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BMC Immunology Sep 2022The significance of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been clarified. This study was dedicated to...
BACKGROUND
The significance of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been clarified. This study was dedicated to exploring the potential pathogenic roles of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-positive vasculitis.
METHODS
Serum and urine concentrations of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 of forty-two AAV patients were evaluated. The influence of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 on the chemotaxis, the apoptosis, the release of IL-1β, the complement activation, the respiratory burst, as well as the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation of MPO-ANCA-activated neutrophils was investigated.
RESULTS
The serum and urine S100A8/A9 and S100A12 of active MPO-AAV significantly increased (compared with inactive AAV and healthy controls, p < 0.001) and were correlated with the severity of the disease. In vitro study showed that S100A8/A9 and S100A12 activated the p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 pathway, increased the chemotaxis index (CI) and the release of IL-1β, extended the life span, and enhanced the complement activation ability of MPO-ANCA-activated neutrophils. The Blockade of TLR4 and RAGE inhibited the effects of S100A8/A9 and S100A12. All above-mentioned effects of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were ROS-independent because neither S100A8/A9 nor S100A12 enhanced the ROS formation and NETs formation of MPO-ANCA-activated neutrophils.
CONCLUSION
S100A8/A9 and S100A12 serve as markers for assessing the disease severity, and they may also play a role in MPO-AAV pathogenesis.
Topics: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Calgranulin A; Humans; Peroxidase; Reactive Oxygen Species; S100A12 Protein
PubMed: 36088289
DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00513-4 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. The AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF) ERF194 play key roles in poplar growth and...
Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. The AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF) ERF194 play key roles in poplar growth and drought-stress tolerance. However, the physiological mechanism remains to be explored. In this study, the -overexpression (OX), suppressed-expression (RNA interference, RNAi), and non-transgenic (WT) poplar clone 717 were used to study the physiology role of ERF194 transcription factor in poplar growth and drought tolerance. Morphological and physiological methods were used to systematically analyze the growth status, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugars, starch, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents of poplar. Results showed that, compared with WT, OX plants had decrease in plant height, internode length, and leaf area and increased number of fine roots under drought stress. In addition, OX had higher water potential, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, starch, and NSC, implying that ERF194 positively regulates drought tolerance in poplar. The growth status of RNAi was similar to those of WT, but the relative water content and CAT activity of RNAi were lower than those of WT under drought treatment. Based on the transcriptome data, functional annotation and expression pattern analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed and further confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and gene expression pattern analysis indicated that overexpression of upregulated the expression of oxidoreductases and metabolism-related genes such as and . Detection of -acting elements in the promoters suggested that ERF194 may bind to these genes through MeJA-responsive elements, ABA-responsive elements, or elements involved in defense and stress responses. The above results show that ERF194 improved tolerance to drought stress in poplar by regulating its growth and physiological factors. This study provides a new idea for the role of ERF194 transcription factor in plant growth and drought-stress response.
Topics: Transcription Factors; Drought Resistance; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Antioxidants; Droughts; Peroxidases; Superoxide Dismutase; Peroxidase; Water; Starch; Stress, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 36614232
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010788 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Recent decades have witnessed the rapid progress of nanozymes and their high promising applications in catalysis and bioclinics. However, the comprehensive synthetic...
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid progress of nanozymes and their high promising applications in catalysis and bioclinics. However, the comprehensive synthetic procedures and harsh synthetic conditions represent significant challenges for nanozymes. In this study, monodisperse, ultrasmall gold clusters with peroxidase-like activity were prepared via a simple and robust one-pot method. The reaction of clusters with HO and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) followed the Michaelis-Menton kinetics. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that the prepared clusters had good biocompatibility and cell imaging ability, indicating their future potential as multi-functional materials.
Topics: Peroxidase; Gold; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peroxidases; Catalysis; Colorimetry; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36615266
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010070 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023A large amount of terrigenous organic matter (TOM) is constantly transported to the deep sea. However, relatively little is known about the microbial mineralization of...
A large amount of terrigenous organic matter (TOM) is constantly transported to the deep sea. However, relatively little is known about the microbial mineralization of TOM therein. Our recent in situ enrichment experiments revealed that Vibrio is especially enriched as one of the predominant taxa in the cultures amended with natural plant materials in the deep sea. Yet their role in the mineralization of plant-derived TOM in the deep sea remains largely unknown. Here we isolated Vibrio strains representing dominant members of the enrichments and verified their potential to degrade lignin and xylan. The isolated strains were closely related to Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. diabolicus, and V. parahaemolyticus. Extracellular enzyme assays, and genome and transcriptome analyses revealed diverse peroxidases, including lignin peroxidase (LiP), catalase-peroxidase (KatG), and decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), which played an important role in the depolymerization and oxidation of lignin. Superoxide dismutase was found to likely promote lignin oxidation by supplying HO to LiP, DyP, and KatG. Interestingly, these deep-sea Vibrio strains could oxidize lignin and hydrolyze xylan not only through aerobic pathway, but also through anaerobic pathway. Genome analysis revealed multiple anaerobic respiratory mechanisms, including the reductions of nitrate, arsenate, tetrathionate, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The strains showed the potential to anaerobically reduce sulfite and metal oxides of iron and manganese, in contrast the non-deep-sea Vibrio strains were not retrieved of genes involved in reduction of metal oxides. This is the first report about the lignin oxidation mechanisms in Vibrio and their role in TOM mineralization in anoxic and oxic environments of the marginal sea.
