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World Neurosurgery Jul 2023High emotional instability (i.e., neuroticism) is associated with poor mental health. Conversely, traumatic experiences may increase neuroticism. Stressful experiences...
BACKGROUND
High emotional instability (i.e., neuroticism) is associated with poor mental health. Conversely, traumatic experiences may increase neuroticism. Stressful experiences such as complications are common in the surgical profession, with neurosurgeons being particularly affected. We compared the personality trait neuroticism between physicians in a prospective cross-sectional study.
METHODS
We used an online survey using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, an internationally validated measure of the 5-factor model of personality dimensions. It was distributed to board-certified physicians, residents, and medical students in several European countries and Canada (n = 5148). Multivariate linear regression was used to model differences between surgeons, nonsurgeons, and specialties with occasional surgical interventions with respect to neuroticism, adjusting for sex, age, age squared, and their interactions, then testing equality of parameters of adjusted predictions separately and jointly using Wald tests.
RESULTS
With an expected variability within disciplines, average levels of neuroticism are lower in surgeons than nonsurgeons, especially in the first part of their career. However, the course of neuroticism across age follows a quadratic pattern, that is, an increase after the initial decrease. The acceleration of neuroticism with age is specifically significant in surgeons. Levels of neuroticism are lowest towards mid-career, but exhibit a strong secondary increase towards the end of the surgeon's career. This pattern seems driven by neurosurgeons.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite initially lower levels of neuroticism, surgeons suffer a stronger increase of neuroticism together with age. Because, beyond well-being, neuroticism influences professional performance and health care systems costs, explanatory studies are mandatory to enlighten causes of this burden.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Surgeons; Neuroticism; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37028482
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.137 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Jun 2021According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss (HL) affects up to 15% of the world's adult population. Coping and personality are hypothesized to...
Importance of personality and coping expectancy on patient-reported hearing disability, quality of life and distress level: a study of patients referred to an audiology service.
PURPOSE
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss (HL) affects up to 15% of the world's adult population. Coping and personality are hypothesized to underlie quality of life (QoL) and distress scores. We aimed to study the importance of personality and coping in persons with HL for self-reported hearing disability, QoL, and distress.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was carried out, including one hundred and fifty-eight adults seeking hearing aids. Pure-tone average hearing thresholds (PTA) were determined for each ear. A revised version of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) served as a measure of self-reported hearing disability. Further, the generic part of the European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC) QoL questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (distress measure) were answered. Levels of neuroticism and the Theoretically Originated Measure of the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (TOMCATS) coping expectancy were determined.
RESULTS
Hearing disability was determined by PTA (better ear) and level of neuroticism. Distress and QoL were determined by neuroticism and coping.
CONCLUSION
More neuroticism was associated with worse outcome for the variables hearing disability, distress, and QoL. Helplessness and hopelessness were associated with worse hearing disability, increased distress, and lowered QoL. Patient reported hearing disability was also associated with PTA (better ear). There is a need to investigate further the associations between hearing disability and QoL to psychosocial parameters.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hearing Aids; Hearing Loss; Hearing Tests; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Norway; Personality Inventory; Psychological Distress; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34158058
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01802-z -
Assessment Jan 2020Two studies were conducted to investigate redundancy between the character strengths found in the VIA model of character and familiar personality facets. Study 1 used a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Two studies were conducted to investigate redundancy between the character strengths found in the VIA model of character and familiar personality facets. Study 1 used a community sample ( = 606) that completed a measure of character strengths, four personality inventories, and 17 criterion measures. The second study used Mechanical Turk workers ( = 498) who completed measures of the HEXACO and VIA models and 111 criterion variables. Analyses were conducted using both observed scores and true score estimates, evaluating both predictive and conceptual overlap. Eight of 24 VIA scales proved to be largely redundant with one HEXACO personality facet, but only one VIA scale (Appreciation of Beauty) was largely redundant with Five Factor facets. All strength scales except Spirituality overlapped substantially with at least one personality facet. The results suggest the VIA Classification variables are strongly related to commonly measured personality facets, but the two models are not redundant.
