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The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jan 2021The goal of this paper was to examine associations between personality traits and resilience to neuropathologic burden.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this paper was to examine associations between personality traits and resilience to neuropathologic burden.
METHOD
Using data from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we identified a total of 1,375 participants with personality, cognitive, and post-mortem neuropathology data. We regressed cognition onto pathology and extracted the residuals as an indicator of cognitive resilience. We then modeled the effect of Big Five personality traits on cognitive resilience, adjusting for demographics, APOE status, medical comorbidities, and cognitive activity. The analytic plan was preregistered prior to data access or analysis, and all scripts and outputs are available online.
RESULTS
Higher neuroticism was associated with greater vulnerability to pathology. Results from exploratory analyses suggest that higher conscientiousness was associated with less cognitive decline relative to the amount of pathology, or greater resilience. Education and cognitive activity did not moderate these associations.
DISCUSSION
Personality may have a pathoplastic effect on neuropathology, as low neuroticism and high conscientiousness are associated with better function despite neuropathologic burden.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Autopsy; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognitive Reserve; Female; Humans; Individuality; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 32969474
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa135 -
Psychological Science Oct 2023There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related...
There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related within individuals. Some theories predict that increased earnings lead to higher self-esteem, others that increased self-esteem leads to higher earnings, and still others that there should be no within-person associations between these variables. We tested these theories in 4-year longitudinal data from more than 4,000 adult participants from a Dutch representative sample. Results indicated significant between-person associations between income and self-esteem, consistent with prior research. Within-person effects suggested that increases in self-esteem are a function of previous increases in income more than the other way around. These links held when analyses controlled for employment status, and they generalized across gender, age, and educational background. Overall, the findings provide evidence for theories that consider self-esteem as both a source and a consequence of personal earnings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Self Concept; Income; Employment; Gender Identity; Interpersonal Relations
PubMed: 37732970
DOI: 10.1177/09567976231185129 -
Hormones and Behavior Jun 2024Sex/gender differences in personality associated with gender stereotyped behavior are widely studied in psychology yet remain a subject of ongoing debate. Exposure to...
Sex/gender differences in personality associated with gender stereotyped behavior are widely studied in psychology yet remain a subject of ongoing debate. Exposure to testosterone during developmental periods is considered to be a primary mediator of many sex/gender differences in behavior. Extensions of this research has led to both lay beliefs and initial research about individual differences in basal testosterone in adulthood relating to "masculine" personality. In this study, we explored the relationships between testosterone, gender identity, and gender stereotyped personality attributes in a sample of over 400 university students (65 % female assigned at birth). Participants provided ratings of their self-perceived masculinity and femininity, resulting in a continuous measure of gender identity, and a set of agentic and communal personality attributes. A saliva sample was also provided for assay of basal testosterone. Results showed no compelling evidence that basal testosterone correlates with gender-stereotyped personality attributes or explains the relationship between sex/gender identity and these attributes, across, within, or covarying out sex assigned at birth. Contributing to a more gender diverse approach to assessing sex/gender relationships with personality and testosterone, our continuous measure of self-perceived masculinity and femininity predicted additional variance in personality beyond binary sex and showed some preliminary but weak relationships with testosterone. Results from this study cast doubt on the activational testosterone-masculinity hypothesis for explaining sex differences in gender stereotyped traits and within-sex/gender variation in attributes associated with agency and communality.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Testosterone; Personality; Gender Identity; Young Adult; Adult; Stereotyping; Adolescent; Masculinity; Saliva; Femininity; Self Concept; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 38652981
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105540 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2023Further understanding of the associations between personality traits and allostatic load (AL) may be important for predicting, addressing, and optimizing health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Further understanding of the associations between personality traits and allostatic load (AL) may be important for predicting, addressing, and optimizing health outcomes. This review synthesized the existing literature reporting the association between the Big Five personality traits and AL in adults to identify the generalizability and robustness of relationships, potential mechanisms underlying the associations, and study characteristics that may be contributing to inconsistencies in the field. Published and unpublished empirical reports were included if at least one of the Big Five traits was examined and an AL index was constructed using at least two biomarkers in a sample of adults. The methodological plan and standardized coding guide were pre-registered and reported (https://osf.io/rxw5a). Based on 11 studies that met eligibility, meta-analysis of correlation coefficients indicated a small but significant positive association between neuroticism and AL, and small but significant inverse associations between both conscientiousness and openness with AL. This review identifies strengths and limitations within the field, as well as several avenues for future research.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aged; Personality; Allostasis; Biomarkers; Phenotype; Neuroticism
PubMed: 36996993
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105145 -
Psychological Research Sep 2022Previous studies in adults showed heterogeneous results regarding the associations of personality with intelligence and executive functions (EF). In children, there is a...
