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Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2022While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into... (Review)
Review
While individuals have demonstrated gender diversity throughout history, the use of medication and/or surgery to bring a person's physical sex characteristics into alignment with their gender identity is relatively recent, with origins in the first half of the 20th century. Adolescent gender-affirming care, however, did not emerge until the late 20th century and has been built upon pioneering work from the Netherlands, first published in 1998. Since that time, evolving protocols for gender-diverse adolescents have been incorporated into clinical practice guidelines and standards of care published by the Endocrine Society and World Professional Association for Transgender Health, respectively, and have been endorsed by major medical and mental health professional societies around the world. In addition, in recent decades, evidence has continued to emerge supporting the concept that gender identity is not simply a psychosocial construct but likely reflects a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. Notably, however, while there has been increased acceptance of gender diversity in some parts of the world, transgender adolescents and those who provide them with gender-affirming medical care, particularly in the USA, have been caught in the crosshairs of a culture war, with the risk of preventing access to care that published studies have indicated may be lifesaving. Despite such challenges and barriers to care, currently available evidence supports the benefits of an interdisciplinary model of gender-affirming medical care for transgender/gender-diverse adolescents. Further long-term safety and efficacy studies are needed to optimize such care.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Sex Characteristics; Netherlands
PubMed: 36446328
DOI: 10.1159/000526721 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jan 2021Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on...
OBJECTIVES
Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on cross-sectional designs, thereby limiting examination of longitudinal personality concordance. Given that life experiences shape within-person change in personality, and that partners within a couple often experience similar life events, investigation of within-couple personality synchrony and associations with marital outcomes is warranted.
METHODS
Using data from 3,988 couples (mean age at baseline = 67.0 years, SD = 9.6), multilevel dyadic growth models estimated within-couple similarity in baseline levels, change, and occasion-to-occasion variability for each of the Big Five personality traits over an 8-year follow-up. Bivariate growth models examined the effect of within-couple similarity on perceived spousal support, accounting for dependency within couples.
RESULTS
Adjusting for baseline age, education, functional ability, and relationship length, analyses revealed within-couple concordance between baseline levels of all 5 personality traits, as well as correlated within-couple fluctuations in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness over time. Similarity in openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism trajectories predicted spousal support. Couples were most similar in openness, showing correlated intercepts, change, and variability, and this longitudinal synchrony was particularly important for perceived spousal support in women.
DISCUSSION
These findings provide evidence for longitudinal personality synchrony over time within older adult couples. Further, concordance in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness predicted perceived spousal support, though there may be some gender differences in personality dynamics and relationship well-being. Effects of similarity were relatively small compared to actor and partner effects of these traits.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Extraversion, Psychological; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Social Support; Spouses
PubMed: 32931566
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa163 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021Sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Some studies have investigated the role of personality traits in different sexting...
BACKGROUND
Sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Some studies have investigated the role of personality traits in different sexting behaviors within mainstream personality taxonomies like Big Five and HEXACO. However, very few studies have investigated the role of maladaptive personality factors in sexting. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and experimental (i.e., sharing own sexts), risky (i.e., sexting under substance use and with strangers), and aggravated sexting (i.e., non-consensual sexting and sexting under pressure) across 11 countries.
METHODS
An online survey was completed by 6093 participants (Mage = 20.35; SDage = 3.63) from 11 different countries which covered four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America). Participants completed the Sexting Behaviors Questionnaire and the 12-item Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale.
RESULTS
Hierarchical regression analyses showed that sharing own sexts was positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Narcissism. Both risky and aggravated sexting were positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Psychopathy.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study provided empirical evidence that different sexting behaviors were predicted by Dark Triad Personality Traits, showing a relevant role of Machiavellianism in all kinds of investigated sexting behaviors. Research, clinical, and education implications for prevention programs are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Africa; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Asia; Europe; Humans; Machiavellianism; Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 33806314
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052526 -
International Journal of Behavioral... Dec 2022We examined how sociodemographic factors, childhood trauma, personality dimensions, and self-rated health were associated with outcome resilience and how different...
