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Nature Communications Mar 2022A randomized, double-blind, controlled vaccine clinical trial was conducted to assess, as the primary outcome, the safety and protective efficacy of the Plasmodium vivax... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized, double-blind, controlled vaccine clinical trial was conducted to assess, as the primary outcome, the safety and protective efficacy of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein in healthy malaria-naïve (phase IIa) and semi-immune (phase IIb) volunteers. Participants (n = 35) were randomly selected from a larger group (n = 121) and further divided into naïve (n = 17) and semi-immune (n = 18) groups and were immunized at months 0, 2, and 6 with PvCS formulated in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant or placebo (adjuvant alone). Specific antibodies and IFN-γ responses to PvCS were determined as secondary outcome; all experimental volunteers developed specific IgG and IFN-γ. Three months after the last immunization, all participants were subjected to controlled human malaria infection. All naive controls became infected and drastic parasitemia reduction, including sterile protection, developed in several experimental volunteers in phase IIa (6/11) (54%, 95% CI 0.25-0.84) and phase IIb (7/11) (64%, 95% CI 0.35-0.92). However, no difference in parasitemia was observed between the phase IIb experimental and control subgroups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates significant protection in both naïve and semi-immune volunteers, encouraging further PvCS vaccine clinical development. Trial registration number NCT02083068. This trial was funded by Colciencias (grant 529-2009), NHLBI (grant RHL086488 A), and MVDC/CIV Foundation (grant 2014-1206).
Topics: Antibodies, Protozoan; Humans; Malaria; Malaria Vaccines; Mineral Oil; Parasitemia; Plasmodium vivax; Protozoan Proteins; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 35338131
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29226-3 -
Wound Management & Prevention May 2020Treating postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promising results.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Compared to Petrolatum Gauze and a Bogota Bag to Manage Postoperative Midline Abdominal Wound Dehiscence: A Pilot, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.
UNLABELLED
Treating postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promising results.
PURPOSE
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NPWT for fascial closure/cutaneous cover compared to non-NPWT treatment using petrolatum gauze and a Bogota bag in patients with postoperative laparotomy wound dehiscence.
METHODS
A single center, prospective, nonrandomized pilot study was conducted. Using convenience sampling methods, consecutive patients on 6 different surgical units who were at least 18 years of age and who developed postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following elective and emergency laparotomy from January 2017 to December 2018 were recruited. NPWT dressing with polyvinyl white foam sponge or loosely packed, saline-soaked petrolatum gauze followed by Bogota bag application were used and compared. Baseline patient demographics and history were collected, and patients were followed for an average of 6 months after surgery. Number of days until first signs of granulation tissue appearance, time until complete granulation tissue cover/fascial surgical closure, and hospital discharge were compared. Categorical variables (gender, comorbidities, presence or absence of stoma, exposure to prior radiotherapy) were expressed as proportions and analyzed using chi-squared test or Fischer's exact test. Continuous variables such as age, body mass index, albumin, postoperative hospital stay, and number of days required for decision for fascial closure were expressed as Mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using an independent t test or Mann Whitney U test based on whether the data followed normal distribution. Postoperative day of wound dehiscence, the number of days for the appearance of granulation tissue, and the number of NPWT placements required also were assessed using Mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using an independent t test. A P value <.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Sixty (60) patients were included, but 4 in NPWT group and 10 in the non-NPWT group could not complete the study, leaving 26 patients in NPWT group and 20 patients in non-NPWT group. Demographic and surgical variables were not significantly different. Patients in both groups achieved complete wound coverage by surgical closure or healing by secondary intention. Days until first signs of granulation tissue (2.92 vs. 6.65; P <.001), number of days until fascial closure (15.50 vs. 29.50; P <.001), and length of postoperative hospital stay (24.30 vs. 37.90; P <.001) were significantly less in NPWT group. Two (2) patients (7.6%) in the NPWT developed a fistula during the 6-month follow-up period. No fistulas developed in the control group, and no intra-abdominal abscesses, ventral hernias, or wound dehiscence were reported in either group.
CONCLUSION
Time until first signs of granulation tissue appearance and complete granulation tissue coverage was significantly shorter in the NPWT group, but time until definitive closure was not evaluated. Randomized, controlled clinical studies to compare definitive time to wound closure and long-term follow up to evaluate long-term complication rates, including the risk of developing fistulas, are warranted.
Topics: Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques; Adult; Bandages; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Petrolatum; Pilot Projects; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 32401733
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oleo Science Aug 2023Raw materials suitable for a sustainable society have attracted interest in the cosmetics industry. We focused on rice bran as a sustainable material and evaluated the...