Topics: Adult; Character; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Personality; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 29073771
DOI: 10.1177/1073191117738047 -
PloS One 2020No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic...
BACKGROUND
No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings.
METHODS
Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers.
RESULTS
In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings.
DISCUSSION
Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020176830.
Topics: Consciousness; Early Detection of Cancer; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33370379
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244655 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this...
We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this study we analyzed two polymorphisms-rs1985242 and rs1062613-in the serotonin receptor gene in a group of e-cigarette users ( = 135) and controls ( = 106). Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The comparison of e-cigarette users with the control group indicates that the former showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale and lower scores on the scales of extraversion and conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI. Homozygote variants of rs1985242 were more frequent in the study group. The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA for e-cigarette users and the control group as well as interaction between the rs1985242 variants were found for the NEO-FFI conscientiousness scale. These results allow us to conclude that the combination of psychological factors and genetic data creates a possibility for making more complete models of substance use disorders.
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Personality; Personality Inventory; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Serotonin; Vaping
PubMed: 35457612
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084746 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021Aversive personality traits have been linked to risk-taking across various domains. Herein, we investigated whether the common core of aversive traits, the Dark Factor...
Aversive personality traits have been linked to risk-taking across various domains. Herein, we investigated whether the common core of aversive traits, the Dark Factor of Personality (D), is related to risk-taking. Whereas the conceptualizations of D (common core of aversive traits) and risk-taking (not inherently socially and/or ethically aversive) do not necessarily imply an association, several theoretical considerations do suggest a positive relation between the constructs. In three studies (overall = 689), we linked D to various self-report measures of risk-taking (Studies 1 and 2), as well as to a behavioral risk-taking task (Study 3). Overall, D was positively (although not always statistically significantly) related to self-reported risk-taking in terms of financial, health-related, and recreational risk-taking, fearlessness, novelty sensation seeking, intensity sensation seeking, and drug use. However, we did not find an association between D and behavioral risk-taking. Our findings provide insights into the relation between aversive personality and risk-taking, but also point to inconsistencies depending on the specific nature of risk-taking studied.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Risk-Taking; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34444149
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168400 -
BMC Medical Education May 2022Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the...
BACKGROUND
Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the education of medical students. The aim of this study was to analyse personality characteristics of empathy profiles among students of medicine, with consideration of chief personality factors and their subdimensions according to the FFM model.
METHODS
During workshops in Clinical Psychological Skills, 153 students (M = 57, F = 96; mean age 23 years) analysed their psychological functioning styles by examining their personality profiles and empathy indicators. Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (ESS) and Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were applied for this purpose. The analyses of empathy indicators were presented by means of cluster analysis. Variance analysis with post hoc Tukey-b test was performed for differences between clusters and to differentiate between personality factors and their components in empathy clusters. This study was approved by the Jagiellonian University Bioethics Committee (approval number: 1072.6120.175.2018 date: 28.06.2018).
RESULTS
The first cluster included students who presented high empathetic concern for others, understood their perspective and needs characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, high levels of other dimensions The second group included students who could understand others very well, yet with lower tendency to react emotionally to suffering, characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, high Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness. The third cluster included students who react strongly to painful and unpleasant reactions of others, characterised by high Neuroticism and Agreeableness, low Extraversion.
CONCLUSIONS
Each empathy profile is manifested in relations with patients in a specific way. Medical education in empathy holds great potential to reduce anxiety, stress, and burnout associated with the medical profession. Discussion of individual results with students, gives an opportunity to talk about how their empathy and personality characteristics may influence their everyday medical practice.
Topics: Adult; Empathy; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Personality Inventory; Students, Medical; Young Adult
PubMed: 35578223
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03432-5 -
Personality Disorders Jan 2022Individuals with personality disorders (PDs) have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population, which may be due to maladaptive health behaviors such as...
