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Scientific Reports Feb 2022Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common prodromic non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Only few studies have evaluated the personality of...
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common prodromic non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Only few studies have evaluated the personality of RBD patients with conflicting results. Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of Personality Disorders (PeDs)in RBD. RBD patients, PD patients and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All the enrolled subjects underwent a full neurological examination. Motor symptoms were evaluated with the UPDRS-Motor Examination. PeDs were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Twenty-nine RBD patients [14 men (48.3%); mean age 55.6 ± 11.1], 30 PD patients [17 men (56.7%); mean age 65.7 ± 10.7] and 30 HC [12 men (40%); mean age 65.7 ± 5.4] were enrolled in the study. PD patients had a disease duration of 4.5 ± 4.6 and presented a mean UPDRS-ME score of 26.7 ± 9.4. The most frequent PeDs was the Obsessive-Compulsive one (OCPeD); OCPeD was significantly more frequent in RBD (55.2%) patients than HC (13.3%; p-value < 0.001). No significant differences were found comparing the frequency of OCPeD in RBD patients to that in PD. In the present study, the prevalence of OCPeD in RBD patients was close to that reported in PD patients. Our data could suggest the existence of a common disease-specific RBD-PD personality profile.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Compulsive Personality Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Parkinson Disease; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35165341
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06424-z -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021In addition to social and environmental factors, individual personality traits have intricately linked with maladaptive behaviour. Thus, the purpose of this article was... (Review)
Review
In addition to social and environmental factors, individual personality traits have intricately linked with maladaptive behaviour. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review the link between individual personality traits and criminality. A systematic review was conducted to obtain information regarding the link between individual personality traits with criminal behaviour in the Sage, Web of Science, APA PsycNet, Wiley Online Library, and PubMed databases. The results indicate that individual personality traits that contribute towards criminality are (i) psychopathy; (ii) low self-control; and (iii) difficult temperament. As an overall impact, the review is expected to provide in-depth understanding of the link between individual personality traits and criminality; hence, greater consideration will be given to the dimension of personality as a notable risk factor of criminal behaviour.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Criminal Behavior; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 34444412
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168663 -
Psychopathology 2023Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating disease which frequently results in chronification and often originates in adolescence. Personality traits have been...
OBJECTIVE
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating disease which frequently results in chronification and often originates in adolescence. Personality traits have been associated with the onset and maintenance of AN; moreover, study results indicated a worse treatment outcome in patients with AN and comorbid personality disorder (PD). However, research on PD in adolescent AN is scarce.
METHODS
The sample consists of 73 female adolescent patients with AN. We investigated comorbid PD and AN symptom severity performing the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2).
RESULTS
Almost a third (27.4%) of all participants were diagnosed with comorbid PD. They had significantly higher EDI-2 total scores reflecting overall stronger symptom severity, as well as significantly higher scores in the subscales "ineffectiveness," "interpersonal distrust," "interoceptive awareness," "asceticism," "impulse regulation," and "social insecurity."
CONCLUSION
PD is an important and frequent comorbid condition in adolescent AN and should be addressed in diagnostic and treatment planning. Early diagnosis of comorbidity could have an impact on choosing specialized treatment for adolescents with AN and PD in order to enhance the outcome.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Anorexia Nervosa; Personality Disorders; Comorbidity; Personality; Treatment Outcome; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36450269
DOI: 10.1159/000527555 -
Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and... 2024Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian...
INTRODUCTION
Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used a random representative sample previously identified via standard stratification procedures. Thus, a final sample of 4507 participants were included (response rate 83.7%). Interviewees were thoroughly assessed on sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, including: exposures to threatening life events (TLEs), childhood abuse, personality disorder and traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, paranoia), global functioning, physical health and toxics consumption. SAD diagnosis was ascertained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both, pooled prevalences (with 95% confidence intervals) and risk correlates for SAD were estimated using binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95% CI=0.8-1.4). Having a SAD diagnosis was independently and significantly associated with younger age, poorer global functioning, higher neuroticism and paranoia personality traits, having suffered childhood abuse and exposure to previous TLEs. Furthermore, SAD was significantly associated with comorbid personality disorder, major depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
Among this large Andalusian population sample, the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had previously reported such a strong association with paranoia.