Previous studies in adults showed heterogeneous results regarding the associations of personality with intelligence and executive functions (EF). In children, there is a lack of studies investigating the relations between personality and EF. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the relations between the Big Five personality traits, EF, and intelligence in a sample of children (Experiment 1) and young adults (Experiment 2). A total of 155 children (Experiment 1, mean age = 9.54 years) and 91 young adults (Experiment 2, mean age = 23.49 years) participated in the two studies. In both studies, participants performed tasks measuring working memory (WM), inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and fluid intelligence and completed a personality questionnaire. In Experiment 1, we found a negative relation between neuroticism and intelligence. In Experiment 2, we found a positive relation between conscientiousness and intelligence and a positive relation between conscientiousness and cognitive flexibility. Our results suggest a complex interplay between personality factors, EF, and intelligence both in children as well as in young adults.
Topics: Adult; Child; Executive Function; Humans; Intelligence; Memory, Short-Term; Neuroticism; Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 34932156
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01623-1 -
Aging & Mental Health Dec 2021Personality traits have been linked to cognitive impairment, though work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved. Research also needs to consider alternative...
OBJECTIVE
Personality traits have been linked to cognitive impairment, though work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved. Research also needs to consider alternative markers of cognitive impairment, such as informant report measures. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of health behaviors and social engagement as mediators for the relationship between personality and informant reported cognitive problems. It was expected that neuroticism would predict cognitive problems through negative health behaviors, while conscientiousness might predict cognitive problems through positive health behaviors.
METHODS
Using data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study at three time points, spanning approximately 2.27years (= 829, age = 65.95), correlations were computed between the Big Five personality traits and health behaviors at wave 1, social engagement at wave 2, and informant reported cognitive problems at wave 3. Mediation tests examined whether health behaviors and social engagement explained the relationships found between personality and informant reported cognitive problems.
RESULTS
Findings showed that neuroticism at wave 1 significantly predicted informant reported cognitive problems at wave 3 and that health behaviors, specifically wellness maintenance, partially explained this relationship. No significant associations were found between informant reported cognitive problems and conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, or social engagement.
CONCLUSION
This study supports claims that neuroticism predicts later cognitive problems and expands on previous literature by demonstrating this relationship using an informant report measure. Furthermore, we found that health behaviors, and specifically wellness maintenance, account for some of the relationship between neuroticism and informant reported cognitive problems.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Extraversion, Psychological; Health Behavior; Humans; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 33183066
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1839857 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2021Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) measures five psychobiologically based personality factors (activity, aggression, extraversion, neuroticism,...
BACKGROUND
Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) measures five psychobiologically based personality factors (activity, aggression, extraversion, neuroticism, and sensation seeking). The inner strength (from the ten perfections based on Theravada Buddhism) deems positive character, which includes truthfulness, perseverance, wisdom, generosity, morality (five precepts), mindfulness and meditation, patience and endurance, equanimity, determination, and loving kindness measured by the strength-based inventory (SBI). Our aim was to unfold the relationship between ZKA factors and SBI.
METHODS
642 Thai (age mean = 28.27, SD = 10.61) individuals (males 26.2%, females 73.8%) filled out our questionnaire battery: (1) Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality questionnaire - 200 items, 20 facets, five factors: Aggressiveness, Sensation Seeking, Activity, Extraversion, Neuroticism. (Cronbach alphas: 0.88, 0.81, 0.83, 0.89, 0.91 for AG, SS, AC, EX, NEU, respectively). (2) Strength-based inventory - 10 items, measuring 10 inner strength (Cronbach alpha: 0.68). Pearson correlation, neural network modelling and person-oriented methodology (model-based clustering) were conducted for analysis.
RESULTS
Our correlational results revealed that inner strengths are negatively related to Aggression (r=-0.44**), Neuroticism (r=-0.43**), Sensation seeking (r=-0.16**), whereas positively related to Extraversion (r=0.37**) and Activity (r=0.24**). Highest correlations were found between AG and patience (-0.43**) and NEU and perseverance (r=-0.40**), both with negative sign. According to neural network modelling Activity was most related to Perseverance, Aggression to lack of Patience, Neuroticism to lack of Perseverance and Equanimity, Sensation Seeking to lack of Morality. Extraversion was most weakly related to inner strengths, but it was related to all other personality dimensions. Model based clustering revealed four typical personality profiles: resilients (41.8%), extraverted undercontrollers (29.0%), introverted undercontrollers (10.6%) and overcontrolled (18.6%). Results showed that resilients had highest inner strength levels, whereas overcontrolled ones had the lowest.
