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BMC Psychology Nov 2022The relationship between wellbeing and personality has been studied extensively, but few studies have examined these in the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood....
BACKGROUND
The relationship between wellbeing and personality has been studied extensively, but few studies have examined these in the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood. Moreover, the influence of contextual factors such as engagement in leisure activities are rarely considered.
METHODS
The present study employs a combination of frequentist and Bayesian analyses to evaluate the concurrent impact of personality traits and leisure activities on five conceptions of wellbeing (life satisfaction; positive affect; negative affect; mental health; flourishing) in three cohorts of young people (aged 14-15; 16-17; 18-20 years).
RESULTS
Personality traits were the only significant predictors of life satisfaction and negative affect, but leisure activities in the form of socialising or physical activity, in addition to personality traits, predicted positive affect, mental health and flourishing. Neuroticism was the largest predictor of wellbeing overall, whereas conscientiousness was the most consistent. Lower levels of wellbeing were also associated with higher levels of creative potential.
CONCLUSIONS
The study not only confirms the importance of personality traits as predictors of wellbeing in adolescents and young adults, but also indicates the necessity to consider the impact of leisure activities in different conceptions of wellbeing. The negative relationship between creative potential and wellbeing is in line with the literature which shows a link between mental illness, particularly at subclinical levels, and creativity.
Topics: Young Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Bayes Theorem; Leisure Activities; Personality; Neuroticism; Mental Health
PubMed: 36333753
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00954-x -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024Personality changes are related to successfully performing adult occupational roles which require teamwork, duty, and managing stress. However, it is unclear how...
OBJECTIVE
Personality changes are related to successfully performing adult occupational roles which require teamwork, duty, and managing stress. However, it is unclear how personality development relates to specific job characteristics that vary across occupations.
METHOD
We investigated whether 151 objective job characteristics, derived from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), were associated with personality levels and changes in a 12-year longitudinal sample followed over the school to work transition. Using cross-validated regularized modeling, we combined two Icelandic longitudinal datasets (total N = 1054) and constructed an individual-level, aggregated job characteristics score that maximized prediction of personality levels at baseline and change over time.
RESULTS
The strongest association was found for level of openness (0.25), followed by conscientiousness (0.16) and extraversion (0.14). Overall, aggregated job characteristics had a stronger prediction for personality intercepts (0.14) than slopes (0.10). These results were subsequently replicated in a U.S. sample using levels of the Big Five as the dependent variable. This indicates that associations between job characteristics and personality are generalizable across life stages and nations.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that job titles are a valuable resource that can be linked to personality to better understand factors that influence psychological development. Further work is needed to document the prospective validity of job characteristics across a wider range of occupations and age.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Personality; Personality Development; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37072929
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12836 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jul 2021Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of being a boy, a girl, some of both, or neither and typically develops early in childhood.
Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of being a boy, a girl, some of both, or neither and typically develops early in childhood.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34047753
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1014 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2024Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional... (Review)
Review
Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional Stability continues to increase throughout late adulthood. We propose that these normative patterns of personality development can be explained by motivational theories of aging. Specifically, decreases in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience may reflect a reduced capacity to control one's environment, whereas continued increases in Emotional Stability reflect increases in individual's ability to compensate and cope with age-graded losses. Pairing motivational theories of aging with longitudinal evidence in personality science provides an explanation for empirical patterns of personality trait development and raises interesting possibilities to promote healthy aging.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Adult; Personality Development; Personality; Emotions; Aging; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 38007918
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101731 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Dec 2023Despite its influence on occupational performance and team dynamics, there has been little research into the personality of dental professionals. Existing research does...
INTRODUCTION
Despite its influence on occupational performance and team dynamics, there has been little research into the personality of dental professionals. Existing research does not typically use the prevailing five-factor model of personality. We aimed to measure the personality of dental professionals in the United Kingdom and investigate differences among groups.
METHODS
The sample (n = 906) comprised dental nurses (n = 475), general dental practitioners (GDPs) (n = 182), orthodontists (n = 201), and oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs) (n = 48). Recruitment was via email and social media. The questionnaire collected data on demographic variables and contained the Big Five Inventory, a validated self-report personality test. Participants scored on extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness neuroticism, and openness. A one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were used to identify significant differences in personality between occupations. Hierarchical multiple regression determined the influence of occupation over and above demographic variables.
RESULTS
On a 5-point scale, orthodontists had a mean conscientiousness score 0.23 points higher than GDPs (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.36). Dental nurses had a mean conscientiousness score 0.28 points higher than GDPs (95% CI, 0.17-0.39). Dental nurses had a mean agreeableness score 0.16 points higher than orthodontists (95% CI, 0.05-0.27) and 0.30 points higher than OMFSs (95% CI, 0.10-0.50). For neuroticism, orthodontists had a mean score 0.21 points lower than dental nurses (95% CI, 0.06-0.36), and OMFSs had a mean score 0.43 points lower than dental nurses (95% CI, 0.16-0.70). GDPs had a mean neuroticism score 0.43 points higher than OMFSs (95% CI, 0.14-0.71; P = 0.001). Differences were small to moderate in size (d = 0.35-0.45) and occupation was associated with personality after accounting for demographic variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The personalities of dental nurses, GDPs, orthodontists, and OMFSs differed. Occupation was associated with differences in personality after accounting for demographic characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentists; Professional Role; Personality; Surveys and Questionnaires; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37676218
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.06.021 -
Psychopathology 2023The progressively improving understanding of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) has led to an increased interest in the better clarification of the integrated... (Review)
Review
The progressively improving understanding of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) has led to an increased interest in the better clarification of the integrated role of biological and psychosocial factors in the underlying pathophysiology of this condition. The influence of early childhood interactions and stress exposure in shaping our personalities during adulthood cannot be emphasized enough. In this review, we discuss the critical role of parenting-related factors including maladaptive parenting, parenting styles, and parenting psychopathology as early childhood influences in the developmental psychopathology of BPD. Protective factors that may impact the development of this disorder and possible preventive interventions are also briefly reviewed.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Adult; Parenting; Borderline Personality Disorder; Psychopathology; Personality
PubMed: 35640542
DOI: 10.1159/000524802 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Personality is one of the fundamental factors in determining longevity. We used a 14-year mortality surveillance to investigate the relationship between the Big Five...
