-
Journal of Affective Disorders Jul 2023The aim of the current study is to investigate the associations between personality traits and mental health in people with asthma and compare it with people without...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current study is to investigate the associations between personality traits and mental health in people with asthma and compare it with people without asthma.
METHODS
Data came from UKHLS with 3929 patients with asthma with a mean age of 49.19 (S.D. = 15.23) years old (40.09 % males) and 22,889 healthy controls (42.90 % males) with a mean age of 45.60 (S.D. = 17.23) years old. First, the current study investigated the difference in Big Five personality traits and mental health between people with and without asthma using a predictive normative modeling approach with one-sample t-tests. Second, a hierarchical regression accompanied by two multiple regressions was used to determine how personality traits may relate to people with and without asthma differently.
RESULTS
The current study found asthma patients have significantly higher Neuroticism, higher Openness, lower Conscientiousness, higher Extraversion, and worse mental health. Asthma status significantly moderated the association between Neuroticism and mental health with this relationship being stronger in people with asthma. Moreover, Neuroticism was positively related to worse mental health and Conscientiousness and Extraversion were negatively associated with worse mental health in people with and without asthma. However, Openness was negatively associated with worse mental health in people without asthma but not in people with asthma.
LIMITATIONS
The limitations of the current study include cross-sectional designs, self-reported measured, and limited generalizability to other countries.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians and health professionals should use findings from the current study to come up with prevention and interaction programs that promote mental health based on personality traits in asthma patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Female; Personality; Mental Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neuroticism; Asthma; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37075823
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.022 -
PloS One 2023Urbanists have long been interested in understanding what makes people satisfied with their neighborhoods. However, relatively little is known about how residents'...
Urbanists have long been interested in understanding what makes people satisfied with their neighborhoods. However, relatively little is known about how residents' personality traits may affect their neighborhood satisfaction. In this paper, we explore the direct and indirect associations of personality traits with neighborhood satisfaction in a representative sample of adults in Michigan (USA). We find that each of the personality traits in the five factor model are associated with neighborhood satisfaction in the same way that they are known to be associated with subjective well-being. However, we fail to observe evidence that personality traits moderate the association between perceptions of neighborhoods and neighborhood satisfaction, or that personality's association with neighborhood satisfaction is mediated by neighborhood perceptions. We conclude that there is potential for drawing on theoretical and empirical developments in positive psychology for understanding neighborhood satisfaction, but observe that the underlying mechanisms for the association between personality and neighborhood satisfaction remain unknown.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Personality; Residence Characteristics; Personal Satisfaction; Personality Disorders; Michigan
PubMed: 36920892
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282437 -
Journal of Personality and Social... Mar 2022Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current...
Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current study investigated the dynamic relations between personality traits and physical health at both the between-person and the within-person levels. Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS; N = 1,734), the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS; N = 13,559), and the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2,209). Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) and the continuous time (CT) models, after controlling the between-person variance, generally, evidence was found for bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in self-rated health and general disease level. Bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and change in cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases were observed only when time was modeled as continuous. We also found within-person associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in performance-based ratings of motor functioning impairment. According to the current findings, the dynamic within-person relations between personality traits and health outcomes were largely in the direction consistent with their between-person connections, although the within-person relationships were substantially smaller in strength when compared their between-person counterparts. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of distinguishing between-person and within-person effects when examining the longitudinal relationship between personality traits and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Aging; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 35157486
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000399 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Apr 2024Emotional well-being has a known relationship with a person's direct social ties, including friendships; but do ambient social and emotional features of the local...
Emotional well-being has a known relationship with a person's direct social ties, including friendships; but do ambient social and emotional features of the local community also play a role? This work takes advantage of university students' assignment to different local networks-or "social microclimates"-to probe this question. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, we quantify the collective impact of individual, social network, and microclimate factors on the emotional well-being of a cohort of first-year college students. Results indicate that well-being tracks individual factors but also myriad social and microclimate factors, reflecting one's peers and social surroundings. Students who belonged to emotionally stable and tight-knit microclimates (i.e., had emotionally stable friends or resided in densely connected residence halls) reported lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of life satisfaction, even when controlling for factors such as personality and social network size. Although rarely discussed or acknowledged in the policies that create them, social microclimates are consequential to well-being, especially during life transitions. The effects of microclimate factors are small relative to some individual factors; however, they explain unique variance in well-being that is not directly captured by emotional stability or other individual factors. These findings are novel, but preliminary, and should be replicated in new samples and contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Microclimate; Friends; Personality; Peer Group
PubMed: 37824222
DOI: 10.1037/emo0001277 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Oct 2020Personality traits are associated with risk of diabetes, but most research to date has relied on participants reported diagnosis rather than objective markers of...
