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Scientific Reports Jul 2022In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities...
In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model's predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the "Predictive Five" (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.
Topics: Humans; Intelligence; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35879357
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16108-3 -
Personality mediates the association between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders.Scientific Reports May 2022This study aimed to examine the association between conduct problems and mood disorders, and to evaluate the mediating roles of personality traits in it. Adult...
This study aimed to examine the association between conduct problems and mood disorders, and to evaluate the mediating roles of personality traits in it. Adult participants (N = 309), for which patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), and controls without major psychiatric history were recruited. Juvenile conduct problem was defined by the items in Composite International Diagnosis Interview. We assessed personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple mediation model was performed to investigate the intervening effect of personality traits between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders. Participants had on average 2.7 symptoms of conduct problems, and 43.4% had conduct problems. Having more symptoms of conduct problems was associated with a higher likelihood of BD (OR = 1.20). Higher neuroticism was associated with elevated risks of both MDD and BD. There was no direct effect of binary conduct problems on the risk of BD, and showed significant total indirect effect mediated by neuroticism for BD (OR = 1.49; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.10-2.05), but not through extraversion. Conduct problems defined as a continuous variable had a direct effect on the risk of adult MDD (OR = 1.36; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.05-1.76), while had an indirect effect on the risk of BD via the mediation of neuroticism (OR = 1.08; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.02-1.14). Neuroticism mediates between the association of juvenile conduct problems and adult BD. This finding raises our attention to assess personality traits in individuals with juvenile conduct problems for timely intervention strategies of reducing the vulnerability for developing mood disorders.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Mood Disorders; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 35614306
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12939-2 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Jul 2021Personality is the description of an individual's tendencies when acting or reacting to others. Clinicians spontaneously form impressions of a patient's apparent... (Review)
Review
Personality is the description of an individual's tendencies when acting or reacting to others. Clinicians spontaneously form impressions of a patient's apparent personality yet such unstructured impressions might lead to snap judgments or unhelpful labels. Here we review the evidence-based five-factor model from psychology science for understanding personalities (OCEAN taxonomy). Openness to experience is defined as the general appreciation for a variety of experiences. Conscientiousness is the tendency to exhibit self-discipline. Extraversion is the degree of engagement with the external world. Agreeableness is the general concern for social harmony. Neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative emotions. An awareness of these five dimensions might help clinicians avoid faulty judgments from casual contact. Expert assessment of personality requires extensive training and data, thereby suggesting that clinicians should take a humble view of their own unsophisticated impressions of a patient's personality.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33506393
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06598-8 -
Intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders: Mediation via youth personality.Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical... Jul 2022Youth personality is hypothesized to mediate the intergenerational transmission of internalizing disorders. However, this has rarely been examined. We tested whether the...
Youth personality is hypothesized to mediate the intergenerational transmission of internalizing disorders. However, this has rarely been examined. We tested whether the intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders is mediated by youth neuroticism and extraversion, and how parent personality influenced these relationships. Participants included 550 adolescent girls, aged 13-15 years at baseline (T1), and a coparticipating biological parent. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed by interview at T1, and adolescents were reinterviewed every 9 months for 3 years (T2-T5). Parent and youth personality was assessed at T1. Four path models examined direct and indirect effects of parent psychopathology and personality (neuroticism and extraversion) on youth outcomes, with youth neuroticism and extraversion as mediators in separate models. In the model examining the effects of parent psychopathology via T1 youth neuroticism, there were direct effects of parent depression on T2-T5 youth depressive disorders and indirect effects of parent anxiety disorders on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders. When parent neuroticism was added, indirect effects of T1 parent anxiety disorders and neuroticism on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders via T1 youth neuroticism were significant. In the model examining T1 youth extraversion as a mediator, there were significant direct effects of parent depressive and anxiety disorders on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. Finally, when adding parent extraversion, indirect effects of parent extraversion on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders via youth extraversion were significant. Parent and youth personality play important roles in the intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 35653755
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000759 -
Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Jun 2022This secondary analysis of the Self-Match Study explores whether personality traits affect the treatment outcome for alcohol use disorders (AUD). We designed the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
This secondary analysis of the Self-Match Study explores whether personality traits affect the treatment outcome for alcohol use disorders (AUD). We designed the Self-Match Study to investigate whether clients choosing between treatment options improves treatment outcomes. The primary outcome report revealed no difference in the outcome, whether treatment allocation was based on clinician matching or self-matching. Because willingness to choose, choice of treatment method, and compliance with treatment may be related to personality, this exploratory sub-study investigated the influence of personality traits on treatment outcome.