Individuals with personality disorders (PDs) have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population, which may be due to maladaptive health behaviors such as smoking. Previous studies have examined the links between categorical PD diagnoses/personality traits and smoking/nicotine dependence, but little is known about how the alternative model for personality disorders relates to smoking and nicotine dependence. The current study examined this question in a sample of 500 participants using the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale to assess general personality pathology, the Personality Inventory for the to measure specific traits, the Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence to assess nicotine dependence, and questions about current and past smoking to assess smoking status (i.e., current, former, never). Multinomial logistic regression results demonstrated that general personality pathology (Criterion A) was not related to smoking status, and there were no reliable associations between traits (Criterion B) and smoking status. However, correlations showed that higher negative affectivity and disinhibition were related to higher levels of nicotine dependence within smokers. Findings are discussed in regard to previous findings linking personality pathology to smoking/nicotine dependence as well as the general validity of this new personality disorder diagnostic system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 33705195
DOI: 10.1037/per0000487 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021The aim of the study is to describe personality profiles and determinants of success in sports in relation to the Big Five Personality Model. In order to achieve this...
The aim of the study is to describe personality profiles and determinants of success in sports in relation to the Big Five Personality Model. In order to achieve this aim, personality profiles of players from various sports disciplines was set against the personality profile of champions-players who are considerably successful in sports competitions. Subsequently, an attempt was made to determine which personality traits significantly determine belonging to the group of champions-and therefore determine success in sport. The participants were men aged between 20 and 29 from the Polish population of sportsmen. A total of 1260 athletes were tested, out of whom 118 were qualified to the champions sample-those athletes had significant sports achievements. The research used the NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire. Basic descriptive statistics, a series of Student's -tests for independent samples using the bootstrapping method, as well as a logistic regression model were performed. In relation to other athletes, champions were characterized by a lower level of neuroticism and a higher level of extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. An important personality determinant was neuroticism: the lower the level of neuroticism, the greater the probability of an athlete being classified as a champion. There are differences between champions and other athletes in all personality dimensions in terms of the Big Five. Based on the result of the research, it can be stated that personality differences should be seen as a consequence of athletes' success, rather than as a reason for athletes' success, based on their age between 20 and 29.
Topics: Adult; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Male; Men; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Young Adult
PubMed: 34200739
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126297 -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Jul 2022Psychobiological temperament and cognitive-evaluative character link to coping with chronic pain. The aim was to study possible independent role of temperament and...
OBJECTIVES
Psychobiological temperament and cognitive-evaluative character link to coping with chronic pain. The aim was to study possible independent role of temperament and character dimensions both in chronic and experimental pain in chronic post-surgical pain patients. This is a substudy of a previously published larger cohort of patients with intercostobrachial nerve injury after breast cancer surgery.
METHODS
We recruited 241 women who had been treated for breast cancer 4-9 years before. They had a surgeon-verified intercostobrachial nerve injury with or without chronic post-surgical neuropathic pain (CPSNP). The patients filled in the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and underwent the cold pressor test (CPT).
RESULTS
201 (83%) patients reported chronic pain and 135 (56%) met the criteria for CPSNP. Patients with CPSNP showed higher levels of Harm Avoidance (HA) temperament than non-CPSNP patients, which was associated with lower cold pain tolerance and greater increase of pain intensity during CPT. HA subscales Fear of Uncertainty and Fatigability contributed to a stronger pain experience. For character dimensions, CPSNP patients reported higher levels of Self-Transcendence (ST) and lower levels of Self-Directedness (SD) and Cooperativeness (CO) than non-CPSNP patients. Cold pain tolerance, intensity, or unpleasantness did not associate with character dimensions.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychobiological temperament, but not character, is independently from other psychological factors associated with primary pain processing in an experimental pain setting. Patients with and without CPSNP showed different profiles on both temperament and character dimensions suggesting a combination of heightened emotional vulnerability and lowered personality adaptability in CPSNP patients. Character dimensions associated with clinical but not experimental pain.
ETHICAL COMMITTEE NUMBER
The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (reference number: 149/13/03/00/14).
TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER
The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02487524).
Topics: Chronic Pain; Female; Humans; Neuralgia; Pain, Postoperative; Personality Inventory; Temperament
PubMed: 35139264
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0163