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Plastic Surgery (Oakville, Ont.) Feb 2023Patients presenting with total body surface area (TBSA) >40% burns require significant surgical treatment. Two substantial challenges during these surgeries are...
Patients presenting with total body surface area (TBSA) >40% burns require significant surgical treatment. Two substantial challenges during these surgeries are limiting blood loss and maintaining core temperatures. To overcome these challenges, several techniques have been developed, ranging from the Pitkin syringe method to the pneumatic tourniquet strategy for large-volume hyperthermic insufflation. Here, we compare the pneumatic tourniquet method to a roller pump method for maintenance of intraoperative normothermia and control of bleeding. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 20 patients presenting with TBSA >40% burns, 10 of whom were treated with the rapid infusion roller pump and 10 of whom were treated with the pneumatic tourniquet technique. Patients from each group were controlled for % TBSA, presence of inhalation injury, age, and date of admission. We reviewed transfusion requirement and the intraoperative temperatures, as well as the average intraoperative drop in temperature. We observed improvement in the infusion volume, operative time, intraoperative temperature drop, minimum intraoperative temperature, estimated blood loss, and amount of required transfusion. Our study suggests that the rapid infusion roller pump technique is capable of achieving superior intraoperative bleeding control and temperature maintenance compared to the pneumatic tourniquet technique, resulting in decreased transfusion requirement.
PubMed: 36755828
DOI: 10.1177/22925503211024744 -
Heliyon Jan 2021Five different galenics were analyzed and compared concerning tissue breathability and gas exchange with the environment after an application period of 6 h on pig ear...
PURPOSE
Five different galenics were analyzed and compared concerning tissue breathability and gas exchange with the environment after an application period of 6 h on pig ear skin. Aim was to find the most suitable galenics for efficient moist treatment for everyday injuries (abrasions, lacerations and cuts) without influencing the transepidermal water loss.
METHODS
A quantity of 0.1 g of the different test preparations was applied once topically to an area of 2 cm. The analysis of the breathability was performed by TEWL (transepidermal water loss) measurements in the first hour after product application. The moisture retention effect was assessed by corneometry in the first 5 h after product application.
RESULTS
The hydrogel preparations showed a higher breathability in contrast to a semi-occlusive ointment and petrolatum. The same applies to the moisture penetration of the skin. Here, all hydrogel formulations showed the highest tissue hydration. After 3 h an additional increase in moisture was observed for the areas treated with Tyrosur® CareExpert Wound Gel and the ointment.
CONCLUSION
In contrast to petrolatum and the semi-occlusive ointment, treatment with the hydrogels led to a preservation of the breathability and good moistening of the tissue, which is due to the galenics of the gels consisting of water, carbomer and propylene glycol. The increase in moisture after 3 h in areas treated with Tyrosur® CareExpert Wound Gel and the semi-occlusive ointment indicates a sustained moisturizing effect mediated by dexpanthenol.
PubMed: 33553748
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06071 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2019Natural ester, as a new environmentally green insulating oil, has been widely used in transformer. In an oil-immersed transformer, the normal aging, thermal failure, and...
Natural ester, as a new environmentally green insulating oil, has been widely used in transformer. In an oil-immersed transformer, the normal aging, thermal failure, and discharge failure could easily lead to the decomposition of the oil-paper insulation system and produce different kinds of gases. Studying gas dissolution in natural ester and mineral oil could provide assistance in applying criteria to make a diagnosis of different kinds of faults in the transformer. In this paper, the molecular dynamics method was used to investigate the diffusion behavior of seven fault characteristic gases (including H, CO, CH, CH, CO, CH, CH) in natural ester and mineral oil. The simulation parameters of free volume, interaction energy, mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficient were compared between the natural ester and mineral oil. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature on the diffusion of gas molecules in two kinds of oils was also analyzed. Results showed that the free volume, the interaction energy, and the relative molecular mass of gas molecules were the factors influenced by the diffusion of gas molecules in natural ester and mineral oil. The order of the diffusion coefficients of gas molecules in natural ester was as follows: H > CH > CO > CH > CH > CO > CH and that in mineral oil was as follows: H > CH > CO> CH > C H > CH > CO. By comparing the diffusion behavior of gas molecules in natural ester and mineral oil, it was found that the smaller free volume and higher interaction energy of gas molecules in natural ester were the major reasons for the gas molecules to be more difficult to diffuse in natural ester. The rising temperature could enhance the free volume and reduce the interaction energy between gas molecules and oil. The diffusion coefficient of gas molecules increased exponentially with the follow of temperature. However, the temperature didn't affect the ordering of diffusion coefficient, free volume, and interaction energy of gas molecules in natural ester and mineral oil.