METHOD
We enrolled 402 consecutive clients (female 46.7%, mean age 47.4) seeking treatment at the outpatient alcohol treatment center in Odense, Denmark. Clients were randomized to treatment by expert-match or self-matching. Data on alcohol consumption (Timeline Follow Back), personality traits (NEO-FFI-3), and retention in care were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Outcomes were compliance, sensible drinking (alcohol intake below National Recommendations), and the number of heavy drinking days at follow-up.
RESULTS
A high neuroticism score was negatively associated with treatment completion. Further, clients with a high score on neuroticism, openness, and extraversion, or a low score on conscientiousness were less likely to reduce their drinking to a sensible level at follow-up. We also found that low scores on conscientiousness were associated with having more heavy drinking days at follow-up. The personality traits neuroticism and openness were associated with treatment preferences.
CONCLUSIONS
Personality traits influence 6 months drinking outcomes for people receiving AUD treatment.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Inventory; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35429046
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14841 -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Feb 2022Sense of coherence (SOC) represents coping and can be considered an essential component of mental health. SOC correlates with mental health and personality, but the...
PURPOSE
Sense of coherence (SOC) represents coping and can be considered an essential component of mental health. SOC correlates with mental health and personality, but the background of these associations is poorly understood. We analyzed the role of genetic factors behind the associations of SOC with mental health, self-esteem and personality using genetic twin modeling and polygenic scores (PGS).
METHODS
Information on SOC (13-item Orientation of Life Questionnaire), four mental health indicators, self-esteem and personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory Questionnaire) was collected from 1295 Finnish twins at 20-27 years of age.
RESULTS
In men and women, SOC correlated negatively with depression, alexithymia, schizotypal personality and overall mental health problems and positively with self-esteem. For personality factors, neuroticism was associated with weaker SOC and extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with stronger SOC. All these psychological traits were influenced by genetic factors with heritability estimates ranging from 19 to 66%. Genetic and environmental factors explained these associations, but the genetic correlations were generally stronger. The PGS of major depressive disorder was associated with weaker, and the PGS of general risk tolerance with stronger SOC in men, whereas in women the PGS of subjective well-being was associated with stronger SOC and the PGSs of depression and neuroticism with weaker SOC.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of genetic variation in SOC is shared with mental health, self-esteem and personality indicators. This suggests that the correlations between these traits reflect a common neurobiological background rather than merely the influence of external stressors.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Genetic Background; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Personality; Personality Inventory; Sense of Coherence
PubMed: 34009445
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02098-6 -
Journal of Abnormal Psychology Aug 2021Over the past two decades, interest in the relationship between personality and psychopathology has resurged. However, the clinical problem of adult separation anxiety...
Over the past two decades, interest in the relationship between personality and psychopathology has resurged. However, the clinical problem of adult separation anxiety (ASA) has been largely excluded from this endeavor due to the age-of-onset criterion in older editions of the DSM that prohibited first-onset diagnoses in adulthood. This study tests relationships between ASA symptoms and higher- and lower-order personality traits in a community sample of 565 women. It accounts for systematic error by utilizing informant report, two personality inventories, and data from two time points over three years, and by adjusting for mood state. It also tests longitudinal ASA-personality models. Results indicate that ASA is robustly associated with negative emotionality and its facet of stress reaction, as well as with aggression, alienation, and absorption to somewhat lesser degrees. These relationships are not due to overlap with other traits (except in the case of alienation), or mood-state biases, and they are verified by informants. Moreover, negative temperament predicts greater levels of ASA three years later, adjusting for baseline ASA. Neither positive emotionality or temperament, nor positive emotionality's lower-order scales, were uniquely related to ASA in multitrait models, whereas relationships between ASA and disinhibition and constraint were inconsistent. These findings lay the groundwork for future research testing the mechanisms and causal links between these personality traits and ASA and may help clinicians anticipate traits that are associated with ASA in order to tailor treatments to patients' personalities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety, Separation; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Temperament
PubMed: 34553957
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000682 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023To identify the most common personality traits among pediatric dentists in India.
