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International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Personality is one of the most crucial aspects of human life, since it influences all human behaviours in both personal and social life, and might also trigger important... (Review)
Review
Personality is one of the most crucial aspects of human life, since it influences all human behaviours in both personal and social life, and might also trigger important conflicts with a person's surroundings in the setting of incompatible traits and characteristics. It is true that 'one must be born' for a certain medical specialty, but several components of personality might be educated with proper training. Increased levels of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness associated with lower levels of Neuroticism might represent the key combination for achieving professional satisfaction in the medical profession. Medical students should receive proper interprofessional education, since effective interprofessional relationships among healthcare providers definitely improve patients' safety. Empathy contributes to effective patient-physician communication, improving patient trust, compliance, and satisfaction, being positively correlated with Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Extraversion. Emotional intelligence-the capacity to respond to one's own and others' emotions-was proven to contribute, in a synergistic way with empathy, to increasing empathic ability. Clinical communication skills represent a key component in medical students in order to achieve the best patient care, and they are certainly related and/or influenced by empathy, interprofessional collaboration skills, emotional intelligence and, especially, personality traits. Taking into account the complex interactions mentioned above, the implementation of effective courses based on these concepts in medical students, intending to promote the development of clinical communication skills, represents a real emergency, since it might result in a reduction in medical errors and subsequent related deaths. A thorough understanding of students' personality is mandatory before designing these courses in order to provide a training tailored to their personality styles.
Topics: Emotional Intelligence; Empathy; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Students, Medical
PubMed: 34886548
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312822 -
PloS One 2022With the emergence of a new concept called 'Internet Gaming Disorder' in DSM-5 and ICD-11, related research is underway around the globe. However, not enough literature...
With the emergence of a new concept called 'Internet Gaming Disorder' in DSM-5 and ICD-11, related research is underway around the globe. However, not enough literature on Internet gaming addiction has considered the diversity in game genres. Internet gaming addiction may take on a different form according to the particular characteristics of a game being played. To better understand adolescent Internet gaming addiction, this study sought to identify the differences in Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics based on the game genre played. A total of 3,217 elementary and middle school students across Korea participated in the survey that included the Maladaptive Game Use Scale and the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire. ANOVA analysis revealed that Internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics varied according to the game genre played. In particular, post-hoc tests showed that Real-Time Strategy (RTS) and First-Person Shooter (FPS) game users have higher levels of tolerance, withdrawal, and neglect of everyday life compared to other genres such as Role-Playing Game (RPG), Racing, and Arcade/Shooting. Also, Internet gamers users of particular genres showed significantly lower self-esteem (Arcade/Shooting), conscientiousness (Racing), empathy (RPG), and sense of community (Racing and RTS) scores than comparison group. The implications of the study results were discussed with a special emphasis on Internet gaming addiction interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Empathy; Female; Humans; Internet Addiction Disorder; Male; Personality; Republic of Korea; Self Concept; Students; Video Games
PubMed: 35143558
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263645 -
Respiratory Medicine Mar 2023The present study examined the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and lung function and dyspnea. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The present study examined the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and lung function and dyspnea.
METHODS
Participants were middle aged and older adults aged 34-103 years old (N > 25,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate (WLSG) and sibling (WLSS) samples. Data on peak expiratory flow (PEF), dyspnea, personality traits, smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), emotional/psychiatric problems, and demographic factors were obtained in each sample.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis indicated that higher neuroticism was related to lower PEF, higher risk of PEF less than 80% of predicted value, and higher risk of dyspnea. In contrast, higher extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with higher PEF, lower likelihood of PEF lower than 80% of the predicted value, and lower risk of dyspnea. Higher openness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of PEF less than 80%, whereas agreeableness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of dyspnea. Smoking, physical activity, BMI and emotional/psychiatric problems partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that lung disease moderated the association between personality and PEF and dyspnea.
CONCLUSIONS
Across cohorts, this study found replicable evidence that personality is associated with lung function and associated symptomatology.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; United States; Aged; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Longitudinal Studies; Personality; Neuroticism; Dyspnea; Lung
PubMed: 36693440
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107127 -
Brain and Behavior Aug 2022Personality differences have been demonstrated to influence an individual's academic performance in different ways. Notably, conscientiousness is the most consistent...
INTRODUCTION
Personality differences have been demonstrated to influence an individual's academic performance in different ways. Notably, conscientiousness is the most consistent significant predictor of academic performance, while neuroticism shows inconsistent results.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the facets of conscientiousness and neuroticism on academic motivation.
