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Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology :... Jul 2023As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present...
OBJECTIVE
As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present study investigated the influence of personality on disability, progression, and treatment adherence in MS.
METHOD
Personality was assessed in 41 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS (30 females; mean age = 42.63 years) using the NEO Personality Inventory-3rd edition. Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and treatment adherence information was collected from the Swiss MS Cohort. Correlation, multiple linear and partial least square regressions were performed to examine relations between personality, disability, and treatment adherence in MS.
RESULTS
After accounting for age and time since disease onset, our analysis revealed that Neuroticism (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and its Vulnerability facet (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) predicted greater disability, whereas Extraversion (β = -0.25, p = 0.04) and its Activity facet (β = -0.23, p < 0.05) predicted milder disability. Regarding disability progression, correlational analysis revealed that it was negatively correlated with Extraversion (r = -0.44, p = 0.02) and the Feelings facet of Openness (r = -0.41, p = 0.03), but regressions failed to highlight any predictive links. No significant results could be demonstrated for treatment adherence.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our study showed that some personality traits can impact disability in MS, indicating that these should be considered in clinical practice, as they could be used to adapt and improve patients' clinical support.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuropsychological Tests; Personality; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 36764662
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad010 -
Journal of Mother and Child Mar 2022This study aims to assess and compare personality disorders and psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) in mothers of children with ADHD and anxiety disorders...
BACKGROUND/AIM
This study aims to assess and compare personality disorders and psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) in mothers of children with ADHD and anxiety disorders aged 2-16 years living in Iran.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were 168 mothers (100 with children having ADHD and 68 with children having anxiety disorders). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used for assessing personality disorders, depression and anxiety in mothers. Collected data were analysed in SPSS software.
RESULTS
Of 168 mothers, only 100 completed the questionnaires completely (68 having children with ADHD and 32 with anxious children). Of 100 mothers, 61 had personality disorders, where 21 had children with anxiety disorders and 40 had children with ADHD. The most common personality disorder was depressive personality disorder (n = 27) followed by compulsive personality disorder (n = 15). No antisocial, borderline and paranoid personality disorders were observed in mothers. Based on DASS-21, 72 mothers had depression, and 84 had anxiety. Based on the SCL-90-R, 86 had depression, and 81 had anxiety. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups of mothers in terms of personality disorders, depression and anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and personality disorders in mothers of children with anxiety disorders and ADHD in Iran is high, and there is no difference between them. It is recommended that psychiatric and psychological counseling be provided for these mothers.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Depression; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Iran; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 36317794
DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00016 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Apr 2024Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct...
PURPOSE
Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults.
PROCEDURES
700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18-29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls.
MAIN FINDINGS
Patients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d > 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
This data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Impulsive Behavior; Personality Disorders; Mood Disorders; Trichotillomania; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 38184857
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2023Factitious disorder (FD) illnesses have increased recently, primarily due to comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Psychiatrists, hospital doctors, and...
BACKGROUND
Factitious disorder (FD) illnesses have increased recently, primarily due to comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Psychiatrists, hospital doctors, and general practitioners are interested in and concerned about patients with comorbid FD-BPD.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We used a qualitative analysis of prototypical narratives collected as vignettes by merging individual contributions, case histories, naturalistic observations, and data from mental health practitioners into specific descriptions. Our study used a phenomenological and narrative method to illustrate the contents and behaviours in FD-BPD comorbidity.
RESULTS
Fourteen case vignettes were created from our case studies. These categories included knowledge of symptoms and medical terms, dramatisation, symptoms ambiguity, unexplainable deterioration of symptoms, symptom inventiveness, craving for painkillers, conflicts with health carers, hospital migration, piling of medication and search for invasive diagnostic procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of narrative analysis and naturalistic observation has helped identify a unique comorbid condition of FD-BPD, which is not yet clearly described in its behavioural components by the international literature. The current study presents novel findings into a condition becoming progressively popular in psychiatric and medical settings.
Topics: Humans; Borderline Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Factitious Disorders
PubMed: 37060588
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2023.16 -
Current Psychiatry Reports May 2024Physical pain is an underrecognized area of dysregulation among those with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Disturbances are observed within the experience of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Physical pain is an underrecognized area of dysregulation among those with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Disturbances are observed within the experience of acute, chronic, and everyday physical pain experiences for people with BPD. We aimed to synthesize research findings on multiple areas of dysregulation in BPD in order to highlight potential mechanisms underlying the association between BPD and physical pain dysregulation.
RECENT FINDINGS
Potential biological mechanisms include altered neural responses to painful stimuli within cognitive-affective regions of the brain, as well as potentially low basal levels of endogenous opioids. Emotion dysregulation broadly mediates dysregulation of physical pain. Certain psychological experiences may attenuate acute physical pain, such as dissociation, whereas others, such as negative affect, may exacerbate it. Social challenges between patients with BPD and healthcare providers may hinder appropriate treatment of chronic pain. Dysregulated physical pain is common in BPD and important in shaping health outcomes including elevated BPD symptoms, chronic pain conditions, and risk for problematic substance use.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Humans; Chronic Pain; Acute Pain
PubMed: 38598062
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01498-0 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2022Major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive (MDD) or bipolar disorders (BD) are frequently complicated by features of borderline personality disorder (BPD)....
BACKGROUND
Major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive (MDD) or bipolar disorders (BD) are frequently complicated by features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Mixed features are a hallmark of BD and affective lability of BPD, and both may markedly influence illness course. However, direct comparisons of outcome of depression in MDD, BD, and BPD are scarce.
