compared.
RESULTS
In this study, the average follow-up was 46.4 months (range 0.3-188.4 months). One hundred and seventy-seven (79.0%) patients were MPO-ANCA-positive and 47 were PR3-ANCA-positive; the mean age of MPO-ANCA positive patients at diagnosis was elder than that of PR3-ANCA positive patients (67.0 vs. 60.0 years, = .004). Among PR3-ANCA-positive patients, ear, nose and throat symptoms were more common ( = .014). Between two ANCA serotypes, there were no differences in complement 3 (C3), Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), five-factor score (FFS) or other organ involvements. For all AAV patients, the overall survival rates at one, three and five years were 80.0%, 67.0% and 56.4%, respectively. The cumulative relapse-free rates of one, three and five years were 89.5%, 76.4% and 68.4%, respectively. The survival of AAV patients was unaffected by the ANCA serotype ( = .23). The ANCA serotype also had no effect on either disease relapse ( = .20) or remission rates ( = .10). In our study, PR3-ANCA patients showed a better long-term survival, as the 5-year survival rate and the 5-year relapse-free survival rate of PR3-ANCA patients were 60.7% and 76.9%, while that of MPO-ANCA patients were 55.2% and 65.8%, respectively. Rather than ANCA serotype, younger patients with milder kidney involvement and lower disease assessment scores (BVAS and FFS) might be more relevant to better prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The likelihood of induced remission, patient survival or disease recurrence is all unaffected by ANCA serotypes. A better prognosis is seen in younger patients with milder kidney involvement and lower BVAS/FFS scores.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Serogroup; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Myeloblastin; Prognosis; Peroxidase; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38056010
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2289614 -
Research in Veterinary Science May 2023This study aimed to investigate the immune-metabolic status and growth performance of Simmental calves born from cows subjected to pegbovigrastim administration 7 days...
This study aimed to investigate the immune-metabolic status and growth performance of Simmental calves born from cows subjected to pegbovigrastim administration 7 days before calving. Eight calves born from cows subjected to pegbovigrastim administration (PEG group) and 9 calves born from untreated cows (CTR group) were used. Growth measurements and blood samples were collected from birth to 60 d of age. The PEG group had lower body weight from 28 up to 60 d of age (P < 0.01), lower heart girth (P < 0.05), lower weekly and total average daily gain values (P < 0.05) than the CTR group throughout the monitoring period. A decrease in milk replacer (MR) intake was observed in the PEG group compared with the CTR group around 20-28 d of age (P < 0.01). The PEG group had lower values of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at d 1 of age (P < 0.05), Zn at 21 and 28 d of age (P < 0.05), hemoglobin, MCH and MCHC at 54 and 60 d of age (P < 0.01), and higher urea concentration at 21 and 28 d of age (P < 0.05) compared with the CTR group. Lower values of retinol (P < 0.05), tocopherol (P < 0.01), mean myeloperoxidase index (P < 0.05) and higher total reactive oxygen metabolites (P < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05) were also detected in the PEG group. In light of the results gathered in the current study, it can be speculated that activation of the cow's immune system by pegbovigrastim could have influenced the immune competence, growth performance as well as the balance between oxidant and antioxidant indices of the newborn calf.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Cattle; Peroxidase; Weaning; Parturition; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Diet; Animal Feed; Milk
PubMed: 37012186
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.019 -
Biosensors Dec 2023The accurate and simultaneous detection of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP), is of paramount importance in clinical diagnostic fields....
The accurate and simultaneous detection of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP), is of paramount importance in clinical diagnostic fields. Herein, we developed cerium-molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (Ce-MoS NFs) using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and demonstrated that they are highly conductive and exhibit significant peroxidase-mimicking activity, which was applied for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of DA and EP. Ce-MoS NFs showed a unique structure, comprising MoS NFs with divalent Ce ions. This structural design imparted a significantly enlarged surface area of 220.5 m g with abundant active sites as well as enhanced redox properties, facilitating electron transfer and peroxidase-like catalytic action compared with bare MoS NFs without Ce incorporation. Based on these beneficial features, Ce-MoS NFs were incorporated onto a screen-printed electrode (Ce-MoS NFs/SPE), enabling the electrochemical detection of HO based on their peroxidase-like activity. Ce-MoS NFs/SPE biosensors also showed distinct electrocatalytic oxidation characteristics for DA and EP, consequently yielding the highly selective, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of target DA and EP. Dynamic linear ranges for both DA and EP were determined to be 0.05~100 μM, with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 28 nM and 44 nM, respectively. This study shows the potential of hierarchically structured Ce-incorporated MoS NFs to enhance the detection performances of electrochemical biosensors, thus enabling extensive applications in healthcare, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
Topics: Peroxidase; Dopamine; Molybdenum; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peroxidases; Epinephrine; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 38131775
DOI: 10.3390/bios13121015 -
Biomolecules Jun 2021In the present study, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was covalently immobilized onto two functionalized photocatalytic supports (TiO and ZnO) to create novel hybrid...