BACKGROUND
We examined how sociodemographic factors, childhood trauma, personality dimensions, and self-rated health were associated with outcome resilience and how different stressors influenced depressive symptoms.
METHODS
An outcome resilience score for 213 adults was derived by means of a residualization approach. Associations between outcome resilience and sociodemographic and personality factors were evaluated using linear regression. In addition, associations between log-transformed depressive symptoms and the stressors were analyzed using multiple linear regression. A Pearson correlation coefficient between self-rated health and outcome resilience was also computed.
RESULTS
Higher neuroticism was negatively and higher conscientiousness was positively associated with outcome resilience. Better self-rated health was associated with higher outcome resilience. Somatic disease events and onset of chronic mental disorders were associated with more depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Outcome resilience was significantly related to neuroticism, conscientiousness, and self-rated health. Strong associations between depressive symptoms and the stressors somatic disease event, and chronic mental disorder were observed.
Topics: Adult; Middle Aged; Humans; Personality; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Sociodemographic Factors; Neuroticism; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35246825
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10061-1 -
PloS One 2023The current empirical evidence regarding the effects of personality on physical attractiveness is limited to adult faces. In two preregistered studies, we demonstrated...
The current empirical evidence regarding the effects of personality on physical attractiveness is limited to adult faces. In two preregistered studies, we demonstrated that personality descriptions influenced perceived cuteness, warmth, competence of young children, and female adults' nurturing motivation toward them. Study 1 showed that participants rated children accompanied by positive personality descriptions as cuter, friendlier, and more intelligent than their initial ratings. Negative personality descriptions reduced perceived cuteness in children, which in turn reduced nurturing motivation. Study 2 showed that negative personality descriptions consistently reduced perceived cuteness and warmth ratings after manipulation, regardless of the initial level of perceived cuteness. After one week, cuteness and warmth ratings in the positive personality condition tended to return to their initial ratings. However, the effect of negative personality descriptions on cuteness ratings persisted for all children. Together, our findings suggest that female adults' perception of cuteness and nurturing motivation are induced not only by children's appearance but also their personality.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Female; Child, Preschool; Motivation; Personality Disorders; Face; Intelligence; Personality
PubMed: 36652408
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279985 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2023Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to other people. Sexual orientation measures do not typically consider...
BACKGROUND
Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to other people. Sexual orientation measures do not typically consider desires for, or sexual behavior with, transgender people. We describe measures inclusive of transgender people and characterize sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction in a representative sample of the U.S. transgender population.
METHODS
Between April 2016-December 2018, a U.S. national probability sample of transgender (n = 274) and cisgender (n = 1,162) adults were invited to complete a self-administered web or mailed paper survey. We assessed sexual identity with updated response options inclusive of recent identity terms (e.g., queer), and revised sexual behavior and attraction measures that included transgender people. Multiple response options were allowed for sexual behavior and attraction. Weighted descriptive statistics and sexual orientation differences by gender identity groups were estimated using age-adjusted comparisons.
RESULTS
Compared to the cisgender population, the transgender population was more likely to identify as a sexual minority and have heterogeneity in sexual orientation, behavior, and attraction. In the transgender population, the most frequently endorsed sexual orientation identities were "bisexual" (18.9%), "queer" (18.1%), and "straight" (17.6%). Sexually active transgender respondents reported diverse partners in the prior 5 years: 52.6% cisgender women (CW), 42.7% cisgender men (CM), 16.9% transgender women (TW), and 19.5% transgender men (TM); 27.7% did not have sex in the past 5 years. Overall, 73.6% were "somewhat"/ "very" attracted to CW, 58.3% CM, 56.8% TW, 52.4% TM, 59.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-females-at-birth, 51.9% genderqueer/nonbinary-males-at-birth. Sexual orientation identity, behavior, and attraction significantly differed by gender identity for TW, TM, and nonbinary participants (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Inclusive measures of sexual orientation captured diverse sexual identities, partner genders, and desires. Future research is needed to cognitively test and validate these measures, especially with cisgender respondents, and to assess the relation of sexual orientation and health for transgender people.
