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The Journal of Nursing Education Mar 2022Teamwork and communication, characteristics learned through playing college sports, can precipitate a sense of wonder in the lived experiences of nursing students who...
BACKGROUND
Teamwork and communication, characteristics learned through playing college sports, can precipitate a sense of wonder in the lived experiences of nursing students who played a college sport.
METHOD
A phenomenological study was conducted to understand the meaning of the collegiate roles of the nursing student and the student athlete. These roles carry different sets of responsibilities, social contacts, and physical and emotional demands. Thirteen practicing nurses who played a college sport during their nursing program were interviewed.
RESULTS
Data analysis revealed four essential themes that described the meaning of their experience: athletic identity, perseverance, advocates and adversaries, and belongingness. Results suggest participation in college sports creates a sense of belonging that assists in the transition into college.
CONCLUSION
Although nursing students may be deterred from coordinating academics and athletics, this study indicates it is possible and may even have benefits, both academically and during students' transition into practice. .
Topics: Athletes; Educational Status; Humans; Sports; Students, Nursing; Universities
PubMed: 35254153
DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20220109-01 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2020Previous studies shows that elite and high-level athletes possess consistently higher pain tolerance to ischemic and cold pain stimulation compared to recreationally...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies shows that elite and high-level athletes possess consistently higher pain tolerance to ischemic and cold pain stimulation compared to recreationally active. However, the data previously obtained within this field is sparse and with low consistency.
PURPOSE
The aim of the present study was to examine the difference in pain perception between elite and high-level endurance athletes (cross country skiers and runners), elite soccer players and non-athletes, as well to explore the impact of psychological factors on pain processing.
METHODS
Seventy one healthy volunteers (33 females and 38 males) participated in the study. Soccer players ( = 17), cross country skiers ( = 12), and long-distance runners ( = 3) formed the athlete group, with 39 non-athletes as controls. Big-five personality traits, fear of pain and Grit (perseverance and passion for long-term goals) were measured prior to induction of experimental pain. Pain threshold and intensity was induced by a PC-controlled heat thermode and measured by a computerized visual analog scale. Pain tolerance was measured by the cold pressor test (CPT).
RESULTS
Elite and high-level athletes had increased pain tolerance, higher heat pain thresholds, and reported lower pain intensity to thermal stimulation. Endurance athletes (cross country skiers and long-distance runners) had better tolerance for cold pain compared to both soccer-players and non-athletes. Furthermore, endurance athletes reported lower pain intensity compared to non-athletes, whereas both endurance athletes and soccer players had higher heat pain thresholds compared to non-athletes. Fear of Pain was the only psychological trait that had an impact on all pain measures.
CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest that sports with long durations of physically intense activity, leveling aerobic capacity, are associated with increased ability to tolerate pain and that the amount of training hours has an impact on this tolerance. However, the small sample size implies that the results from this study should be interpreted with caution.
PubMed: 32849117
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01908 -
PloS One 2024The following paper describes a steady-state model of concurrent choice, termed the active time model (ATM). ATM is derived from maximization principles and is...
The following paper describes a steady-state model of concurrent choice, termed the active time model (ATM). ATM is derived from maximization principles and is characterized by a semi-Markov process. The model proposes that the controlling stimulus in concurrent variable-interval (VI) VI schedules of reinforcement is the time interval since the most recent response, termed here "the active interresponse time" or simply "active time." In the model after a response is generated, it is categorized by a function that relates active times to switch/stay probabilities. In the paper the output of ATM is compared with predictions made by three other models of operant conditioning: melioration, a version of scalar expectancy theory (SET), and momentary maximization. Data sets considered include preferences in multiple-concurrent VI VI schedules, molecular choice patterns, correlations between switching and perseveration, and molar choice proportions. It is shown that ATM can account for all of these data sets, while the other models produce more limited fits. However, rather than argue that ATM is the singular model for concurrent VI VI choice, a consideration of its concept space leads to the conclusion that operant choice is multiply-determined, and that an adaptive viewpoint-one that considers experimental procedures both as selecting mechanisms for animal choice as well as tests of the controlling variables of that choice-is warranted.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Reinforcement Schedule; Time Factors; Models, Psychological; Reinforcement, Psychology; Markov Chains
PubMed: 38771859
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301173 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021Paramedics play a vital role in the healthcare system by providing professional support in situations of direct threat to patient health and life. They experience...