Personality traits are associated with risk of diabetes, but most research to date has relied on participants reported diagnosis rather than objective markers of glycaemia. The present study examined the association between the five major domains of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Participants (N > 26,000) were individuals aged from 16 to 104 years from six large community samples from the US, Europe, and Japan who had data on personality, demographic factors, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and HbA1c. Of the five factors, only higher conscientiousness was related consistently to lower HbA1c level across most samples and in the meta-analysis. Conscientiousness was also related to lower risk of HbA1c ≥6.5 % (OR = .85, 95 %CI = 0.80-0.90). BMI and physical activity partially mediated the link between conscientiousness and HbA1c. There were not consistent associations for the other four traits across the six samples and no consistent associations between personality and likelihood of undiagnosed diabetes. The present study found replicable associations between conscientiousness and HbA1c in adulthood. Assessment of conscientiousness may improve the identification of individuals at risk of diabetes and guide personalized interventions for regulation of HbA1c level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Databases, Factual; Europe; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Inventory; United States
PubMed: 32659693
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104782 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Aug 2021Online gaming has become an essential form of entertainment with the advent of technology and a large sway of research has been undertaken to understand its various... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Online gaming has become an essential form of entertainment with the advent of technology and a large sway of research has been undertaken to understand its various permutations. Previous reviews have identified associations between the Big Five personality traits and online gaming, but a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between these constructs has yet to be undertaken. In the current study we aimed to fill this gap in the literature through a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising of 17 studies and 25,634 individuals (AgeMean = 26.55, males = 75%). The findings showed that agreeableness, extraversion, openness to experience, and neuroticism were not ubiquitously associated with online gaming. The findings showed that only conscientiousness, across samples, had a protective role in online gaming. Furthermore, there were non-significant variations in the Big Five personality traits associations with online gaming when comparing gamers to the general population, younger versus older participants, casual versus 'hardcore' gamers, and high versus low traits (with the exception of neuroticism). As a result of our observations, the underlying mechanisms of individual differences in online gaming remain unclear. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Individuality; Male; Neuroticism; Personality; Video Games
PubMed: 34432645
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00050 -
PloS One 2022This study examines whether age associates with entrepreneurship tendencies across the lifespan, after taking into account aspects of personality that affect...
This study examines whether age associates with entrepreneurship tendencies across the lifespan, after taking into account aspects of personality that affect entrepreneurship. Participants (N = 963) aged 18-81, including 200 actual entrepreneurs, completed questionnaires about entrepreneurship tendency, personality traits, and attachment orientations. Results show that age is associated with a reduced tendency to engage in entrepreneurial activity. However, this decline is quite limited, it weakens with age, and is absent after age 50. In addition, the negative association of age with entrepreneurial tendency is smaller in participants with above-median entrepreneurship tendency scores relative to those with below-median scores, and it disappears in actual entrepreneurs. Furthermore, most of the traits that have been previously associated with entrepreneurial tendencies, especially Openness to Experience and Extraversion, remain unchanged with age, accounting for the stability of entrepreneurial tendency over time. The results have implications for policy makers who wish to encourage older adults to engage in entrepreneurial activity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Entrepreneurship; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Longevity; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personality; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 35108309
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262856 -
Patient Education and Counseling Feb 2021The objective was to provide a synthesis of already synthesized literature on empathy in order to identify similarities and differences among conceptualizations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to provide a synthesis of already synthesized literature on empathy in order to identify similarities and differences among conceptualizations.
METHODS
A review of reviews was conducted to locate synthesized literature published between January 1980 and December 2019. Two authors screened and extracted data, and quality-appraised the sources. A total of 52 articles deemed relevant to this overview were synthesized using thematic analysis.
RESULTS
The analysis resulted in four themes found in most empathy conceptualizations. In empathy, the empathizer (1) understands, (2) feels, and (3) shares another person's world (4) with self-other differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
Most writings about empathy begin by claiming that there is far from a consensus on how empathy should be defined. This article shows a developing consensus among neuroscientists, psychologists, medical scientists, nursing scientists, philosophers, and others that empathy involves understanding, feeling, sharing, and self-other differentiation.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
A clarification of the content of empathy may assist practitioners and researchers in avoiding confusion regarding the meaning of the concept, as well as in developing and measuring the relevant aspects of the concept.
Topics: Consensus; Delivery of Health Care; Emotions; Empathy; Humans; Physicians
PubMed: 32888755
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.022 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2019Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 93 subjects (47 males and 46 females) with primary hypertension. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated and used as markers of cardiac and vascular damage. Personality traits of each patient were assessed using three psychometric tools: NEO-FFI, DS14 and EAS.
RESULTS
Patients with increased PWV scored significantly lower than individuals with normal PWVin the following scales: NEO-FFI Neuroticism (18 vs. 27.5; p = 0.018), DS14 Negative affectivity (11.5 vs. 17; p = 0.035) and EAS Fear (10 vs. 13; p = 0.004). Subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (increased LVMI values) presented lower levels of openness to experience (measured by the NEO-FFI) than persons with normal LVMI values (23 vs. 26; p = 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that there are significant differences in personality traits between hypertensive patients with and without vascular and cardiac damage.
Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Prognosis; Pulsatile Flow; Vascular Stiffness; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 31955182
DOI: 10.12740/PP/108453 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Debate has long surrounded whether temperament and personality are distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. To the extent that...
Debate has long surrounded whether temperament and personality are distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. To the extent that there are differences, it could indicate important developmental insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for linking traits with outcomes. One way to test this is to examine the joint and incremental predictive validity of temperament and personality in the same individuals across time. Using a longitudinal sample spanning 3 decades starting at infancy and followed up to 37 years old (N = 7081), we ran a series of Bayesian generalized linear models with measures of childhood temperament and adult-based personality to predict outcomes in several life domains. Results indicated that while each set of individual differences were often related to the same outcomes, there were instances in which temperament provided incremental validity above adult personality, ranging from 2 to 10% additional variance explained. Personality in childhood explained the most variance for outcomes such as cognitive ability and educational attainment whereas personality performed best for outcomes such as health status, substance use, and most internalizing outcomes. These findings indicate childhood and adulthood assessments of personality are not redundant and that a lifespan approach is needed to understand fully understand life outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Bayes Theorem; Humans; Individuality; Longitudinal Studies; Personality; Personality Disorders; Temperament
PubMed: 35717439
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14666-0