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Frontiers in Psychology 2021Students' success as a cognitive issue in learning is prejudiced by proper learning approaches which improve their comprehension and achievement. In an attempt to... (Review)
Review
Students' success as a cognitive issue in learning is prejudiced by proper learning approaches which improve their comprehension and achievement. In an attempt to scrutinize supplementary or alternate variables that envisage students' success, the researcher inspected a non-cognitive factor, namely grit, theorized as passion and perseverance due to its long-term quality, on the one hand, and its popularity among scholars in preceding decades on the other hand. Moreover, experiential learning (EL) is a momentous instructional approach used in the educational process to accelerate "do it and learn." The proposed review aims to gauge the EL approach as well as grit to regulate learners' educational success. Consequently, some pedagogical implications are presented for teachers, students, and syllabus designers.
PubMed: 34733225
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.774149 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022The capacity for voluntary control is seen as essential to human movements; the sense that one intended to move (willing) and those actions were self-generated... (Review)
Review
The capacity for voluntary control is seen as essential to human movements; the sense that one intended to move (willing) and those actions were self-generated (self-agency) gives the sense of voluntariness and of being in control. While the mechanisms underlying voluntary movement have long been unclear, recent neuroscientific tools have identified networks of different brain areas, namely, the prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and parietal cortex, that underlie voluntary action. Dysfunction in these brain areas can result in different forms of semivoluntary movement as the borderland of voluntary and involuntary movement where a person may experience a disordered sense of will or agency, and thus the movement is experienced as unexpected and involuntary, for an otherwise voluntary-appearing movement. Tics, functional movement disorders, stereotypies, perseveration, compulsions, utilization behaviors, and motor mannerism have been described elsewhere in the context of psychoses, and are often mistaken for each other. Yet, they reflect an impairment of prefrontal cortices and related circuits rather than simple motor systems, which results in the absence of subjective recognition of the movements, in contrast to other neurological movement disorders where principal abnormalities are located within the basal ganglia and its connections. Therefore, their recognition is clinically important since they are usually associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first defined a conceptual framework, from both a neuroanatomical and a neurophysiological point of view, for the generation of voluntary movement. We then examined the evidence linking dysfunctions in different motor pathways to each type of movement disorder. We looked at common semivoluntary movement disorders providing an overview, where possible, of their phenomenology and brain network abnormalities for each condition. We also emphasized important clinical feature similarities and differences to increase recognition of each condition in practice.
PubMed: 35265031
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.834217 -
Biochemistry Oct 2019Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an insulin deficiency. Ever since the discovery of insulin almost 100 years ago, patients with T1D have... (Review)
Review
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an insulin deficiency. Ever since the discovery of insulin almost 100 years ago, patients with T1D have relied on multiple daily insulin injections to survive an otherwise deadly disease. Despite decades of research and clinical trials, no treatment exists yet to prevent or cure T1D. A recent prevention trial using the anti-CD3 antibody teplizumab in individuals at a high risk of developing T1D has provided the first piece of evidence that a safe and transient intervention may be able to delay disease. In this Perspective, we review the 40-year long history of anti-CD3 and discuss how this antibody became a candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diabetes. The path that leads to its use in this latest clinical trial for T1D has been winding and strewn with setbacks. The molecular actions of the anti-CD3 antibody that target T lymphocytes are well-understood, but its systemic effect on immune function has proven more difficult to unravel. Moreover, preclinical data suggested that the utility of anti-CD3 for the prevention of T1D may be limited. However, the latest clinical data are encouraging and exemplify how a basic discovery can, decades later and with much perseverance, become a promising therapeutic candidate.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; CD3 Complex; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 31523950
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00707 -
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science Apr 2022Biological, genetic, and environmental factors make weight loss very difficult. Acceptance-based behavioral treatment (ABT) supplements standard behavioral treatments...
Biological, genetic, and environmental factors make weight loss very difficult. Acceptance-based behavioral treatment (ABT) supplements standard behavioral treatments (BT) for obesity by teaching skills to accept the discomfort inherent to weight control behaviors and prioritize long-term, values-based goals. Grit, the ability to persevere in goal pursuit, overlaps conceptually with ABT principles and may predict outcomes in ABT. During a randomized controlled trial comparing three weight loss interventions (BT, BT with an emphasis on physical activity [BT+PA], ABT with an emphasis on physical activity [ABT+PA]), this study examined if grit predicted weight loss, intervention engagement (session attendance and dietary self-monitoring), and perceived intervention effectiveness, and whether intervention condition moderated these relationships. Participants (=309) with overweight/obesity enrolled in an 18-month weight loss intervention completed the Short Grit Scale at baseline. Weight and PA were measured at baseline, during the intervention (12 and 18 months), and at follow-up (24 and 36 months). Session attendance and dietary self-monitoring were assessed throughout the intervention, and perceived intervention effectiveness at end-of-intervention. The relation of grit to several outcomes depended on condition. In ABT+PA, but not BT or BT+PA, grit related to weight loss at 12 and 24 months, session attendance, and perceived intervention effectiveness. Grit was not related to PA or dietary self-monitoring in any condition. ABT's focus on building skills to facilitate long-term goal pursuit may be unique and beneficial to those with lower grit. Those with higher grit may already possess ABT-consistent skills and benefit less from ABT. Research on trait-level characteristics like grit in relation to weight must be cautious not to reinforce weight bias; rather, this work suggests that an evidence-based intervention (ABT) may be well-suited to those with lower grit levels seeking weight loss.
