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Rehabilitation Psychology Feb 2020This article describes the initial factor exploration of disability identity and preliminary psychometric characteristics based on an adult self-report tool. Disability...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
This article describes the initial factor exploration of disability identity and preliminary psychometric characteristics based on an adult self-report tool. Disability was defined broadly, and the sample included individuals with visible and/or hidden disabilities across many disability groups (i.e., physical, intellectual, learning, mental illness).
METHOD
Items were developed ( = 102) and a pilot measure was administered to a sample of adults with disabilities ( = 566). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the mean and variance adjusted weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimator was conducted. The resulting items were sent to expert reviewers for evaluation.
RESULTS
Following the exploratory analyses, 37 items were retained that made up four factors: internal beliefs about own disability and the disability community, anger and frustration with disability experiences, adoption of disability community values, and contribution to the disability community. The pilot measure aligned well with the theoretical framework that guided its development.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
This factor exploration is a contribution to a growing body of literature supporting, and investigating, disability identity development. This work presents a more comprehensive understanding of disability identity development. Armed with a better understanding, this will serve as a basis to inform future scale development and validation. After this validation work is completed, there is the potential to apply findings to tailor interventions and clinical work, so that psychologists and rehabilitation professionals may be better prepared to meet the developmental needs of disabled clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Self Concept; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 31944783
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000308 -
Journal of Continuing Education in... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Disabled Persons; Curriculum; Adult; Disability Discrimination
PubMed: 38687100
DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20240411-01 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2021The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts... (Review)
Review
The current practice for low vision management in India exclusively focuses on clinical aspects without much of the rehabilitation components. While making all efforts to improve independent living skills, daily living activities, and quality of life as a whole for people living visual disabilities, vision rehabilitation is an indispensable component. There is no single appropriate low vision and rehabilitation model implementable at health care institutions in the country to cover these fundamental aspects of a visually impaired individual. We did a literature review to know the existing practices of low vision and various disability models. The purpose of the review is to discern any pitfalls and shortcomings in managing visually disabled in India and to underpin the credibility and feasibility as well as suitability of the developed model. The review was done using search key terms low vision, current practices, visual disability, disability models, vision rehabilitation, and service delivery. Therefore, the article discusses the development of an inclusive low vision management model name as "Clinico-Social Model", which we consider the most appropriate for the best management of people with vision loss. The primary aim of this model is to provide both clinical and vision rehabilitation components of management for people with visual disabilities. Such an approach is likely to have the potential to improve the quality of life of people with vision loss and can provide practical guide to eye care managers across India. Given the specific context in the current practices of low vision in India, it is desirable to design a similar model to care for the visually disabled.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; India; Quality of Life; Vision, Low; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 33463601
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_236_20 -
Psychiatria Danubina Dec 2021Experience shows how difficult it is for a person with disabilities to cope with the reality of a hospital, especially if he or she has an intellectual disability. The...
Experience shows how difficult it is for a person with disabilities to cope with the reality of a hospital, especially if he or she has an intellectual disability. The difficulty in carrying out even simple diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvres, the complexity of the pathologies, the difficulty in relating to the patient all make it a real risk that many medical problems of patients with disabilities are overlooked or denied altogether. The person with a disability has the right to all care, not only that related to his or her particular pathology, but also that required for other specialist or general pathologies. The UN Convention clearly states the rights of persons with disabilities. The Italian Republic has implemented the UN's declaration with Law 18/2009. The rights enshrined in Article 25 of the UN Convention are also concretely applied in the European Charter of Patients' Rights. The right of people with disabilities to be treated on an equal and non-discriminatory basis is also recalled by His Holiness Pope Francis in his latest encyclical. The DAMA (Disabled Advanced Medical Assistance) Hospital project was created to guarantee the right to health and care of people with disabilities, always, by remodelling its diagnostic and care procedures. The CAD/DAMA Service of the Terni Hospital since 2018 has adopted the DAMA project and also since 2018 has been collaborating with the Seraficio Institute of Assisi. The aim of the CAD/DAMA Service is also to promote and implement research in this area of care and training for healthcare professionals on disability and related issues.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Italy
PubMed: 34862899
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jan 2021
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Mental Health Services
PubMed: 33397639
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202750 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Oct 2020Although disability is often precipitated by an illness/injury, it may arise insidiously. Our objectives were to identify the factors associated with the development of...
BACKGROUND
Although disability is often precipitated by an illness/injury, it may arise insidiously. Our objectives were to identify the factors associated with the development of insidious and noninsidious disability and to determine whether these risk factors differ between the two types of disability.
METHODS
We prospectively evaluated 754 community-living persons, 70+ years, from 1998 to 2016. The unit of analysis was an 18-month person-interval, with risk factors assessed at the start of each interval. Disability in four activities of daily living and exposure to intervening events, defined as illnesses/injuries leading to hospitalization, emergency department visits, or restricted activity, were assessed each month. Insidious and noninsidious disability were defined based on the absence and presence of an intervening event.