In the present study, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was covalently immobilized onto two functionalized photocatalytic supports (TiO and ZnO) to create novel hybrid biocatalysts (TiO-SBP and ZnO-SBP). Immobilization caused a slight shift in the pH optima of SBP activity (pH 5.0 to 4.0), whereas the free and TiO-immobilized SBP showed similar thermal stability profiles. The newly developed hybrid biocatalysts were used for the degradation of 21 emerging pollutants in the presence and absence of 1-hydroxy benzotriazole (HOBT) as a redox mediator. Notably, all the tested pollutants were not equally degraded by the SBP treatment and some of the tested pollutants were either partially degraded or appeared to be recalcitrant to enzymatic degradation. The presence of HOBT enhanced the degradation of the pollutants, while it also inhibited the degradation of some contaminants. Interestingly, TiO and ZnO-immobilized SBP displayed better degradation efficiency of a few emerging pollutants than the free enzyme. Furthermore, a combined enzyme-chemical oxidation remediation strategy was employed to degrade two recalcitrant pollutants, which suggest a novel application of these novel hybrid peroxidase-photocatalysts. Lastly, the reusability profile indicated that the TiO-SBP hybrid biocatalyst retained up to 95% degradation efficiency of a model pollutant (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) after four consecutive degradation cycles.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Environmental Pollutants; Enzymes, Immobilized; Peroxidase; Plant Proteins; Glycine max; Titanium; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 34204500
DOI: 10.3390/biom11060904 -
Methods in Cell Biology 2021Neutralization of pathogens by phagocytic immune cells requires the biogenesis of a compartmentalized hotspot of reactive species called the phagosome. One of these...
Neutralization of pathogens by phagocytic immune cells requires the biogenesis of a compartmentalized hotspot of reactive species called the phagosome. One of these reactive species is hypochlorous acid (HOCl), produced by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) after the phagosome fuses with the lysosome. Mapping HOCl during phagosome maturation can report on pathogen killing and offer insights into regulation of MPO activity, mechanisms of resistance and host-pathogen interactions. However, this has been difficult because of a lack of a suitable method to chemically map a transient organelle with pH fluctuations like the phagosome. Here, we detail a protocol for quantifying HOCl dynamics in phagosomes using a fluorescent DNA-based reporter. Compared to traditional methods of visualizing HOCl or measuring MPO activity, this method offers sub-cellular spatial resolution and the capacity to assay HOCl production with single cell resolution.
Topics: Hypochlorous Acid; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Phagocytes; Phagosomes
PubMed: 34225911
DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.10.006 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022MPO-derived oxidants including HOCl contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of inflammatory diseases. The search for small molecule inhibitors of...
MPO-derived oxidants including HOCl contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of inflammatory diseases. The search for small molecule inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, as molecular tools and potential drugs, requires the application of high throughput screening assays based on monitoring the activity of myeloperoxidase. In this study, we have compared three classes of fluorescent probes for monitoring myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid, including boronate-, aminophenyl- and thiol-based fluorogenic probes and we show that all three classes of probes are suitable for this purpose. However, probes based on the coumarin fluorophore turned out to be not reliable indicators of the inhibitors' potency. We have also determined the rate constants of the reaction between HOCl and the probes and they are equal to 1.8 × 10 Ms for coumarin boronic acid (CBA), 1.1 × 10 Ms for fluorescein based boronic acid (FLBA), 3.1 × 10 Ms for 7-(p-aminophenyl)-coumarin (APC), 1.6 × 10 Ms for 3'-(p-aminophenyl)-fluorescein (APF), and 1 × 10 Ms for 4-thiomorpholino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-TM). The high reaction rate constant of NBD-TM with HOCl makes this probe the most reliable tool to monitor HOCl formation in the presence of compounds showing HOCl-scavenging activity.
Topics: Boronic Acids; Coumarins; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Hypochlorous Acid; Peroxidase
PubMed: 35660769
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13317-8 -
Molecular Biology and Evolution Feb 2022Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important gene regulators in bacteria, but it is unclear how new sRNAs originate and become part of regulatory networks that coordinate bacterial...