METHODS
In a cohort study based on stratified sampling, we diagnosed psychiatric MDE patients with SCID-I/P and SCID-II interviews and examined mixed symptoms using the Mix-MDE scale and borderline symptoms using the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index. During a six-month prospective follow-up, the MDE patients with MDD (n = 39), BD (n = 33), or BPD (n = 23) completed biweekly online assessments. Using life chart methodology, we divided the follow-up period into qualitatively different mood state periods. We investigated durations of mood episodes, times to first full symptomatic remission, and their predictors.
RESULTS
Remission rates were similar in MDD, MDE/BD, and MDE/BPD patients. MDE/BD patients experienced more numerous and shorter distinct mood state periods during follow-up than the others. MDE/BD was associated with shorter (HR = 2.44, 95 % CI = 1.27-4.67) and dimensionally assessed BPD severity with longer time to first remission (HR = 0.95, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.00).
LIMITATIONS
Moderate sample size and follow-up duration.
CONCLUSIONS
Course of illness over six months differs between the three depressive groups. Bipolar depressive patients have the most alternating course and the shortest time to first period of remission. Dimensionally assessed severity of BPD may predict longer time to remission from depression.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35985516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.030 -
Journal of Personality Disorders Oct 2019Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with violence toward self and others. This study aims to further identify which BPD criteria are independently...
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with violence toward self and others. This study aims to further identify which BPD criteria are independently related to violence, using data from National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III, which included a total of 36,309 U.S. respondents ages 18 and older ( = 4,301 for BPD; = 19,404 for subthreshold BPD). Multinomial logistic regression examined the associations between BPD criteria and violence categories, including suicide attempt (self-directed), violence toward others (other-directed), combined (self-/other-directed) violence, and no violence. In the total population, identity disturbance, impulsivity, and intense anger significantly characterized violence toward others, while avoidance of abandonment, self-mutilating behavior, feelings of emptiness, and intense anger significantly characterized violence toward self. These criteria (except identity disturbance) also significantly characterized combined self- and other-directed violence. Differential associations of the BPD criteria with violence among BPD and subthreshold BPD populations also are discussed.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Suicide, Attempted; Violence
PubMed: 30307827
DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_361 -
Brain and Behavior Dec 2021To examine the correlation between eating disorder (ED) symptoms and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in a sample of adolescents with eating disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the correlation between eating disorder (ED) symptoms and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in a sample of adolescents with eating disorders.
METHOD
There were 168 participants (M = 16.0 years; SD = 1.16) with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) or Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified-AN type. Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ) were used to assess ED symptoms and BPD traits.
RESULTS
A total of 10 participants (6.6%) scored above the clinical cut-off for a likely diagnosis of BPD. A positive correlation was observed between BPQ total score and EDE global (r = 0.64, p < .001). There were also positive correlations between the BPQ self-image and emptiness subscales and all EDE subscales. Similarly, the EDE eating concern subscale was correlated with all BPQ subscales.
DISCUSSION
Previous studies have demonstrated that some BPD traits (i.e., suicidality, impulsivity, anger) are co-morbid with ED but the link with other BPD traits has been poorly studied in adolescents and those with AN. These findings indicate that while the prevalence of BPD in adolescents with AN may be relatively low, ED symptom severity is closely related to severity of BPD traits, particularly identity disturbance and feelings of emptiness.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Borderline Personality Disorder; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34807527
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2443 -
Journal of Personality Disorders Oct 2021It is common for people with mental health problems to report feelings of emptiness. However, the association of subjective emptiness with specific disorders and its...
It is common for people with mental health problems to report feelings of emptiness. However, the association of subjective emptiness with specific disorders and its unique role within dimensional taxonomies of personality pathology is not well understood. The present study assesses the transdiagnostic value of subjective emptiness using a recently developed self-report measure in a mixed sample of 157 participants. The authors investigated the associations of emptiness with clinically relevant variables, including borderline personality disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Subjective emptiness showed strong positive relationships with all criteria. Regression models controlling for impairments of personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, and current symptom distress supported the incremental validity of emptiness for specific disorder constructs and suicidality. These findings indicate that emptiness represents a facet of psychopathology that can be particularly useful for the classification of mental disorders, and in particular internalizing disorders involving self-dysfunction and detachment.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Borderline Personality Disorder; Humans; Personality Disorders; Psychopathology; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 33661017
DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2021_35_510 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Feb 2020The aim of the paper is reviewing recent literature on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders (PDs) among older adults (≥ 60 years). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of the paper is reviewing recent literature on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders (PDs) among older adults (≥ 60 years).
RECENT FINDINGS
Since 2015, 12 primary empirical studies have been published addressing PDs in older adults; 3 addressing epidemiological aspects, 6 on assessment, 2 exploring both epidemiology and assessment, and 1 examining treatment. PD research in older adults is steadily growing and is predominantly focused on assessment. The studies showed that PDs were rather prevalent ranging from 10.6-14.5% in community-dwelling older adults, to 57.8% in nursing home-residing older adults. The Severity Indices of Personality Problems-Short Form, Gerontological Personality disorders Scale, and Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders turned out to be promising instruments for assessing PDs in later life. Furthermore, schema therapy seems to be a feasible and effective intervention. Despite promising findings, there is an urgent need for studies addressing PDs in older adults, especially studies investigating epidemiological aspects and treatment options. Furthermore, new areas of interest arise such as PDs in other settings, and behavioral counseling.
Topics: Aged; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Prevalence; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 32025914
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-1133-x