Topics: Humans; Phobia, Social; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Spain; Prevalence; Young Adult; Adolescent; Comorbidity; Aged; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 38720187
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.006 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2022ICD-11 introduces a new diagnosis of complex PTSD and a fundamentally new approach to personality disorders. The two diagnoses share substantial features including... (Review)
Review
ICD-11 introduces a new diagnosis of complex PTSD and a fundamentally new approach to personality disorders. The two diagnoses share substantial features including impairment of self and interpersonal functioning and emotional dysregulation. This review outlines the overlap and boundaries between ICD-11 definitions of Complex PTSD and Personality Disorder. A set of principles related to trauma, onset, emotion dysregulation, self and interpersonal functioning, and dissociative and psychotic-like states are put forward to guide practitioners.
Topics: Dissociative Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Personality Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35088694
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychopathology 2021This article describes the mereological constitution of contents in the intentional acts of people affected by borderline personality disorder (BPD) or emotionally... (Review)
Review
This article describes the mereological constitution of contents in the intentional acts of people affected by borderline personality disorder (BPD) or emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) in order to shed light on the origin of the emotional instability characterizing this disorder. The article will first discuss the emotional cycle of people affected by this disorder; second, it will focus on the mereological aspect of the meaning-making
1 experience in the intentional act; third, it will show how this meaning-making experience usually interacts with axiological2 qualities that affect the continuity of their sense of reality. From the investigation, it emerges that the mereological constitution of contents occurs in a way that is disruptive of the continuity of BPD/EUPDs' interaffective lifeworld as it generates intersubjective disturbances on the axiological, logical, and ontological levels. On this basis, as a concluding suggestion, the paper will propose an alternative way to approach the problem, soothe the disturbance, and encourage integration.Topics: Affective Symptoms; Borderline Personality Disorder; Emotions; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 34371504
DOI: 10.1159/000517932 -
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology Dec 2021According to the literature, avoidant personality disorder (APD) is often overlooked in research on personality disorders. In the present study, patients with APD were...
According to the literature, avoidant personality disorder (APD) is often overlooked in research on personality disorders. In the present study, patients with APD were compared to patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with respect to emotional dysfunction. Emotional dysfunction was operationalized through the Affect Integration Inventory. Sixty-one patients receiving treatment at specialized outpatient hospital facilities for either BPD (n = 25) or APD (n = 36) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition) were included in a cross-sectional study. Supporting our expectations of no difference in the global capacity for affect integration between groups, the estimated difference was 0.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.53, 0.53]). On the other hand, the expected increased dysfunction in APD regarding Expression could not be confirmed. Furthermore, problems with specific affects distinguished the groups; integration of Interest was worse in APD (p = 0.01), whereas integration of Jealousy was worse in BPD (p = 0.04). In terms of prototypical modes of experiencing affects, APD was characterized by decreased access to the motivational properties of Interest (p < 0.01), while BPD was more driven by Interest (p < 0.01), Anger (p < 0.01), and Jealousy (p = 0.01). In conclusion, even though the two disorders are characterized by similar overall levels of emotional dysfunction, they differ systematically and predictably regarding specific affects and modes of experiencing. These findings carry implications for the understanding of emotional dysfunction in APD and BPD, suggesting specific areas of emotional dysfunction that could be targeted in tailored psychotherapeutic interventions.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 34523729
DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12771 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2021Even though the borderline concept has historically been intertwined with psychosis, psychotic symptoms in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have long... (Review)
Review
Even though the borderline concept has historically been intertwined with psychosis, psychotic symptoms in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have long been marginalized as somehow not real, transient, or 'pseudo' in nature. Dispelling this myth, we summarize recent research indicating that (a) psychotic symptoms in general and auditory verbal hallucinations in particular in people with BPD show more similarities than differences with those symptoms in people with psychotic disorders, and (b) that the co-occurrence of BPD and psychotic symptoms is a marker of severe psychopathology and of risk for poor outcome (e.g. suicidality). We propose the period from puberty to the mid-20s, when both BPD and psychotic features usually emerge for the first time, constitutes a critical time window for early intervention to prevent the development of severe mental disorders in the future. Implications for the treatment of psychotic symptoms in BPD and future research directions in this field are discussed.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Hallucinations; Humans; Psychopathology; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 32771980
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.003 -
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Oct 2022Some individuals are more susceptible to recalling false information about events that never happened in their life. Nevertheless, there are several factors, such as...