Raw materials suitable for a sustainable society have attracted interest in the cosmetics industry. We focused on rice bran as a sustainable material and evaluated the gelation behavior of paraffin extracted from rice bran (rice paraffin) against liquid paraffin, squalane, jojoba oil, and silicone oil. In addition, the frictional properties of the prepared organogel on an artificial skin surface were evaluated using a sinusoidal motion friction evaluation system. Rice paraffin solidified all oils even at the lowest wax concentration of 5 wt%. The hardness and kinetic friction coefficient μ increased with an increase in the wax composition. The hardness and μ of organogels solidified with rice paraffin were smaller than those of gels solidified with petroleum-derived paraffin. These differences are caused by the smaller carbon amount of rice paraffin. The friction parameters depended on the type of oil: the μ of RLG composed of rice and liquid paraffin was greater than that of the other three oils (R, L, and G denote rice paraffin, liquid paraffin, and gel, respectively). These findings promote the development of lipsticks and cleansing gels consisting of sustainable development goal-responsive raw materials.
Topics: Paraffin; Oryza; Mineral Oil; Friction; Oils; Gels; Rice Bran Oil
PubMed: 37468272
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23023 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2020While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exert a breakthrough effect, the incidence of skin disorders as a side effect has...
Minocycline prevents and repairs the skin disorder associated with afatinib, one of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer.
BACKGROUND
While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exert a breakthrough effect, the incidence of skin disorders as a side effect has significantly reduced patients' quality of life. This study aimed to develop a treatment for inflammatory ulcers as one of the side effects of afatinib (Giotrif®), a second-generation EGFR-TKI, and established a skin disorder mouse model to investigate the protective effect of minocycline.
METHODS
First, under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane, the back of a male ddy mouse was shaved, and afatinib petrolatum was applied alone or in combination with minocycline to observe the state of the skin and measure transepidermal water transpiration (TEWL). Next, afatinib was administered orally to mice, and minocycline petrolatum was applied to observe whether the skin disorder was prevented and its effect on repair of the skin disorder.
RESULTS
Skin injury occurred on the back of the mouse following afatinib (1 mg/g in petrolatum) application, and scab formation was observed. Application of minocycline prevented and improved the skin disorder caused by afatinib. When the minocycline-petrolatum mixture was applied to the mouse that developed the skin disorder, a significant improvement in TEWL was observed, and skin repair was observed macroscopically.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that minocycline petrolatum applied locally prevents and repairs afatinib-induced skin disorders of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Histological examination of skin has provided insights into the mechanism of the occurrence of afatinib-related skin disorder and suggested the efficacy of minocycline topical application in clinical practice.
Topics: Afatinib; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Disease Models, Animal; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Minocycline; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Quality of Life; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32252690
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06797-2 -
Journal of Current Ophthalmology 2020To compare the effectiveness of onion extract, topical steroid, and petrolatum emollient in the prevention of scars in cases who underwent bilateral upper eyelid...
PURPOSE
To compare the effectiveness of onion extract, topical steroid, and petrolatum emollient in the prevention of scars in cases who underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty.
METHODS
A prospective, interventional, comparative, double-blinded case series was designed on cases who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. After suture removal (1 week following the surgery), the eyelids of participants were randomly allocated into the three groups: The first group used onion extract on the right eyelids ( = 18), and the second group used topical steroid on the right eyelids ( = 19). In the third group, the control group, petrolatum emollient was used on the left eyelids ( = 37) of the first and second group's cases. They used drugs for 2 months and were evaluated by the Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) objectively by two graders who were blinded to the type of medication. MSS evaluates five different characteristics of the scar in addition to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). These characteristics include color, distortion, contour, texture, and transparency. VAS scores the overall scar appearance which ranged among 0-10. The sum of the scores for the five different parameters, and VAS was calculated, analyzed, and compared among the groups.
RESULTS
A total of 37 cases (74 eyelids) who underwent bilateral upper blepharoplasty were included. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 51.94 ± 9.26 years, 49.40 ± 9.37 years, and 47.00 ± 9.06 years in the onion extract, topical steroid, and petrolatum emollient groups, respectively ( = 0.275). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean ± SD of the sum of the MSS scores among the three groups ( = 0.924) or between the onion extract and topical steroid groups ( = 0.951). Furthermore, the color, distortion, contour, texture, transparency, and VAS scores were not statistically significantly different among the three groups or between the onion extract and topical steroid groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
There were no significant differences among these three groups of drugs regarding the appearance of the upper blepharoplasty scar.