PubMed: 35496324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.03.008 -
Current Pediatrics Reports 2021We highlight practice changes adopted to increased use of telemedicine, look at precision, and accuracy in using a virtual visit to evaluate and treat rheumatic disease,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We highlight practice changes adopted to increased use of telemedicine, look at precision, and accuracy in using a virtual visit to evaluate and treat rheumatic disease, and describe our shift in engaging patients and their families in supporting our research aims.
RECENT FINDINGS
Telemedicine visits increased substantially with the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. With this change came the need for significant advances to our telemedicine practices to allow for quality patient visits and continued research collection.
SUMMARY
Telemedicine will continue to be an area of increasing importance and has been found to be especially useful for regions like ours which cover many patients in remote areas across Washington, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska. Through the development of new techniques and the use of new technologies, we have been able to improve both the visit quality for patients and our ability to collect research data.
PubMed: 34631303
DOI: 10.1007/s40124-021-00252-x -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021It has been established that grit has a fundamental role in the learning and teaching process since gritty learners are more likely to take part in classroom activities... (Review)
Review
It has been established that grit has a fundamental role in the learning and teaching process since gritty learners are more likely to take part in classroom activities and they are also motivated to deal with challenges in difficult circumstances. In addition, to guard against these hardships as well as self-control in responding to unpredicted circumstances, a similar construct arouses in positive psychology called resilience that describes perseverance and emphasizes people's abilities. Besides, language learners' engagement and performance in the foreign or second language classroom can be improved through self-regulated learning (SRL) which is viewed as one of the most inspected issues in learning and psychology. A present review has been conducted to scrutinize the relationship between language learners' SRL and learners' resilience and grit based on their positive theoretical relationship with educational success. Consequently, the issue of educator training and administrative training is illuminated through several aspects.
PubMed: 35002894
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800488 -
Biomedicines Apr 2023is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for multiple hospital- and community-acquired infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. persistence in... (Review)
Review
is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for multiple hospital- and community-acquired infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. persistence in clinical settings is worrisome and is a result of its remarkable flexibility and adaptability. This species exhibits several characteristics that allow it to thrive under different environmental conditions, including the ability to colonize inert materials such as medical equipment and hospital surfaces. presents several intrinsic mechanisms of defense that allow it to survive external aggressions, but it is also able to develop strategies and evolve into multiple phenotypes to persevere, which include antimicrobial-tolerant strains, persister cells, and biofilms. Currently, these emergent pathogenic strains are a worldwide problem and a major concern. Biocides are frequently used as a complementary/combination strategy to control the dissemination of -resistant strains; however, tolerance to commonly used biocides has also already been reported, representing an impediment to the effective elimination of this important pathogen from clinical settings. This review focuses on the characteristics of responsible for its persistence in hospital environments, including those associated with its antibiotic and biocide resistance ability.
PubMed: 37189839
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041221 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Nov 2022The journey of medical school is a roller coaster ride and learning how to survive is going to take much effort. Being consistent and having a reason that pushes you...
UNLABELLED
The journey of medical school is a roller coaster ride and learning how to survive is going to take much effort. Being consistent and having a reason that pushes you every moment, support from friends and family, and guidance from seniors can ease this pathway. Though it can be hypothetical to say that these measures would help comfortably sail through the medical journey, experiences and learnings gained at a similar cost of effort are undeniable and they can certainly make a difference. Perseverance, determination and motivation are essential to keep the flame burning.
KEYWORDS
learning; medical students; medical school.
Topics: Humans; Schools, Medical; Students, Medical; Motivation
PubMed: 36705166
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7904 -
National Science Review Feb 2021About every 26 months, the distance between Earth and Mars reaches a minimum, and that is the best time window for Mars exploration from Earth. In July 2020, three...
About every 26 months, the distance between Earth and Mars reaches a minimum, and that is the best time window for Mars exploration from Earth. In July 2020, three spacecraft started their journey to Mars: the Hope orbiter of the United Arab Emirates, the Tianwen-1 mission of China and the Perseverance rover of the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). If all go well, these spacecraft will reach Martian orbit in February 2021 and start their scientific observations. Tianwen-1 is China's first mission to Mars. It includes an orbiter, a lander and a rover. It carries 13 scientific payloads and will investigate the topography, soil composition, water-ice distribution, internal structure, atmospheric environment and physical fields (electromagnetic and gravitational) of Mars. In this interview, we talked with the mission's Chief Scientist Yongxin Pan () and Scientific Payload Sub-System Director Chi Wang () about this scientific mission and China's future plans for Mars exploration.
PubMed: 34691581
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab001 -
Cureus Jul 2023The journey of heart transplantation in the United Kingdom (UK) has been marked by challenges and triumphs. Following a series of unsuccessful transplant attempts in...
The journey of heart transplantation in the United Kingdom (UK) has been marked by challenges and triumphs. Following a series of unsuccessful transplant attempts in 1968, a moratorium was imposed on the procedure. However, in 1979, Sir Terence English broke the national ban, by performing the UK's first successful heart transplant at Papworth Hospital. This achievement opened doors for advancements in heart and lung transplantation and established the Papworth programme as a world leader in the field. Sir Terence's legacy stands as a testament to the transformative power of determination, perseverance and teamwork in overcoming the moratorium, lack of financial support, difficult colleagues and the failure of his first transplant attempt. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, qualitative interviews and Sir Terence's personal contributions, this article provides an account of his trials and tribulations, aiming to inspire and encourage physicians, surgeons and scientists in their pursuit of innovation in the field of medicine.
PubMed: 37602124
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42051