INTRODUCTION
Some individuals are more susceptible to recalling false information about events that never happened in their life. Nevertheless, there are several factors, such as personality characteristics, that appear to be related to memory performance. Social anxiety also provokes memory deficits for events that happen to other people, because these individuals tend to focus on their own inner selves rather than on external signs.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of the personality characteristics of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) on memory performance.
METHODS
In this study, 183 university students had their memory tested using a complex emotional story about a mother and her son. Only subjects without clinical symptoms of depression and general anxiety (N = 148; 61 with SAD) were included in the study. Participants were compared for differences in personality characteristics using the Factorial Inventory of Personality and for SAD using the Social Phobia Inventory.
RESULTS
The main results showed that memory performance of individuals with low percentile ranks in the personality characteristic dominance, i.e., those with low self-esteem, remembered more true information about the story than those with high scores when they did not have SAD.
CONCLUSION
The results are helpful to foster better understanding of the personality characteristics related to SAD, such as low dominance, which implies low self-esteem and difficulties with trust and with imposing themselves on others. The results could help development and improvement of techniques for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Anxiety; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Phobia, Social; Students
PubMed: 34551240
DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0042 -
Psychopharmacology Aug 2019Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pervasive psychiatric disorder characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, impaired self-perceptions, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pervasive psychiatric disorder characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, impaired self-perceptions, and interpersonal relationships and currently affects 1-3% of the US population as reported by Torgersen et al. (Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:590-596, Torgersen et al. 2001), Lenzenweger et al. (Biol Psychiatry 62:553-564, Lenzenweger et al. 2007), and Tomko et al. (J Personal Disord 28:734-750, Tomko et al. 2014). One major obstacle to our understanding of the neural underpinnings of BPD is a lack of valid animal models that translate the key known features of the disorder to a system that is amenable to study.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the etiology, major symptoms, and symptom triggers of BPD and then propose a blueprint for building an animal model of BPD by choosing key components of the disorder that can be implemented in rodents.
RESULTS
We identify the role of early life stress and subsequent mild stress in adulthood as contributing etiological factors and the potential use of altered communication between frontal cortices and the amygdala in extinction and habituation, increased impulsivity, dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA), and increased neuroinflammation as biological markers of BPD. Building upon these features of BPD, we propose a two-hit animal model that uses maternal abandonment to alter maturation of the HPA axis and mild secondary adult stress to evoke behavioral symptoms such as increased impulsivity and impaired extinction, habituation, and social interactions.
CONCLUSION
Through exploration of the etiology, symptom presentation, and altered neurological function, we propose an animal model of BPD. We believe that a number of existing animal paradigms that model other mental health disorders should be combined in a unique way to reflect the etiology, symptom presentation, and altered neurological function that is evident in BPD. These model, when compared with available human data, will inform research and treatment in humans for better understanding of systems from the micro-molecular level to more global physiology underlying BPD.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Borderline Personality Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Emotions; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Impulsive Behavior; Interpersonal Relations; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress, Psychological; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31201478
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05289-x