AIM
To identify the most common personality traits among pediatric dentists in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Big Five personality test (BFPT). It included 50 questions based on five personality traits-extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. The questionnaire was e-mailed and also sent through WhatsApp messages as a Google Form to all the pediatric dentists in India. Scoring for each trait was done based on the specific formula provided. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS
A total of 390 pediatric dentists responded and filled out the questionnaire. The agreeableness trait was the most commonly exhibited trait, followed by the conscientiousness trait. Emotional stability was the least exhibited trait. Emotional stability was statistically different between male and female pediatric dentists.
CONCLUSION
Agreeableness and emotional stability were the most and least expressed traits, respectively, among the participants. This survey showed that pediatric dentists in India could have a high tolerance and competent behavior.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dentists may possess unique personality traits that distinguish them from the general population. Within the dental profession, there could be variations in personality traits depending on the specialty they practice.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Asokan S, PR G, Dhanabalan O, Assessment of Personality Traits Among Pediatric Dentists in India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):489-493.
PubMed: 37496943
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2603 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020Dispositional personality characteristics may play a role in psychosocial adjustment to any disease, including cancer.
UNLABELLED
Dispositional personality characteristics may play a role in psychosocial adjustment to any disease, including cancer.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify personality profiles in breast cancer patients and to determine whether these profiles are associated with psychological adjustment or psychopathology.
METHODS
Participants were 109 women (mean age, 52.01) diagnosed with breast cancer. They completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scales.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed two different personality profiles: (a) one group, comprising 38.23% of the sample, was characterized by paranoid, negativistic, and dependent personality traits and was considered as a "vulnerable group"; and (b) another group (61.77%) was characterized by compulsive, histrionic, and narcissistic personality traits and was considered as a "psychologically adjusted group". The vulnerable group scored higher than the psychologically adjusted group on all clinical syndromes, with scores above 60 on the anxiety, somatoform, dysthymic, and bipolar scales (score on anxiety being above 75); in contrast, the psychologically adjusted group did not reach a base rate score of 60 on any of the clinical syndromes, showing no manifestations of psychopathology. Additionally, the vulnerable group scored lower than the psychologically adjusted group on optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect, but higher on negative affect.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that personality traits could affect the psychological adjustment of breast cancer survivors. We discuss the implications of belonging to each group and highlight the importance of early identification of vulnerable women in order to facilitate clinical and psychological support.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Breast Neoplasms; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33348619
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249452 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2021Anaesthesia and intensive care units are specific workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of the sense of self-efficacy and the intensification...
INTRODUCTION
Anaesthesia and intensive care units are specific workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of the sense of self-efficacy and the intensification of personality traits in a group of nurse anaesthetists and to develop a regression model explaining the sense of self-efficacy.
METHOD
The population of the questionnaire survey included nurse anaesthetists from five hospitals in south-eastern Poland. The NEO-FFI was used in assessing their personality traits. The general self-efficacy scale was employed for the self-efficacy assessment. A total of 143 correctly filled surveys were analyzed.
RESULTS
The respondents typically perceived their own self-efficacy level as upper moderate. The nurse anaesthetists participating in the study revealed a tendency to high scores in conscientiousness and extraversion, and low scores related to neuroticism. The persons characterized by high conscientiousness, extraversion and openness to experience revealed a tendency to high scores related to the sense of self-efficacy. The relationship between personality traits and experiencing the nuisance of selected stressful job factors was demonstrated. Regression analysis showed that conscientiousness and extraversion are most closely related to the sense of self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
It seems to be beneficial to implement occupational consulting for nurses, who are starting their work or/and taking into consideration working in anesthesiology and intensive care units. The importance of personality traits and self- efficacy in relation with well-being of medical personnel needs deeper investigations.
Topics: Humans; Nurse Anesthetists; Personality; Personality Inventory; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34501972
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179381