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PloS One 2020This study aimed to examine the association between disability and cardiovascular (CV) disease incidence and mortality in Korea longitudinally, using a national...
This study aimed to examine the association between disability and cardiovascular (CV) disease incidence and mortality in Korea longitudinally, using a national representative sample. We used the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) database, which includes information on the disability of the National Screening Program participants such as severity and type of disability, which were obtained from the Korean National Disability Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between disability and CV disease incidence and mortality. We constructed four models with different levels of adjustment, in which Model 3 was a fully adjusted model. This study included 514,679 participants, and 7,317 CV deaths were reported within a mean follow up of 10.8 ± 3.9 years (maximum, 13.9 years). For 5,572,130 person-year (PY) follow-up, the CV mortality rate was 1.313 per 1,000 PY. In Models 1 and 2, CV disease incidence was significantly higher in participants with disability than in those without disability. In Model 3, the incidence was higher only among participants aged 50-64 years and severe disabled participants aged <50 years. CV mortality was significantly higher in participants with disability than in those without disability in all Models, and the mortality increased in both sexes in Models 1 and 2 but only increased in men in Model 3. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis of health behavior and chronic diseases. People with disability showed higher CV disease incidence and mortality than those without disability, regardless of the type of disability or risk factors for CV disease.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; National Health Programs; Proportional Hazards Models; Republic of Korea; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32730313
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236665 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The use of ICTs provides autonomy, equity, and social inclusion to people with visual disabilities. The National Organization of the Spanish Blind (ONCE) offers its...
The use of ICTs provides autonomy, equity, and social inclusion to people with visual disabilities. The National Organization of the Spanish Blind (ONCE) offers its 70,462 legally-blind people the necessary resources for the usability of ICTs. Still, most individuals with visual disabilities do not have a similar support system. This research aims to expose and make visible the importance and need for ICTs usage in this group. The qualitative approach has allowed the modeling of a contextualized inductive process through two heterogeneous discussion groups: eight individuals with legal blindness and six with moderate visual impairment, as well as three in-depth interviews with experts in typhlotechnology, accessibility, and low vision. The following has been verified: there is a lot of misinformation among people with visual disabilities outside the coverage of ONCE; accessibility is still not a priority for companies and institutions when creating and developing products and services with Design for All; the need for more professionals to advise and train users with blindness and low vision is clear. In Spain, there are almost a million visually-impaired people not affiliated with ONCE, for whom access to technical aids and digital literacy is a priority problem in which the Government should intervene.
Topics: Blindness; Disabled Persons; Humans; Spain; Vision, Low; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 36078497
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710782 -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 2020The huge increase of people with mental and intellectual disability worldwide, and the advocacy capacity achieved by these patients, which culminated in the Convention... (Review)
Review
The huge increase of people with mental and intellectual disability worldwide, and the advocacy capacity achieved by these patients, which culminated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), came along the shifts in the way governments deliver public services. In particular, in the last decades, many countries examined how to provide a person with disabilities an acceptable social functioning, improve wellbeing, according to the principles of equity, solidarity and participation. A new political and social-health model was born, called "welfare community", users are protagonists of their health project and the resources put in place assume an investment character on the community and its economic development. Personalisation of social and health services is also considered in many countries as a "new mode of care", although in different forms depending on financial aspect and recipients. The present article is a narrative review that examines and summarize international research and non-research material to survey the different implementation strategies of personalisation in different countries, with a special focus on Italy, in attempting to provide conceptual clarity about this topic in terms of opportunities and pitfalls.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Italy; Mental Disorders; Patient-Centered Care; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 32567569
DOI: 10.4415/ANN_20_02_09 -
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities :... Mar 2023People with profound and multiple learning disabilities are often excluded from the processes of knowledge production and face barriers to inclusion in research due to...
