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Journal of Personality and Social... Mar 2022Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current...
Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current study investigated the dynamic relations between personality traits and physical health at both the between-person and the within-person levels. Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS; N = 1,734), the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS; N = 13,559), and the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2,209). Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) and the continuous time (CT) models, after controlling the between-person variance, generally, evidence was found for bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in self-rated health and general disease level. Bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and change in cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases were observed only when time was modeled as continuous. We also found within-person associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in performance-based ratings of motor functioning impairment. According to the current findings, the dynamic within-person relations between personality traits and health outcomes were largely in the direction consistent with their between-person connections, although the within-person relationships were substantially smaller in strength when compared their between-person counterparts. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of distinguishing between-person and within-person effects when examining the longitudinal relationship between personality traits and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Aging; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 35157486
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000399 -
South African Family Practice :... Jan 2023The change agent role of the family physician is often a daunting task with very little guidance on how to approach change leadership in the current fellowship...
The change agent role of the family physician is often a daunting task with very little guidance on how to approach change leadership in the current fellowship curriculum. This continuing medical education resource will utilise the theory of change and provide some guidance to taking on this task in the workplace. The approach can be used in healthcare, the community, academia, and research projects. The resource will outline a systematic approach to developing a logic-based strategy for outcomes. The process will be unpacked, the evaluation method outlined, and strategies for ensuring the sustainability of the changing culture will be discussed.
Topics: Change Management; Curriculum; Delivery of Health Care; Education, Medical, Continuing; Leadership
PubMed: 36744491
DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5602 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 2021Personality traits predict important life outcomes, such as success in love and work life, well-being, health, and longevity. Given these positive relations to important... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Personality traits predict important life outcomes, such as success in love and work life, well-being, health, and longevity. Given these positive relations to important outcomes, economists, policy makers, and scientists have proposed intervening to change personality traits to promote positive life outcomes. However, nonclinical interventions to change personality traits are lacking so far in large-scale naturalistic populations. This study ( = 1,523) examined the effects of a 3-mo digital personality change intervention using a randomized controlled trial and the smartphone application PEACH (PErsonality coACH). Participants who received the intervention showed greater self-reported changes compared to participants in the waitlist control group who had to wait 1 mo before receiving the intervention. Self-reported changes aligned with intended goals for change and were significant for those desiring to increase on a trait ( = 0.52) and for those desiring to decrease on a trait = -0.58). Observers such as friends, family members, or intimate partners also detected significant personality changes in the desired direction for those desiring to increase on a trait ( = 0.35). Observer-reported changes for those desiring to decrease on a trait were not significant ( = -0.22). Moreover, self- and observer-reported changes persisted until 3 mo after the end of the intervention. This work provides the strongest evidence to date that normal personality traits can be changed through intervention in nonclinical samples.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Psychotherapy; Self Report; Smartphone
PubMed: 33558417
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017548118 -
Psychology & Health May 2024To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood.
DESIGN
Longitudinal analysis of participants from nine samples (N > 28,000).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Physical activity status at follow-up.
RESULTS
A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were related to a higher likelihood of initiation of physical activity over time among individuals who were physically inactive at baseline and to a lower risk of termination of physical activity among those who were physically active at baseline. In contrast, higher neuroticism was associated with a lower probability of initiation of physical activity and a higher likelihood of termination over time. Although not hypothesised, agreeableness was also associated with better physical activity outcomes over time.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the largest and the longest evidence of a replicable association between personality and change in physical activity status. Personality may motivate both the initiation and termination of physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Personality; Neuroticism; Exercise; Cognition; Extraversion, Psychological; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35765986
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2092866 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2019Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 93 subjects (47 males and 46 females) with primary hypertension. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated and used as markers of cardiac and vascular damage. Personality traits of each patient were assessed using three psychometric tools: NEO-FFI, DS14 and EAS.
RESULTS
Patients with increased PWV scored significantly lower than individuals with normal PWVin the following scales: NEO-FFI Neuroticism (18 vs. 27.5; p = 0.018), DS14 Negative affectivity (11.5 vs. 17; p = 0.035) and EAS Fear (10 vs. 13; p = 0.004). Subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (increased LVMI values) presented lower levels of openness to experience (measured by the NEO-FFI) than persons with normal LVMI values (23 vs. 26; p = 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that there are significant differences in personality traits between hypertensive patients with and without vascular and cardiac damage.
Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Prognosis; Pulsatile Flow; Vascular Stiffness; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 31955182
DOI: 10.12740/PP/108453 -
Psychophysiology Jun 2022Persuasion aims at changing peoples' motivations and/or behaviors. This study explores how and when physiology reflects persuasion processes and specifically whether...
Persuasion aims at changing peoples' motivations and/or behaviors. This study explores how and when physiology reflects persuasion processes and specifically whether individual differences in motivations and behaviors affect psychophysiologic reactions to persuasive information. Participants (N = 70) with medium or high meat consumption patterns watched a persuasive video advocating limited meat consumption, while their electrodermal and cardiovascular physiology was measured. Results indicated that the video increased participants' moral beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and reduction intentions. This study also found an increase in physiologic arousal during the persuasive video and that people with motivations less aligned to the persuasion objective had more physiologic arousal. The findings encourage further psychophysiologic persuasion research, especially as these insights can potentially be used to personalize persuasive messages of behavior change applications.