METHOD
The study was conducted in Australia and consisted of 285 undergraduate students. The International Personality Item Pool and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire were used to measure personality and motivation, respectively. Structural equation modeling results revealed that conscientiousness had the most significant relationship with academic motivation, while neuroticism was negatively related. The conscientious facets of self-efficacy and achievement striving were positively related to academic motivation. The results also revealed that the anxiety facet of neuroticism was the only significant positive predictor for academic motivation, while depression and vulnerability were negatively related.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals how personality facets contribute to academic motivation over assessing grades and superordinate factors alone. Trait-level anxiety significantly contributes to academic motivation, helping us shed light on underlying mechanisms such as defensive pessimism, resulting in higher motivation due to fearing the worst.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Inventory; Students
PubMed: 35836402
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2673 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Dec 2023Despite its influence on occupational performance and team dynamics, there has been little research into the personality of dental professionals. Existing research does...
INTRODUCTION
Despite its influence on occupational performance and team dynamics, there has been little research into the personality of dental professionals. Existing research does not typically use the prevailing five-factor model of personality. We aimed to measure the personality of dental professionals in the United Kingdom and investigate differences among groups.
METHODS
The sample (n = 906) comprised dental nurses (n = 475), general dental practitioners (GDPs) (n = 182), orthodontists (n = 201), and oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs) (n = 48). Recruitment was via email and social media. The questionnaire collected data on demographic variables and contained the Big Five Inventory, a validated self-report personality test. Participants scored on extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness neuroticism, and openness. A one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were used to identify significant differences in personality between occupations. Hierarchical multiple regression determined the influence of occupation over and above demographic variables.
RESULTS
On a 5-point scale, orthodontists had a mean conscientiousness score 0.23 points higher than GDPs (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.36). Dental nurses had a mean conscientiousness score 0.28 points higher than GDPs (95% CI, 0.17-0.39). Dental nurses had a mean agreeableness score 0.16 points higher than orthodontists (95% CI, 0.05-0.27) and 0.30 points higher than OMFSs (95% CI, 0.10-0.50). For neuroticism, orthodontists had a mean score 0.21 points lower than dental nurses (95% CI, 0.06-0.36), and OMFSs had a mean score 0.43 points lower than dental nurses (95% CI, 0.16-0.70). GDPs had a mean neuroticism score 0.43 points higher than OMFSs (95% CI, 0.14-0.71; P = 0.001). Differences were small to moderate in size (d = 0.35-0.45) and occupation was associated with personality after accounting for demographic variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The personalities of dental nurses, GDPs, orthodontists, and OMFSs differed. Occupation was associated with differences in personality after accounting for demographic characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentists; Professional Role; Personality; Surveys and Questionnaires; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37676218
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.06.021 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Nov 2022This rapid realist review aims to explain how and why person-centred care (PCC) in primary care works (or not) among others for people with low health literacy skills... (Review)
Review
This rapid realist review aims to explain how and why person-centred care (PCC) in primary care works (or not) among others for people with low health literacy skills and for people with a diverse ethnic and socioeconomic background, and to construct a middle-range programme theory (PT). Peered reviewed- and non-peer-reviewed literature (Jan 2013-Feb 2021) reporting on PCC in primary care was included. Selection and appraisal of documents were based on relevance and rigour according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) criteria. Data on context, mechanisms and outcomes (CMO) were extracted. Based on the extracted data, CMO configurations were identified per source publication. Configurations containing all three constructs (CMO) were included in the PT. The middle-range PT demonstrates that healthcare professionals (HCPs) should be trained and equipped with the knowledge and skills to communicate effectively (i.e. in easy-to-understand words, emphatically, checking whether the patient understands everything, listening attentively) tailored to the wishes, needs and possibilities of the patient, which may lead to higher satisfaction. This way the patient will be more involved in the care process and in the shared decision-making process, which may result in improved concordance, and an improved treatment approach. A respectful and empathic attitude of the HCP plays an important role in establishing a strong therapeutic relationship and improved health (system) outcomes. Together with a good accessibility of care for patients, setting up a personalised care plan with all involved parties may positively affect the self-management skills of patients. Good collaboration within the team and between different domains is desirable to ensure good care coordination. The coherence of items related to PCC in primary care should be considered to better understand its effectiveness.
Topics: Humans; Patient-Centered Care; Health Personnel; Empathy
PubMed: 35862510
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13913 -
PloS One 2021In Europe and America, associations between personality traits and body-mass index (BMI) have been reported. However, in Japan, the association between personality...