People with profound and multiple learning disabilities are often excluded from the processes of knowledge production and face barriers to inclusion in research due to cognitive and communicative challenges. Inclusive research-even when intending to be inclusive-tends to operate within criteria that exclude people with profound and multiple learning disabilities. The aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the topic of inclusive research involving people with profound disabilities and thereby challenge traditional assumptions of inclusive research. The review presents themes that will inform a discussion on how to challenge the criteria in ways that make it possible to understand inclusive research for people who communicate in unconventional ways. We argue that a fruitful way of rethinking inclusive research is by applying a sensory-dialogical approach that privileges the dialogical and sensory foundations of the research. We suggest this might be a way to understand inclusive research that regards the person's communicative and cognitive distinctiveness.
Topics: Humans; Intellectual Disability; Community-Based Participatory Research; Disabled Persons; Learning Disabilities
PubMed: 35015585
DOI: 10.1177/17446295211062390 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Dec 2023The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no arbitrarily accepted definition of disability, and those currently available outline the ranges of support for which rehabilitation measures are necessary.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the review is to present the problem areas that contribute to the definition of disability and their interdependence and effectiveness in relation to rehabilitation interventions, as well as identification of the most frequent medical and social problems interdependent on the quality and feasibility of rehabilitation interventions.
REVIEW METHODS
Scientific literature in Polish and English for 1993-2023 and legal acts concerning the definition of disability, definition of rehabilitation and the problem of employment were reviewed. The following key words were used to search the NIZP-PZH, MZ, JAHEE and ISAP databases: disabled persons, definitions of disability, rehabilitation as a process, synchronization of thematic groups of disability definitions with the rehabilitation process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Disability is a public health problem. The actual determination of the extent, medical and social needs of people with disabilities involves methods and measures for classifying people as disabled. The effects of treatment and rehabilitation are assessed by the level of functioning of the disabled in society.
SUMMARY
The multiplicity of characteristics included in the definitions of disability account for all problems in health and social terms. In view of the social, environmental and cultural changes, the scope of needs of people with disabilities is also changing, which can be seen in newly-developed definitions, including rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Employment; Poland; Public Health
PubMed: 38153059
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/177341 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Jan 2023Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be used to evaluate perceived capacity of an individual in executing tasks in a natural environment with their prosthetic device....
BACKGROUND
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be used to evaluate perceived capacity of an individual in executing tasks in a natural environment with their prosthetic device. According to the World Health Organization International Classification of Health, Functioning, and Disability (ICF) models, there may be specific factors of a person, factors of assistive prosthetic technology, or factors related to the health condition or body function that affect their functioning and disability. However, an understanding of factors affecting an upper limb prosthesis user's perception of their ability to execute tasks in a natural environment is not well established.
OBJECTIVE
To use the ICF model to identify which health condition-related, body function, environmental, and personal factors influence activity as measured by perceived function in the upper limb prosthesis user population.
DESIGN
Quantitative clinical descriptive study.
SETTING
Clinical offices within outpatient private practice (removed for blinding).
PARTICIPANTS
A sample of 101 participants with upper limb amputation who use a prosthetic device and were undergoing a prosthesis fitting process.
INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
PROs on pain with/without a prosthesis, satisfaction, and perceived function derived from the Comprehensive Arm Prosthesis and Rehabilitation Outcomes Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Model coefficients indicate that with a unit increase in satisfaction (p < .001) and pain (p = .031) scores (with higher pain scores signifying less pain), the mean of perceived function increases by 0.66 and 0.47 units, respectively. Conversely, for individuals with elbow disarticulation, transhumeral, shoulder disarticulation, and interscapulothoracic amputations, the mean of perceived function decreases by 22.02 units (p = .006).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our sample, perceived function is significantly associated with satisfaction, pain, and amputation level. These findings could potentially help to inform initial clinical approach and targeted outcomes for patients based on these factors.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Limbs; Amputation, Surgical; Pain; Disabled Persons; Disarticulation; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 34409777
DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12697 -
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities :... Sep 2022Person-centred planning (PCP) puts individuals with an intellectual disability at the centre of service and support planning, identifying how individuals wish to live...