Topics: Humans; Individuality; Intention; Morals; Motivation; Persuasive Communication
PubMed: 35066870
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14001 -
PloS One 2021This study investigated the association between personality traits and food stockpiling for disasters in predicted high-risk areas of food shortages due to the Nankai...
This study investigated the association between personality traits and food stockpiling for disasters in predicted high-risk areas of food shortages due to the Nankai Trough Earthquake. This survey was conducted between December 18 and 20, 2019, using a web-based questionnaire. The participants were 1,200 individuals registered with an online survey company. This study analyzed the association between the Big Five personality traits and food stockpiling status (n = 1192). The Big Five personality traits assess five basic dimensions of personality (i.e., extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness). To measure theses personality traits, we used the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J). The Mann-Whitney test and a multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that none of the Big Five personality traits were significantly associated with having or not having stockpile food. However, interestingly, considering the stages of behavior change regarding stockpiling, high extraversion was significantly positively related to initiating stockpiling. Moreover, high neuroticism was significantly positively related to interrupted stockpiling. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on personality traits (especially low extraversion and high neuroticism) to promote food stockpiling for disasters.
Topics: Adult; Disasters; Female; Food; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 34965274
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259253 -
PloS One 2022Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the...
Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the acquired personality disorder, the hubris syndrome, which has been demonstrated to leave its mark on speech patterns. Our study explores characteristic language patterns of Hungarian prime ministers (PMs) with a special emphasis on one of the key indicators of hubris, the shift from the first person "I" to "we" in spontaneous speech. We analyzed the ratio of the first-person singular ("I") and plural ("we") pronouns and verbal inflections in the spontaneous parliamentary speeches of four Hungarian PMs between 1998-2018. We found that Viktor Orbán during his second premiership (2010-2014) used first person plural relative to singular inflections more often than the other three PMs during their terms. Orbán and another Hungarian PM, Ferenc Gyurcsány, who were re-elected at some point showed an increased ratio of first-person plural vs. singular inflections and personal pronouns by their second term, likely reflecting increasing hubristic tendencies. The results show that the ratio of "I" and "we" usually studied in English texts also show changes in a structurally different language, Hungarian. This finding suggests that it is extended periods of premiership that may increase hubristic behaviour in political leaders, not only experiencing excessive power. The results are particularly elucidating regarding the role of re-elections in political leaders' hubristic speech-and behaviour.
Topics: Humans; Hungary; Language; Self Concept; Speech; Syndrome
PubMed: 36001644
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273226 -
Brain and Behavior Sep 2019Despite the understanding of allostatic load (AL) as a consequence of ongoing adaptation to stress, studies of the stress-AL association generally focus on a narrow...
INTRODUCTION
Despite the understanding of allostatic load (AL) as a consequence of ongoing adaptation to stress, studies of the stress-AL association generally focus on a narrow conceptualization of stress and have thus far overlooked potential confounding by personality. The present study examined the cross-sectional association of objective and subjective stress with AL, controlling for Big Five personality traits.
METHODS
Participants comprised 5,512 members of the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank aged 49-63 years (69% men). AL was measured as a summary index of 14 biomarkers of the inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic system. Objective stress was assessed as self-reported major life events in adult life. Subjective stress was assessed as perceived stress within the past four weeks.
RESULTS
Both stress measures were positively associated with AL, with a slightly stronger association for objective stress. Adjusting for personality traits did not significantly change these associations.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest measures of objective and subjective stress to have independent predictive validity in the context of personality. Further, it is discussed how different operationalizations of stress and AL may account for some of the differences in observed stress-AL associations.
Topics: Allostasis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31448559
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1386 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Jul 2020With climate change and its consequences believed to be among the most vital challenges for humanity and the Earth's ecosystem, it is important to understand why... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
With climate change and its consequences believed to be among the most vital challenges for humanity and the Earth's ecosystem, it is important to understand why individuals do or do not adopt proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Personality traits are well suited for this purpose. Because no recent work has systematically combined the accumulating evidence on this topic, we aimed to meta-analyze the associations of the Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. A meta-analysis of 38 sources ( 44,993) implicated openness and honesty-humility as the strongest correlates of proenvironmental attitudes ( = .22 and .20) and behaviors ( = .21 and .25). Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and, to a lesser extent, extraversion were also associated with proenvironmental attitudes ( = .15, .12, and .09) and behaviors ( = .10, .11, and .10). Heterogeneity among effect sizes was partly explained by samples' gender ratio, age, and country of origin and by the personality model. -curve analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's tests indicated significant but sporadic and small publication bias. As a validity test, the meta-analytic associations collectively provided substantial predictive accuracy for proenvironmental attitudes ( = .44-.45) and behaviors ( = .28-.43) in independent holdout samples.
Topics: Attitude; Conservation of Natural Resources; Humans; Personality; Social Behavior
PubMed: 32384257
DOI: 10.1177/1745691620903019