Topics: Peroxidase; Lignin; Xylans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Vibrio; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides
PubMed: 36113801
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158714 -
Neuropharmacology Aug 2020Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and... (Review)
Review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological impairments, including posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). To date, no pharmaceutical treatment has been found to prevent PTE or ameliorate neurological/neuropsychiatric deficits after TBI. Brain trauma results in immediate mechanical damage to brain cells and blood vessels that may never be fully restored given the limited regenerative capacity of brain tissue. This primary insult unleashes cascades of events, prominently including neuroinflammation and massive oxidative stress that evolve over time, expanding the brain injury, but also clearing cellular debris and establishing homeostasis in the region of damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory sequelae of TBI contribute to posttraumatic epileptogenesis. This review will focus on possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their interactions with neuroinflammation in posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and emerging therapeutic strategies after TBI. We propose that inhibitors of the professional ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxygenases and myeloperoxidase alone, or combined with selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase mediated signaling may have promise for the treatment or prevention of PTE and other sequelae of TBI. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'New Epilepsy Therapies for the 21st Century - From Antiseizure Drugs to Prevention, Modification and Cure of Epilepsy'.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Encephalitis; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Humans; NADPH Oxidases; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase
PubMed: 31837825
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107907 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2019Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are cationic haloperoxidases with potent microbicidal and detoxifying activities. MPO selectively binds to and...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are cationic haloperoxidases with potent microbicidal and detoxifying activities. MPO selectively binds to and kills some Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and all Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) tested. GNB contain endotoxin, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) comprising a toxic lipid A component. The possibility that MPO and EPO bind and inhibit the endotoxin of GNB was tested by mixing MPO or EPO with LPS or lipid A and measuring for inhibition of endotoxin activity using the chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The endotoxin-inhibiting activities of MPO and EPO were also tested using an LPS 90% lethal dose (LD90) mouse model studied over a five-day period. Mixing MPO or EPO with a fixed quantity of LPS from O55:B5 or with diphosphoryl lipid A from F583 inhibited LAL endotoxin activity in proportion to the natural log of the MPO or EPO concentration. MPO and EPO enzymatic activities were not required for inhibition, and MPO haloperoxidase action did not increase endotoxin inhibition. Both MPO and EPO increased mouse survival in the LPS LD90 model. In conclusion, MPO and EPO nonenzymatically inhibited endotoxin activity using the LAL assay, and MPO and high-dose EPO significantly increased mouse survival in a LPS LD90 model, and such survival was increased in a dose-dependent manner.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endotoxins; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mortality; Peroxidase
PubMed: 31663003
DOI: 10.1155/2019/4783018 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Jul 2022Naturally-occurring variants of human cytochrome c (Cytc) that induce thrombocytopenia IV occur within Ω-loop C (residues 40-57). These variants enhance the peroxidase...
Naturally-occurring variants of human cytochrome c (Cytc) that induce thrombocytopenia IV occur within Ω-loop C (residues 40-57). These variants enhance the peroxidase activity of human Cytc apparently by facilitating access to the heme by destabilizing Ω-loops C and D (residues 70-85). Given the importance of peroxidase activity in the early stages of apoptosis, we identified three sites with the EVmutation algorithm in or near Ω-loop C that coevolve and differ between yeast iso-1-Cytc and human Cytc. We prepared iso-1-Cytc variants with all possible combinations of the S40T, V57I and N63T substitutions to determine if these residues decrease the peroxidase activity of iso-1-Cytc to that of human Cytc producing an effective off state for a peroxidase signaling switch. At pH 6 and above, all variants significantly decreased peroxidase activity. However, the correlation of peroxidase activity with local and global stability, expected if cooperative unfolding of Ω-loops C and D is required for peroxidase activity, was generally poor. The m-values derived from the guanidine hydrochloride dependence of the kinetics of imidazole binding to horse Cytc, which is well-characterized by native-state hydrogen exchange methods, and K72A/K73A/K79A iso-1-Cytc show that local structural fluctuations and not subglobal cooperative unfolding of Ω-loops C and D are sufficient to permit binding of a small molecule like peroxide to the heme. A 2.46 Å structure of N63T iso-1-Cytc identifies a change to a hydrogen bond network linking Ω-loops C and D that could modulate the local fluctuations needed for the intrinsic peroxidase activity of Cytc.
Topics: Animals; Cytochromes c; Heme; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Peroxidase; Peroxidases; Protein Conformation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 35428021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111819 -
Biosensors Jun 2023Chemiluminescence is widely used for hydrogen peroxide detection, mainly exploiting the highly sensitive peroxidase-luminol-HO system. Hydrogen peroxide plays an...