CONCLUSION
Negative traits are, as expected, conversely related with strength, while positive traits (extraversion and activity) are positively related with strength. Our results confirm that resilient personality pattern can be linked to the inner strengths measured by SBI scale, which was based on 10 Buddhist perfections. Further results should be addressed how increase in inner strength can be related to changes in biologically based personality dimensinos towards the resilient pattern.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 35026811
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Medical Education Aug 2022Personality traits often have an impact on the way individuals relate to each other as colleagues and the patients we treat. It is often perceived that distinct...
PURPOSE
Personality traits often have an impact on the way individuals relate to each other as colleagues and the patients we treat. It is often perceived that distinct personality exist between different specialties and may help predict success during one's training and career.
METHODS
Objective of the study was to compare the personality between surgical and medical residents. Thirty-five medical residents and 35 surgical residents completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, a validated measure of personality traits. A score was generated for each of the 5 major character traits namely: neuroticism(N), extraversion(E), openness(O), conscientiousness(C), agreeableness(A). Each of these traits were subdivided into 6 component facets. This was compared with sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS
Medical residents displayed higher scores in the area of overall Agreeableness, with a mean score of 47.4 vs 40.5. Within Agreeableness facets, medical residents also displayed higher scores of straightforwardness, altruism and modesty. Surgical residents displayed higher scores in terms of overall Extraversion (52.4 vs 45.4). Within the Extraversion facets, surgical residents were also more assertive and excitement-seeking. There was no difference in the overall neuroticism domain; however, within the neuroticism facets, surgical residents had statistically higher mean scores in angry hostility and impulsiveness. Gender stratification did not result in any statistically significant difference.
CONCLUSION
There are fundamental differences between personalities of medical and surgical residents. Detailed analysis of each individual's data could be useful, with proper assistance and coaching, for residents in learning more about their personalities and how these impact their clinical practice. This can be beneficial in future career counselling and the development of a more holistic medical practitioner.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Internal Medicine; Internship and Residency; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36038850
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03689-w -
Psychiatria Danubina 2021In this time of pluralism and effectivness, it is rarely, if ever, in our daily lifes, as just as the broader social circles, spoken of the right upbringing, the virtues...
In this time of pluralism and effectivness, it is rarely, if ever, in our daily lifes, as just as the broader social circles, spoken of the right upbringing, the virtues and the exemplary behaviour - a "role model". While an admirable person presents us the character we can readily look up to, we recognize a call to follow certain values this person idealy-tipically lives by. Regarding that fact, the explicite role models, primarily the people who lived their deep spirituality (for an instance, the saints!) greatly contribute to a healthy development of one's personality and a genuine understanding of ethics.
Topics: Character; Humans; Personality; Spiritual Therapies; Spirituality; Virtues
PubMed: 35026806
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Psychologica Oct 2022Immersion in the digital environment has been widely researched; however, the effects of adaptive and maladaptive schizotypal personality traits on immersion have...
Immersion in the digital environment has been widely researched; however, the effects of adaptive and maladaptive schizotypal personality traits on immersion have received relatively little attention up till now. This study investigates the factors of personal immersion while using entertainment and digital communication applications and other variables such as problematic internet usage, and Facebook addiction. The Immersive Tendency Questionnaire was applied to measure participants' tendency to experience artistic and life-like scenarios in traditional settings (reading a book and watching a movie) and digital environments (playing computer games and using the internet). The study was conducted with 717 college students and graduate persons including, 186 males (mean age: 28.49) and 531 females (mean age: 28.4). The results show that lowered focusing abilities are directly linked with deficiencies in self-coherence, and maladaptive behavior that manifests in problematic internet and Facebook usage. Furthermore, the attention/focusing ability during immersion is accompanied by coherent self-structure and psychological well-being. Therefore, for people who have adequate focusing skills and coherent self-structure, the usage of social media and computer gaming can be considered adequate digital tools for developing their cognitive and social skills.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Internet; Immersion; Behavior, Addictive; Video Games; Personality
PubMed: 36063587
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103735