In Europe and America, associations between personality traits and body-mass index (BMI) have been reported. However, in Japan, the association between personality traits and BMI (i.e., thinness and obesity) has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality traits and changes in BMI status among Japanese students during their university attendance. We measured the height and weight of 5,340 students in a Japanese university during annual medical checkups and calculated their BMI. The students' personality traits were measured using the short Japanese version of the TCI at university admission. The participants were divided into seven groups based on how BMI changed from the first year to the fourth year at university. In men, compared to the group that maintained normal BMI status (N = 2,189) over time (i.e., the control group), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 226) were lower in Reward Dependence, and the group whose status improved from thinness to normal (N = 117) were higher in Harm Avoidance. In women, compared with the control group (N = 1,510), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 302) was lower in Novelty Seeking, and the group whose status worsened from normal to thinness (N = 127) was higher in Harm Avoidance. Weak associations were found between thinness and TCI personality traits among Japanese university students. Further elaboration of the relationship between obesity or thinness and personality traits may help to provide effective preventive interventions in these areas.
Topics: Adolescent; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Personality; Personality Inventory; Students; Temperament; Universities
PubMed: 33750962
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248833 -
Acta Psychologica Nov 2022Previous studies have looked at the associations between personality traits and illegal drug use in people across various age groups and in various countries. However,...
Previous studies have looked at the associations between personality traits and illegal drug use in people across various age groups and in various countries. However, much less is known about how personality traits relate to illegal drug use in young people aged between 16 and 21 in the context of the United Kingdom, who are in a unique developmental period that is more vulnerable to illegal drugs. Moreover, previous studies have only looked at the relationship between personality traits and illegal drug use status, and less much is known about how personality traits relate to drug use frequency. The current study analyzed the data by using a binary and ordinal logistic regression to analyze responses from 775 young drug users and 2757 young non-drug users from UKHLS. The results found that Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion are positively related to ever illegal drug use whereas Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are negatively associated with ever illegal drug use during the past year. However, only Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness were associated with the frequency of illegal drug use. To conclude, the current study contributes to theories that propose illegal drug use is a result of personality traits such as the self-derogation theory and the problem behavior theory, which propose that substance use is a result of personality. Psychologists might use this information as a method to identify potential populations who are at risk of taking illegal drugs, which may benefit preventive interventions that can reduce illegal drug use in young people. Future studies should use more objective measures, examine different types of drug use, and test these associations in other cultures.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Extraversion, Psychological; Personality; Neuroticism; Substance-Related Disorders; Illicit Drugs
PubMed: 36368191
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103794 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities...
In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model's predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the "Predictive Five" (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.
Topics: Humans; Intelligence; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35879357
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16108-3 -
Surgery Nov 2022The challenging nature of performing surgery on a personal and professional level demands specific characteristics. Personality traits play an important role in the...
BACKGROUND
The challenging nature of performing surgery on a personal and professional level demands specific characteristics. Personality traits play an important role in the nature and behavior of humans, which are studied using the five-factor model. Therefore, we investigated the personality of 3 surgical generations.
METHODS
Three distinct surgical populations were approached. The Dutch Big Five Inventory-2 was sent out online to 126 surgical residents (response: n = 69) and 104 surgeons (response: n = 60) in a teaching region in the Netherlands. Moreover, medical students interested in surgery were approached via the students' surgical society (response: n = 54). To obtain a normative Dutch population sample, the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel was used, creating groups of the following age categories: 18 to 25 (n = 84), 26 to 35 (n = 101), 36 to 67 (n = 432). One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was used to assess differences in personality scores.
RESULTS
Individuals interested in surgery (ie, surgically-oriented medical students, surgical residents, and surgeons) generally scored significantly higher on extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, open-mindedness, and lower on negative emotionality compared with the normative population sample. Across the surgical generations, surgical residents scored significantly lower on open-mindedness (3.60) compared with surgeons (3.92) and surgically-oriented medical students (3.82). Surgically-oriented medical students scored significantly higher in negative emotionality (2.44) compared with surgical residents (2.12) and surgeons (2.07).
CONCLUSION
Being a surgeon demands particular levels of determination and emotional stability. The surgical population shows a distinct personality pattern compared with the normative population, and more modest differences exist between persons in different stages of their surgical career.
Topics: Humans; Netherlands; Personality; Research; Students, Medical; Surgeons
PubMed: 36064500
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.003