Topics: Female; Adult; Humans; Male; Transgender Persons; Gender Identity; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Bisexuality
PubMed: 37715161
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16654-z -
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Apr 2021Steep delay discounting is associated with problems such as addiction, obesity, and risky sexual behavior that are frequently described as reflecting impulsiveness and...
Steep delay discounting is associated with problems such as addiction, obesity, and risky sexual behavior that are frequently described as reflecting impulsiveness and lack of self-control, but it may simply indicate poor cognitive functioning. The present investigation took advantage of the unique opportunity provided by the Human Connectome Project (N=1,206) to examine the relation between delay discounting and 11 cognitive tasks as well as the Big Five fundamental personality traits. With income level and education statistically controlled, discounting was correlated with only four of the 11 cognitive abilities evaluated, although the rs were all small (<.20). Importantly, the two discounting measures loaded on their own factor. Discounting was not correlated with Neuroticism or Conscientiousness, traits related to psychometric impulsiveness and self-control. These findings suggest that steep delay discounting is not simply an indicator of poor cognitive functioning or psychometric impulsiveness but an important individual difference characteristic in its own right.
Topics: Adult; Aptitude; Cognition; Delay Discounting; Female; Humans; Individuality; Male; Personality
PubMed: 33219456
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-020-01777-w -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This...
People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This research examined, for the first time, the moderating and mediating role of personality type in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. Among 300 female nursing and cosmetology students ranging in age from 19 to 24 years (M = 21.28, SD = 1.39), 150 individuals (50%) presented with symptoms of acne vulgaris (AV group), while the other 150 (50%) were categorized as controls without acne vulgaris (WAV sample). A cross-sectional study was conducted using three self-report questionnaires: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS), and the Type D Scale (DS14). Acne vulgaris was clinically diagnosed using the Hellgren-Vincent Scale (HVS). The AV group scored significantly higher on the FTAS and DS14 and lower on the SWLS than the WAV sample. Life satisfaction correlated negatively with both the negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) subscales of the DS14. The moderating role of the Type A behavioral pattern (TABP) and the mediating role of both NA and SI subscales of the DS14 were observed in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. The type of personality may explain the mechanism of the relationship between acne disease and subjective well-being. Therefore, psychological interventions and strategies focused on managing stress and mood may effectively improve satisfaction with life in people with acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Type A Personality; Type D Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 33212977
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228524 -
PloS One 2024Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities...
Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities relate to their feelings of school belonging. We address this gap in the literature by leveraging data from a large sample of first-year college students (N = 4,753) from a diverse set of North American colleges and universities (N = 12). We found that both extraversion and agreeableness were positively associated with belonging, while neuroticism was negatively associated with belonging. In an exploratory analysis, we examined differences between large and small schools. Students who were more extraverted, less neurotic, and less open were more likely to attend large schools. Additionally, the association between extraversion and belonging was stronger for students at large schools. These findings advance our understanding of who comes to feel like they belong at college and how school context may influence these relationships. We emphasize the need for continued research on the relationship between personality and belonging. Additionally, we highlight the implications of these results for higher education institutions.
Topics: Humans; Universities; Emotions; Personality; Schools; Students
PubMed: 38232053
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295436 -
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2023Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development...
BACKGROUND
Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development of these disorders remain unclear. The present study assessed temperament in a well-characterized sample of adults with TTM or SPD.
METHODS
A total of 202 adults age 18 to 65 were enrolled; 44 had TTM, 30 had SPD, and 128 served as controls. Participants completed the self-report Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) to examine the severity of TTM and SPD symptoms, quality of life, and temperament. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined.
RESULTS
Compared to controls, those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and its subscales, with TTM associated with higher scores than SPD. Those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on only 1 measure of novelty seeking (extravagance). Higher TPQ harm avoidance correlated with worse hair pulling severity and worse quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
The temperament traits of participants with TTM or SPD differed in significant ways from controls; those with TTM or SPD generally demonstrated similar trait profiles. A dimensional approach to the personalities of those with TTM or SPD may offer insight and provide clues to treatment strategies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Trichotillomania; Temperament; Quality of Life; Personality Disorders; Personality
PubMed: 37074974
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0096