Chemiluminescence is widely used for hydrogen peroxide detection, mainly exploiting the highly sensitive peroxidase-luminol-HO system. Hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in several physiological and pathological processes and is produced by oxidases, thus providing a straightforward way to quantify these enzymes and their substrates. Recently, biomolecular self-assembled materials obtained by guanosine and its derivatives and displaying peroxidase enzyme-like catalytic activity have received great interest for hydrogen peroxide biosensing. These soft materials are highly biocompatible and can incorporate foreign substances while preserving a benign environment for biosensing events. In this work, a self-assembled guanosine-derived hydrogel containing a chemiluminescent reagent (luminol) and a catalytic cofactor (hemin) was used as a HO-responsive material displaying peroxidase-like activity. Once loaded with glucose oxidase, the hydrogel provided increased enzyme stability and catalytic activity even in alkaline and oxidizing conditions. By exploiting 3D printing technology, a smartphone-based portable chemiluminescence biosensor for glucose was developed. The biosensor allowed the accurate measurement of glucose in serum, including both hypo- and hyperglycemic samples, with a limit of detection of 120 µmol L. This approach could be applied for other oxidases, thus enabling the development of bioassays to quantify biomarkers of clinical interest at the point of care.
Topics: Glucose; Peroxidase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Luminol; Luminescence; Hydrogels; Smartphone; Peroxidases; Oxidoreductases; Glucose Oxidase; Biosensing Techniques; Luminescent Measurements; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 37367015
DOI: 10.3390/bios13060650 -
Annals of Medicine 2023To investigate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of Chinese anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with different...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the clinical features and long-term outcomes of Chinese anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with different ANCA serotypes.
METHODS
Two hundred and twenty-four AAV patients from January 2010 to June 2021 were divided into myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA groups. Clinical and long-term outcomes were compared.
RESULTS
In this study, the average follow-up was 46.4 months (range 0.3-188.4 months). One hundred and seventy-seven (79.0%) patients were MPO-ANCA-positive and 47 were PR3-ANCA-positive; the mean age of MPO-ANCA positive patients at diagnosis was elder than that of PR3-ANCA positive patients (67.0 vs. 60.0 years, = .004). Among PR3-ANCA-positive patients, ear, nose and throat symptoms were more common ( = .014). Between two ANCA serotypes, there were no differences in complement 3 (C3), Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), five-factor score (FFS) or other organ involvements. For all AAV patients, the overall survival rates at one, three and five years were 80.0%, 67.0% and 56.4%, respectively. The cumulative relapse-free rates of one, three and five years were 89.5%, 76.4% and 68.4%, respectively. The survival of AAV patients was unaffected by the ANCA serotype ( = .23). The ANCA serotype also had no effect on either disease relapse ( = .20) or remission rates ( = .10). In our study, PR3-ANCA patients showed a better long-term survival, as the 5-year survival rate and the 5-year relapse-free survival rate of PR3-ANCA patients were 60.7% and 76.9%, while that of MPO-ANCA patients were 55.2% and 65.8%, respectively. Rather than ANCA serotype, younger patients with milder kidney involvement and lower disease assessment scores (BVAS and FFS) might be more relevant to better prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The likelihood of induced remission, patient survival or disease recurrence is all unaffected by ANCA serotypes. A better prognosis is seen in younger patients with milder kidney involvement and lower BVAS/FFS scores.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Serogroup; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Myeloblastin; Prognosis; Peroxidase; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38056010
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2289614 -
Biomolecules Jun 2021In the present study, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was covalently immobilized onto two functionalized photocatalytic supports (TiO and ZnO) to create novel hybrid...
In the present study, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was covalently immobilized onto two functionalized photocatalytic supports (TiO and ZnO) to create novel hybrid biocatalysts (TiO-SBP and ZnO-SBP). Immobilization caused a slight shift in the pH optima of SBP activity (pH 5.0 to 4.0), whereas the free and TiO-immobilized SBP showed similar thermal stability profiles. The newly developed hybrid biocatalysts were used for the degradation of 21 emerging pollutants in the presence and absence of 1-hydroxy benzotriazole (HOBT) as a redox mediator. Notably, all the tested pollutants were not equally degraded by the SBP treatment and some of the tested pollutants were either partially degraded or appeared to be recalcitrant to enzymatic degradation. The presence of HOBT enhanced the degradation of the pollutants, while it also inhibited the degradation of some contaminants. Interestingly, TiO and ZnO-immobilized SBP displayed better degradation efficiency of a few emerging pollutants than the free enzyme. Furthermore, a combined enzyme-chemical oxidation remediation strategy was employed to degrade two recalcitrant pollutants, which suggest a novel application of these novel hybrid peroxidase-photocatalysts. Lastly, the reusability profile indicated that the TiO-SBP hybrid biocatalyst retained up to 95% degradation efficiency of a model pollutant (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) after four consecutive degradation cycles.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Environmental Pollutants; Enzymes, Immobilized; Peroxidase; Plant Proteins; Glycine max; Titanium; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 34204500
DOI: 10.3390/biom11060904