Personality is one of the fundamental factors in determining longevity. We used a 14-year mortality surveillance to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and all-cause mortality among older adults dwelling in a Japanese community. Individuals over 65 years old (484 males and 743 females) were recruited for the study. We used the NEO Five-Factor Inventory to assess the Big Five personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. During the follow-up period, 502 persons (250 men and 252 women) had died. Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for covariates showed that extraversion (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.783, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.636 to 0.965 and HR = 0.757, 95% CI = 0.607 to 0.944 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively), openness (HR = 0.768, 95% CI = 0.608 to 0.969 for the highest tertile), and conscientiousness (HR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.607 to 0.913 and HR = 0.667, 95% CI = 0.530 to 0.840 for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively) were inversely associated with mortality when the five traits were analyzed separately. Our findings suggest that older adults who have a higher level of either extraversion, openness, or conscientiousness are more likely to live longer.
Topics: Aged; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Japan; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 35206600
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042413 -
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2020This study aims to help people working in the field of AI understand some of the unique issues regarding disabled people and examines the relationship between the terms...
This study aims to help people working in the field of AI understand some of the unique issues regarding disabled people and examines the relationship between the terms "Personalisation" and "Classification" with regard to disability inclusion. Classification using big data struggles to cope with the individual uniqueness of disabled people, and whereas developers tend to design for the majority so ignoring outliers, designing for edge cases would be a more inclusive approach. Other issues that are discussed in the study include personalising mobile technology accessibility settings with interoperable profiles to allow ubiquitous accessibility; the ethics of using genetic data-driven personalisation to ensure babies are not born with disabilities; the importance of including disabled people in decisions to help understand AI implications; the relationship between localisation and personalisation as assistive technologies need localising in terms of language as well as culture; the ways in which AI could be used to create personalised symbols for people who find it difficult to communicate in speech or writing; and whether blind or visually impaired person will be permitted to "drive" an autonomous car. This study concludes by suggesting that the relationship between the terms "Personalisation" and "Classification" with regards to AI and disability inclusion is a very unique one because of the heterogeneity in contrast to the other protected characteristics and so needs unique solutions.
PubMed: 33733215
DOI: 10.3389/frai.2020.571955 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence May 2023While patterns of adolescent personality development are country-specific, previous studies that have examined them have been limited to the Netherlands and Finland....
While patterns of adolescent personality development are country-specific, previous studies that have examined them have been limited to the Netherlands and Finland. This study aimed to identify the patterns of personality development and examine the relationship between these patterns and psychosocial functioning among Japanese adolescents. Overall, 618 Japanese adolescents (49.5% girls; 16 years) participated in the annual longitudinal survey from 2013 to 2016. Using latent class growth analysis, the following four patterns of personality development were identified: resilient, over-controlled, vulnerable, and moderate. Although the mean-level changes in the Big Five domains were generally insignificant among the four patterns, the vulnerable pattern showed a progressive increase in conscientiousness, and the moderate pattern showed a decrease in neuroticism and an increase in conscientiousness. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated that the resilient pattern showed higher subjective well-being and lower psychosocial problems than the other personality patterns; the over-controlled pattern showed higher internalizing problems than the resilient pattern; the vulnerable pattern showed lower subjective well-being and higher internalizing problems than the other patterns; and the moderate pattern scored between the resilient, over-controlled, and vulnerable patterns in both subjective well-being and psychosocial problems. These findings suggest that the vulnerable and moderate patterns, which are immature patterns compared to the resilient and over-controlled ones, showed positive changes to the direction of maturity from middle to late adolescence in Japan.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Male; Longitudinal Studies; Psychosocial Functioning; East Asian People; Personality Development; Personality
PubMed: 36680631
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01720-3 -
Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2022While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into... (Review)
Review
While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into alignment with their gender identity is relatively recent, with origins in the first half of the 20th century. Adolescent gender-affirming care, however, did not emerge until the late 20th century and has been built upon pioneering work from the Netherlands, first published in 1998. Since that time, evolving protocols for gender-diverse adolescents have been incorporated into clinical practice guidelines and standards of care published by the Endocrine Society and World Professional Association for Transgender Health, respectively, and have been endorsed by major medical and mental health professional societies around the world. In addition, in recent decades, evidence has continued to emerge supporting the concept that gender identity is not simply a psychosocial construct but likely reflects a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. Notably, however, while there has been increased acceptance of gender diversity in some parts of the world, transgender adolescents and those who provide them with gender-affirming medical care, particularly in the USA, have been caught in the crosshairs of a culture war, with the risk of preventing access to care that published studies have indicated may be lifesaving. Despite such challenges and barriers to care, currently available evidence supports the benefits of an interdisciplinary model of gender-affirming medical care for transgender/gender-diverse adolescents. Further long-term safety and efficacy studies are needed to optimize such care.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Sex Characteristics; Netherlands
PubMed: 36446328
DOI: 10.1159/000526721