Topics: Diffusion; Esters; Gases; Mineral Oil; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 31817467
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244463 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Persulfate is an oxidizing agent used for multiple purposes, including bleaching hair, bleaching flour, and as pool/spa water disinfectant.
BACKGROUND
Persulfate is an oxidizing agent used for multiple purposes, including bleaching hair, bleaching flour, and as pool/spa water disinfectant.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients allergic to ammonium persulfate (APS) among patients who underwent patch testing in our clinic.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review of 2138 patients who underwent patch testing at Brigham and Women's hospital in Boston between July 2015 to November 2019. All patients were tested to our standard series including APS 2.5% petrolatum. Given the irritant nature of APS, we included for analysis only patients with 2+ or 3+ reactions.
RESULTS
Among 2138 patients, 61 (2.85%) had 2+ or 3+ reactions to APS. In this study, 72% were female. 75% had an atopic diathesis; 56% had 2+ reactions, and 44% had 3+ reactions. Clinical relevance was definite in 11%, probable in 10%, and unknown/possible in 79%. In patients with definite clinical relevance, 6/7 had occupational allergic contact dermatitis: 4 hairdressers, 1 hair salon cleaner, and 1 aquarium worker; 1/7 was bleaching her hair.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of 2+ or 3+ APS reactions in this single-center study was higher than that reported by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2015-2016, (0.75% vs. 2.85% in our study). APS is an important occupational allergen, and clinicians should be aware of this when treating patients with exposure to APS.
PubMed: 35283527
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_71_21 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2022Mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAHs) include mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and are considered a potential health risk. Current methods address the total...
Mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAHs) include mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and are considered a potential health risk. Current methods address the total MOAH content but cannot address the actual toxicological hazard of individual components. This work presents a combined methodology closing those gaps: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to determine the MOAH content. To characterize present substance classes, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied. Preparative HPLC separated MOAHs into subgroups, which were tested with a miniaturized Ames test evaluating DNA reactivity of isolated fractions. Combining these methods allowed a correlation between present subgroups and DNA reactivity. The developed approach was applied to a mineral oil and distinguished between not DNA-reactive mono- and diaromatics and DNA-reactive tri- and polyaromatics, providing a proof of concept. Hereinafter, it will be applied to diverse sample matrices including mineral oils, food, and food contact materials.
Topics: Mineral Oil; Food Contamination; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Flame Ionization
PubMed: 36524957
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05970 -
Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand... 2023Flap necrosis on random pattern skin flaps continues to be a challenge. In this study, we evaluated whether topical application of a vasodilator substance (the...
Flap necrosis on random pattern skin flaps continues to be a challenge. In this study, we evaluated whether topical application of a vasodilator substance (the prostaglandin PGI analogue, Iloprost, in cream form) as pre-treatment, would increase blood flow and improve flap viability. Wistar rats randomly allocated into four groups with 7 rats per group and two flaps 4cm × 2cm in the same rat i.e. 56 flaps were developed. Flaps on the wright side received pre-treatment with Cream in different drug concentrations, 2.5μgr/gr, 5 μgr/gr, and 10μgr/gr and 20 μgr/gr containing the active factor Iloprost ZK 36,374(M. W 360.5) prepared with white petrolatum as a base. Flaps on the left side received placebo cream (white petrolatum). After 10 days of flap pre-treatment, evaluation of blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were recorded, then flap elevation and re suturing back were performed. After 7 days we estimated flap viability on digital imaging and the percentages of flap survival estimated. Means and standard deviations were used to describe blood flow measurements and survival percentages. The significance was set at 0.05 in all cases and the analysis were carried out with the use of the SPSS v23.0. Furthermore, we performed dynamic analyses of circulation using the radioisotope 99mTc which confirmed hyperaemia of the treated areas relative to that observed in control areas. These findings demonstrated that pretreatment of skin flaps with Iloprost cream for 10 days prior to elevation increased blood flow in the flap and improved their overall survival rate.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Rats, Wistar; Iloprost; Surgical Flaps; Vasodilator Agents; Petrolatum; Graft Survival; Necrosis
PubMed: 35195490
DOI: 10.1080/2000656X.2022.2039679 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022The current study was directed to investigate the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch...
PURPOSE
The current study was directed to investigate the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this study we used 40 Syrian male hamsters, five weeks old, were divided into 4 groups (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) of 10 animals in each as follows, GI: Topical application of liquid paraffin alone (thrice a week for 14 weeks), GII: Topical application of 7, 12 dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) alone (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks), GIII: Topical application of DMBA (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks) + Oral administration of DHA (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks on alternative days of DMBA application), GIV: Oral administration of DHA alone (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks).