Person-centred planning (PCP) puts individuals with an intellectual disability at the centre of service and support planning, identifying how individuals wish to live their lives and what is needed to make that possible. PCP has been identified as having the potential to facilitate improved social inclusion and community participation. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative analyses with qualitative case studies of individuals with severe-profound intellectual disability to assess the impact of PCP on community participation for adults with an intellectual disability at a disability service in Dublin. We conclude that PCP may provide a good basis to plan community participation and, with the right supports in place, may provide opportunities for people with complex needs to improve their community participation. Supports including familiar staff and family are critical to the success of PCP for people with complex needs, and their absence may undermine the best intentions of PCP for this population.
Topics: Adult; Community Participation; Disabled Persons; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 34219528
DOI: 10.1177/17446295211022125 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2022This observational prospective cohort study, conducted between September 2015 and February 2019, aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of disability... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
This observational prospective cohort study, conducted between September 2015 and February 2019, aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of disability and non-face-to-face interactions among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.
DESIGN
Participants reported their interaction status using a self-report questionnaire. Face-to-face interactions comprised in-person meetings, while virtual interactions (e.g., via phone calls or emails) were defined as non-face-to-face interactions. We examined the relationship between their interaction status at baseline and the risk of disability incidence at follow-up. We also considered several potential confounding variables, such as demographic characteristics.
SETTING
The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.
PARTICIPANTS
We included 1159 adults from Takahama City aged ≥75 years (mean age ± standard deviation = 79.5 ± 3.6 years).
MEASUREMENTS
Interaction status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire consisting of two sections (face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions), and four questionnaire items. Based on the responses we categorized study participants into four groups: "both interactions," "face-to-face only," "non-face-to-face only," and "no interactions."
RESULTS
Individuals with both kinds of interactions (49.3/1000 person-years) or only one kind of interaction (face-to-face = 57.7/1000 person-years; non-face-to-face = 41.2 person-years) had lower incidence of disability than those with no interactions (88.9/1000 person-years). Moreover, the hazard ratios adjusted for potential confounding factors for the incidence of disability in the both interaction, face-to-face-only, and non-face-to-face only groups were 0.57 (confidence interval = 0.39-0.82; p = 0.003), 0.66 (confidence interval = 0.44-0.98; p = 0.038), and 0.47 (confidence interval = 0.22-0.99; p = 0.048), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Considering the interaction status of older adults in their day-to-day practice, clinicians may be able to achieve better outcomes in the primary prevention of disease by encouraging older adults to engage in any form of interaction, including non-face-to-face interactions.
Topics: Aged; Disabled Persons; Geriatrics; Humans; Incidence; Independent Living; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35166306
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1728-5 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 36462202
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15438 -
Review and Consultations of Canadian Financial Education Programs for Individuals with Disabilities.Canadian Journal of Occupational... Sep 2023Individuals or persons who live with a disability (PWD) can experience unique financial occupation challenges. Financial education programs can address some challenges.... (Review)
Review
Individuals or persons who live with a disability (PWD) can experience unique financial occupation challenges. Financial education programs can address some challenges. The aim of this study was to describe and critically appraise current financial education programs for PWD in Canada. This environmental scan framed by scoping review methods included a critical appraisal of Canadian programs' online content and provider consultations. Researchers used four search methods to identify programs, interviewed service providers from four Canadian programs, and thematically analyzed interview transcripts. Researchers identified 134 programs; 50 (37.3%) included services. The online content of only 26 (19%) programs explicitly addressed accessibility; 106 (79%) programs' content was at least college reading level. The qualitative results include three themes: (a) individualized approach, (b) "getting the word out", and (c) service growth. There are financial education programs specific to PWD in Canada. Accessibility, individualization, advocacy, and development are needed.
Topics: Humans; Canada; Disabled Persons; Occupational Therapy
PubMed: 36221894
DOI: 10.1177/00084174221129947