INTRODUCTION
Paramedics play a vital role in the healthcare system by providing professional support in situations of direct threat to patient health and life. They experience numerous difficulties during their work, which result in occupational stress. During the COVID-19 pandemic, their work has become even more demanding. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of resilience in the subjective experience of stress among paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out in two phases, in October-November 2019 ( = 75) and in May-June 2020 ( = 84), using the Sense of Stress Questionnaire () and the Resilience Scale ().
RESULTS
Paramedics exhibited higher before the COVID-19 pandemic. were higher during the pandemic, in contrast to . Paramedics who were in contact with patients with COVID-19 experienced higher stress. , as well as and were revealed to play a key part in mitigating subjectively experienced stress.
CONCLUSION
Paramedics' subjectively experienced stress was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic. Paramedics who were in direct contact with patients with COVID-19 experienced higher stress. They had sufficient psychological resources, in the form of resilience (, and ), which allowed them to cope with the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
PubMed: 34335376
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.664540 -
Chronobiology International Jun 2022Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with well-documented risk for substance use problems at both the trait- and state levels. A circadian preference towards...
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct with well-documented risk for substance use problems at both the trait- and state levels. A circadian preference towards eveningness has been linked to trait-level, global impulsivity, but whether this association holds true across multiple dimensions of impulsivity and whether actual sleep timing shows parallel associations with impulsivity remain unclear. Here, we extend existing literature by investigating whether eveningness is associated with multiple facets of both trait- and state-level impulsivity. We also examined these associations utilizing daily measures of sleep timing and duration and explored whether they differed by sex and/or race. All participants were moderate-to-heavy social drinkers aged 21-35. Primary analyses included 78 participants (100% White male participants: Sample 1) with circadian preference data (Composite Scale of Morningness: CSM) and sleep timing (midsleep) and duration assessed via daily self-report over 10 days. Five facets of impulsivity were assessed via the UPPS-P, both at baseline (full scale; trait-level) and up to 6 times per day over 10 days (reduced scale; state-level). Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine between- and within-person associations of impulsivity with measures of circadian preference, timing, and duration, accounting for covariates. Exploratory analyses combined Sample 1 with an additional more diverse sample (Sample 2), resulting in a total of 182 participants (29.1% self-identified as Black, 29.7% as female) with daily self-report sleep timing and duration only (no circadian preference). Primary between-person models found that eveningness was associated with multiple facets of impulsivity, at trait (lack of perseverance) and state levels (negative and positive urgency, lack of perseverance, and lack of premeditation), while average midsleep and duration were generally unrelated to impulsivity. Primary within-person models largely paralleled the between-person findings. Exploratory analyses in the larger combined Samples 1 and 2 (without circadian preference) found that later midsleep timing was associated with greater mean state-level impulsivity across multiple facets, associations that may differ by race and sex. In a sample of White male participants, circadian preference for eveningness was strongly associated with multiple facets of impulsivity, at both trait- and state-levels, which may contribute to risk for substance use. Preliminary findings suggest sex and race differences in sleep-impulsivity associations, but future research with objective sleep/circadian measures in larger, more diverse samples will be important to clarify implications for sleep-focused prevention and/or treatment of substance use.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Sleep; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35144510
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2035392 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021This cross-sectional study was based on the Cypriot cohort of the MedWeight study and examined differences between maintainers and regainers regarding personality...
This cross-sectional study was based on the Cypriot cohort of the MedWeight study and examined differences between maintainers and regainers regarding personality traits. Participants were men and women who reported being at least overweight and experienced an intentional weight loss of ≥10% of their maximum weight, at least 1 year before participation. Assessment of personality, diet and physical activity was conducted through validated questionnaires and with 24 h recalls. Findings from logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of maintaining weight loss increased to 50% for agreeableness and decreased to 20 and 7% for perseverance and motor impulsiveness, respectively. Specific aspects of personality and impulsivity are relevant to weight loss maintenance and need to be considered when developing weight management interventions.
PubMed: 34277692
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702382 -
Molecular Cell May 2022Small-town wonder and inquisitive minds overcome pandemic hardships. Here, we talk to first author Bin Jiang and group leader Qinxi Li about their paper, "Filamentous...
Small-town wonder and inquisitive minds overcome pandemic hardships. Here, we talk to first author Bin Jiang and group leader Qinxi Li about their paper, "Filamentous GLS1 promotes ROS-induced apoptosis upon glutamine deprivation via insufficient asparagine synthesis," and Qinxi tells us about his lab's research and perseverance during lockdowns.