RESULTS
Gross observations and histopathological findings revealed that, in GI: normal stratified squamous epithelium, in GII: well and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in GIII: variable results ranges from hyperkeratosis, hyperkeratosis and focal hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and well differentiated SCC with superficial invasion of tumor cells not extended to deeper areas, while in GIV: normal similar to GI. Immunohistochemical results indicated that oral DHA treatment to DMBA treated hamsters restored the normal expression of bcl-2.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicated that DHA has the potential to be a dietary chemopreventive agent due to its capacity to improve carcinogen detoxification and to block/suppress the initiation and promotion stages of experimentally produced HBP carcinogenesis.
Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cricetinae; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mesocricetus; Mineral Oil; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Water
PubMed: 35443225
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100558 -
Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of... Dec 2021Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), an acute-phase protein produced during acute liver injury, plays an important role in the innate immune response against bacterial infection via iron... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), an acute-phase protein produced during acute liver injury, plays an important role in the innate immune response against bacterial infection via iron scavenging. LCN2 further influences neutrophil development and physiology leading to increased inflammatory responses. We investigated the roles of LCN2 in chronic inflammation and fibrosis, using repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in mineral-oil injection. Surprisingly, mice treated with the mineral oil vehicle alone showed liver inflammation, evidenced by neutrophil and monocyte-macrophage infiltration. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of isolated liver leukocytes showed significantly high CD45 leukocyte concentrations in CCl mice, but no difference of Ly6G neutrophils between mineral oil and CCl application. Liver CD11b F4/80 cells counted higher in CCl mice, but the proportions of Gr1, an indicator of inflammation, were significantly higher in mineral oil groups. Liver myeloperoxidase (MPO), expressed in neutrophils and monocytes, showed higher levels in wild type mice compared to Lcn2 in both mineral-oil and CCl treated groups. Hepatic and serum LCN2 levels were remarkably higher in the mineral oil-injected wild type group compared to the CCl. Wild type animals receiving mineral oil showed significantly higher inflammatory cytokine- and chemokine mRNA levels compared to Lcn2 mice, with no differences in the CCl treated groups. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) confirmed significant downregulation of gene sets involved in myeloid cell activation and immune responses in Lcn2 null mice receiving chronic mineral oil versus wild-type. We observed significant upregulation of gene sets and proteins involved in cell cycle DNA replication, with downregulation of collagen-containing extracellular matrix genes in Lcn2 mice receiving CCl compared to the wild type. Consequently, the wild type mice developed slightly more liver fibrosis compared to Lcn2 mice, evidenced by higher levels of collagen type I in the CCl groups and no liver fibrosis in mineral oil-treated mice. Our findings indicate that serum and hepatic LCN2 levels correlate with hepatic inflammation rather than fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Collagen Type I; Female; Lipocalin-2; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mineral Oil; Neutrophil Infiltration; Mice
PubMed: 34518636
DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00672-9 -
Allergologie Select 2024Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative... (Review)
Review
Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative allergen. Therefore, patch testing is of utmost importance in occupational dermatology, not only in terms of assessing causal relationships but also regarding the implementation of prevention measures and evaluation of the legal criteria for an occupational skin disease in Germany (statutory occupational disease BK 5101). The lack of commercial patch test preparations poses a great diagnostic challenge. Patch testing of patient's own materials from their workplace is therefore very important to reduce diagnostic gaps. The performance and documentation of the patch test should be in line with current guidelines and recommendations to ensure the necessary test quality and comprehensibility of the test results.
PubMed: 38756208
DOI: 10.5414/ALX2483E -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Adjuvants are essential for vaccine development, especially subunit-based vaccines such as those containing recombinant proteins. Increasing the knowledge of the immune...
Adjuvants are essential for vaccine development, especially subunit-based vaccines such as those containing recombinant proteins. Increasing the knowledge of the immune response mechanisms generated by adjuvants should facilitate the formulation of vaccines in the future. The present work describes the immune phenotypes induced by Poly (I:C) and Montanide ISA 720 in the context of mice immunization with a recombinant protein based on the circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) sequence. Mice immunized with the recombinant protein plus Montanide ISA 720 showed an overall more robust humoral response, inducing antibodies with greater avidity to the antigen. A general trend for mixed Th1/Th2 inflammatory cytokine profile was increased in Montanide-adjuvanted mice, while a balanced profile was observed in Poly (I:C)-adjuvanted mice. Montanide ISA 720 induced a gene signature in B lymphocytes characteristic of heme biosynthesis, suggesting increased differentiation to Plasma Cells. On the other hand, Poly (I:C) provoked more perturbations in T cell transcriptome. These results extend the understanding of the modulation of specific immune responses induced by different classes of adjuvants, and could support the optimization of subunit-based vaccines.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Immune System; Immunity; Mice; Mineral Oil; Poly I-C; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 35844531
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910022