RESULTS
The rate of noninsidious disability (21.7%) was twice that of insidious disability (10.8%). In multivariable recurrent-event Cox analyses, six factors were associated with both disability outcomes: non-Hispanic white race, lower extremity muscle weakness, poor manual dexterity, and (most strongly) frailty, cognitive impairment, and low functional self-efficacy. Three factors were associated with only noninsidious disability (older age, number of chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms), whereas four were associated with only insidious disability (female sex, lives with others, low SPPB score, and upper extremity weakness). The modest differences in risk factors identified for the two outcomes in multivariable analyses were less apparent in the bivariate analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Although arising from different mechanisms, insidious and noninsidious disability share a similar set of risk factors. Interventions to prevent disability should prioritize this shared set of risk factors.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Precipitating Factors; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31907523
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa002 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Full inclusion of people with disabilities means their full participation in community life and the same opportunities to work and spend their free time that other...
Full inclusion of people with disabilities means their full participation in community life and the same opportunities to work and spend their free time that other members of the community have. This also applies to travel and tourism. Offers available to people with various types of disabilities are seldom adapted to their needs. They face numerous barriers and obstacles when travelling or at their destination. The article presents selected results from an international comparative study concerning travel of people with sensory disabilities. The study was carried out in the first quarter of 2022 using the PAPI method on a group of 131 respondents from Poland, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal. To analyse the results, we relied on statistical inference using an independent two-sample -test and one-way analysis of variance. Tests of the equality of two means were preceded by Levene's test for homogeneity of variances. According to the study, people with sensory disabilities can see many barriers to travel that pose a significant constraint on their activity. These barriers vary depending on the type of disability, gender or the country of origin of the respondent, but the list of indications often includes the need to train service staff in the specific needs of people with different types of disabilities. Taking into account development opportunities that people with disabilities create for the tourism industry, including people with sensory disabilities who are frequently overlooked, it is worth considering measures aimed at improving knowledge and skills in this area in the future.
Topics: Cyprus; Disabled Persons; Humans; Poland; Surveys and Questionnaires; Travel
PubMed: 36078288
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710575 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 2021Given the growth in national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) and the changes in health insurance-specific DAHE distribution, updated estimates of...
OBJECTIVE
Given the growth in national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) and the changes in health insurance-specific DAHE distribution, updated estimates of state-level DAHE are needed. The objective of this study was to update state-level estimates of DAHE.
METHODS
We combined data from the 2013-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2013-2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2014 National Health Expenditure Accounts to calculate state-level DAHE for US adults in total, per adult, and per (adult) person with disability (PWD). We adjusted expenditures to 2017 prices and assessed changes in DAHE from 2003 to 2015.
RESULTS
In 2015, DAHE were $868 billion nationally (range, $1.4 billion in Wyoming to $102.8 billion in California) accounting for 36% of total health care expenditures (range, 29%-41%). From 2003 to 2015, total DAHE increased by 65% (range, 35%-125%). In 2015, DAHE per PWD were highest in the District of Columbia ($27 839) and lowest in Alabama ($12 603). From 2003 to 2015, per-PWD DAHE increased by 13% (range, -20% to 61%) and per-capita DAHE increased by 28% (range, 7%-84%). In 2015, Medicare DAHE per PWD ranged from $10 067 in Alaska to $18 768 in New Jersey. Medicaid DAHE per PWD ranged from $9825 in Nevada to $43 365 in the District of Columbia. Nonpublic-health insurer per-PWD DAHE ranged from $7641 in Arkansas to $18 796 in Alaska.
CONCLUSION
DAHE are substantial and vary by state. The public sector largely supports the health care costs of people with disabilities. State policy makers and other stakeholders can use these results to inform the development of public health programs that support and provide ongoing health care to people with disabilities.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Expenditures; Humans; Medicaid; Medicare; State Government; United States
PubMed: 33673781
DOI: 10.1177/0033354920979807 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024
Topics: Humans; Burnout, Professional; Male; Female; Disabled Persons; Physicians; Middle Aged; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38722631
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10701 -
Nursing Research 2020Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the embodiment of their gender, race, social class, and disability positionalities and how they draw from their cultural backgrounds as they engage in health-seeking behaviors.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to explore how young Black men experienced the onset of chronic disabling conditions while negotiating health-promoting activities in the context of gender, race, social class, disability positionalities, and culture.
METHODS
This descriptive study used hermeneutic phenomenology to achieve study objectives. This study's research questions were answered using audiotaped, one-on-one qualitative interviews, along with detailed field notes. Each participant was interviewed twice at a mutually decided upon location to ensure their privacy and comfort.
RESULTS
In relation to their embodied interactions of self in the context of disability, these men described their health-related decisions using four themes: maintaining manhood, economic constraints, the "risk" of healthcare, and health promotion.
CONCLUSIONS
By examining the experiences of young adult Black men living with disabilities, knowledge of their perspectives and experiences at earlier stages in their life course contributes to the understanding of their personal challenges, health needs, and their perspectives of health-promoting strategies.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Health Behavior; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; United States; White People
PubMed: 31834116
DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000396