Topics: Apoptosis; Glutamine
PubMed: 35594840
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.025 -
Aging & Mental Health Feb 2023Studies have shown that grit-defined as perseverance and passion for achieving one's long-term goals-is associated with improved health outcomes, including lower levels...
Studies have shown that grit-defined as perseverance and passion for achieving one's long-term goals-is associated with improved health outcomes, including lower levels of psychological distress. However, the psychometric properties of the original Grit Scale (Grit-O Scale) has not been validated among sexual minority men (SMM). The present study aimed to validate the Grit-O Scale among a sample of older SMM and assess the relationships between the Grit-O Scale factors and symptoms of psychological distress. We used data from a single visit of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Healthy Aging longitudinal study. The sample included 981 older SMM (mean age = 61, SD = 8.5) with and without HIV. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify the two factors of the Grit-O Scale: consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. We also conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of psychological distress from self-reported scales of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.The Grit-O Scale showed acceptable reliability estimates for the items with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.82. The CFA identified the two factors of the Grit-O Scale with acceptable model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 [95% CI = 0.050, 0.067], comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.93, standardized root mean square residual = 0.07). The LPA yielded three mutually exclusive profiles of psychological distress (profile 1: low stress, anxiety, and depression; profile 2: high stress and depression and low anxiety; and profile 3: high stress, anxiety, and depression). In adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis, we found that both higher levels of consistency of interest and perseverance of effort factors of the Grit-O Scale were significantly associated with decreased odds of being in profiles 2 and 3 compared with being in profile 1. Our findings support the use of the Grit-O Scale among older SMM. Grit factors could explain variability in the negative psychological symptoms among older SMM and warrant further investigation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594.
Topics: Male; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Cohort Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Anxiety; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 35138200
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594 -
Light, Science & Applications Dec 2023III-V semiconductors are compound semiconductor materials formed by combining group-III and group-V elements. With properties such as direct bandgap, high electron...
III-V semiconductors are compound semiconductor materials formed by combining group-III and group-V elements. With properties such as direct bandgap, high electron mobility, good homogeneity of large-size crystals and good lattice matching, they are widely used in micro- and opto-electronics, integrated circuits, laser communications, etc., and promise great potentials. Our Light People is someone who has long been engaged in the research of III-V semiconductor materials, structures and devices. She is Prof. Lan Fu from the Australian National University (ANU).As an outstanding student of Prof. Chennupati Jagadish, President of the Australian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Fu is not only a leading researcher in her field, but also a scientist with an independent spirit. She is currently the Head of the Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, where she leads a team in the research of III-V semiconductors.A sincere and humble person, Prof. Fu focuses on nurturing professional attitude, critical thinking and problem solving skills in her students. In addition, she is actively involved in various professional activities, which allows her to integrate research and practice. She believes that integrity, passion, curiosity and perseverance are the key characters of a good scientific researcher and encourages her students to avoid being arrogant or rush but concentrate on good rigorous work.For this issue of Light People, we will learn about Professor Lan Fu's unique charisma as an academic and her fascinating life philosophy.
PubMed: 38057296
DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01325-w -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022The occurrence of pediatric cancer is an example of a non-normative situation that reorganizes family life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functioning of a...
The occurrence of pediatric cancer is an example of a non-normative situation that reorganizes family life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functioning of a family with a child affected by cancer. The study was conducted on 339 families. The study group consisted of 153 families with children with cancer (mean age 36.4 ± 6.8 years). The control group was composed of 186 families with healthy children (mean age 39.0 ± 6.3 years). All of them completed the author’s survey questionnaire on family functioning and the Resilience Measurement Scale (RMS). A statistically significant association was found between the place of residence (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), assessment of the material status (p < 0.001) and employment structure (p < 0.001) of parents and the membership in the study group or the control group. Statistical significance was achieved for the main effects as measured on the RMS (5 factors and 2 groups). The study group showed consistently lower levels of the factors of the scale. Statistically significant observations were reported for Factor 1 (perseverance, proactive approach) and Factor 4 (tolerance to failure, life as a challenge) (12.0 vs. 14.5, p < 0.001, 13.4 vs. 14.2, p = 0.04, respectively). Parents of children with cancer were characterized by lower persistence, determination and tolerance to failure, which could affect the quality of life of the whole family. In addition, different socio-economic conditions of family functioning were found in families with children with cancer as compared to families with healthy children.
Topics: Adult; Child; Family; Family Relations; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35564396
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095002