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important gene regulators in bacteria, but it is unclear how new sRNAs originate and become part of regulatory networks that coordinate bacterial response to environmental stimuli. Using a covariance modeling-based approach, we analyzed the presence of hundreds of sRNAs in more than a thousand genomes across Enterobacterales, a bacterial order with a confluence of factors that allows robust genome-scale sRNA analyses: several well-studied organisms with fairly conserved genome structures, an established phylogeny, and substantial nucleotide diversity within a narrow evolutionary space. We discovered that a majority of sRNAs arose recently, and uncovered protein-coding genes as a potential source from which new sRNAs arise. A detailed investigation of the emergence of OxyS, a peroxide-responding sRNA, revealed that it evolved from a fragment of a peroxidase messenger RNA. Importantly, although it replaced the ancestral peroxidase, OxyS continues to be part of the ancestral peroxide-response regulon, indicating that an sRNA that arises from a protein-coding gene would inherently be part of the parental protein's regulatory network. This new insight provides a fresh framework for understanding sRNA origin and regulatory integration in bacteria.
Topics: Enterobacteriaceae; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Peroxidase; Peroxides; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Untranslated
PubMed: 35084505
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac020 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Drought tolerance is a complex trait in plants that involves different biochemical mechanisms. During two years of study (2019-2020), the responses of 64 arugula...
Drought tolerance is a complex trait in plants that involves different biochemical mechanisms. During two years of study (2019-2020), the responses of 64 arugula genotypes to drought stress were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. Several metabolic traits were evaluated, i.e. relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), proline, malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase), total phenolic and flavonoid contents and seed yield. On average, the drought stress significantly increased the proline content (24%), catalase (42%), peroxidase (60%) and malondialdehyde activities (116%) over the two years of study. As a result of the drought stress, the seed yield (18%), relative water content (19.5%) and amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) dropped significantly. However, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed no significant changes. Under drought stress, the highest seed yields were seen in the G, G, G, G and G genotypes, while the lowest value was observed in the G genotype (94 g plant). According to the findings, when compared to the drought-sensitive genotypes, the drought-tolerant arugula genotypes were marked with higher levels of proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity. Correlation analysis indicated the positive effects of peroxidase, catalase and proline on seed yield under drought conditions. These traits can be considered for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes in breeding programs.
Topics: Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Catalase; Chlorophyll; Coloring Agents; Droughts; Flavonoids; Malondialdehyde; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Plant Breeding; Seeds; Brassicaceae; Acclimatization
PubMed: 37429927
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38028-6 -
PeerJ 2023Hydrogen sulfide (HS), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule, plays an important role in plant growth regulation and resistance to abiotic stress. This study aims to...
Hydrogen sulfide (HS), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule, plays an important role in plant growth regulation and resistance to abiotic stress. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of exogenous HS on the growth and development of seedlings under salt stress and to determine the optimal concentration for foliar application. To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous HS (donor sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mM on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant system, and osmoregulation in seedlings under 300 mM NaCl stress. The growth of seedlings was inhibited by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leaves, elevated activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and accumulated superoxide anion (O), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble protein content in leaves; and increased L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous HS content. This indicated that a high level of ROS was produced in the leaves of seedlings and seriously affected the growth and development of seedlings. The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O , proline and MDA, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins), while the LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous HS were further increased with the continuous application of exogenous HS. The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated. A comprehensive analysis showed that the LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the alleviating effect of exogenous HS on seedlings under salt stress. The optimal concentration of exogenous HS for seedlings under salt stress was 0.025 mM. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of and for cultivating high-quality germplasm resources.
Topics: Salt Tolerance; Hydrogen Sulfide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Seedlings; Antioxidants; Salt Stress; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Coloring Agents; Deuterium
PubMed: 37641597
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15881 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The continuous cropping obstacle has become the key factor that seriously restricts the growth, yield, and quality of . In this study, the effects of chitosan on the...
The continuous cropping obstacle has become the key factor that seriously restricts the growth, yield, and quality of . In this study, the effects of chitosan on the growth, photosynthesis, resistance, yield, and quality of the continuous cropping of were investigated by two field spraying methods. The results indicate that continuous cropping significantly ( < 0.05) raised the inverted seedling rate of and inhibited its growth, yield, and quality. Spraying of 0.5~1.0% chitosan effectively increased the leaf area and plant height of continuous , and reduced its inverted seedling rate. Meanwhile, 0.5~1.0% chitosan spraying could notably increase its photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), and decrease its soluble sugar, proline (Pro), and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents, as well as promoting its superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Additionally, 0.5~1.0% chitosan spraying could also effectively enhance its yield and quality. This finding highlights that chitosan can be proposed as an alternative and practicable mitigator for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of .
Topics: Pinellia; Chitosan; Photosynthesis; Peroxidase; Superoxide Dismutase; Seedlings
PubMed: 36903297
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052053