PubMed: 33553845
DOI: 10.4103/JOCO.JOCO_39_20 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible...
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has the effect to protect skin from ultraviolet B (UVB) induced damages, but it is unstable under ambient conditions, being susceptible to become brown in color. Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), an epimer counterpart of EGCG, is more stable chemically than EGCG. The potential effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin damages has not been available. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GCG against UVB-induced skin photodamages. GCG was topically applied on the skin of hairless mice at three dosage levels (LL, 12.5 mg/mL; ML 25 mg/mL; HL, 50 mg/mL), with EGCG and a commercially available baby sunscreen lotion SPF50 PA as control. The mice were then irradiated by UVB (fluence rate 1.7 µmol/m s) for 45 min. The treatments were carried out once a day for 6 consecutive days. Skin measurements and histological studies were performed at the end of experiment. The results show that GCG treatments at ML and HL levels inhibited the increase in levels of skin oil and pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation, and improved the skin elasticity and collagen fibers. GCG at ML and HL levels inhibited the formation of melanosomes and aberrations in mitochondria of UVB-irradiated skin in hairless mice. It is concluded that GCG protected skin from UVB-induced photodamages by improving skin elasticity and collagen fibers, and inhibiting aberrations in mitochondria and formation of melanosomes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Catechin; Female; Male; Melanosomes; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitochondria; Petrolatum; Radiation Dosage; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35079059
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05305-9 -
JBRA Assisted Reproduction Mar 2023The objective of our study was to compare the osmolality in sequential and single step culture media, used for in vitro human embryo culture, covered with mineral oil... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to compare the osmolality in sequential and single step culture media, used for in vitro human embryo culture, covered with mineral oil and paraffin, in dry and humid incubators.
METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study. A total of 120 Petri dishes, with 960 droplets of culture media, were evaluated. Each dish was prepared with 4 droplets of single step medium and sequential medium. Sixty dishes were covered with mineral oil and 60 with paraffin oil. Half were incubated in a dry incubator and half in a humid. Osmolality was measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7. ANOVA test was performed for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Osmolality results for single step and sequential medium, that were covered with both mineral and paraffin oil and placed in the dry incubator, significantly increased throughout the study time (D7>D5>D3). In the humid incubator, the results were similar for all periods. Osmolality was significantly lower in humid incubator, in all periods, when droplets were covered with both oils. When both culture media were placed in the humid incubator, no variation was detected, using both oils. However, when single step medium was placed in the dry incubator, covered with mineral oil, we observed a higher osmolality than the covered with paraffin oil.
CONCLUSIONS
TWe can conclude that humid incubator is better for maintaining osmolality and paraffin oil protect single step media from evaporation in dry incubator.
Topics: Humans; Mineral Oil; Embryo Culture Techniques; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Oils; Osmolar Concentration; Culture Media; Fertilization in Vitro
PubMed: 35389044
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210123 -
Poultry Science Nov 2019The nanostructure greatly contributes to eggshell formation, the mechanical properties of eggshells, and mineral dissolution during incubation. In this study, to...
The nanostructure greatly contributes to eggshell formation, the mechanical properties of eggshells, and mineral dissolution during incubation. In this study, to investigate the effect of the nanostructure on the gloss of eggs, the gloss and eggshell quality (cuticle coverage, color, and thickness) of 105 eggs were measured. According to the order of the gloss, the surface roughness of 30 high-gloss and 30 low-gloss eggs was compared. The gloss had no significant correlation with the eggshell color and thickness (P > 0.05) and a significant relationship with the cuticle coverage (r = 0.19, P < 0.01). The surface roughness significantly differed between the high- and low-gloss eggs (P < 0.001), and the gloss was negatively correlated with the surface roughness (r(high-group) = -0.61, r(low-group) = -0.56, P < 0.01). The shell gloss of 30 oiled eggs with mineral oil and 30 normal eggs from commercial brown-egg layers was also compared. The oil coating increased the eggshell gloss, but the roughness was unchanged. This is the first report to establish the contribution of nanostructure for the gloss of chicken eggshell. The surface roughness can be used as an indicator of the gloss, which could be helpful for selective breeding to improve the eggshell brightness. Our research also provides the foundation for further investigation of the effect of non-pigmentary contributors on the chicken eggshell appearance.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Color; Egg Shell; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mineral Oil; Pigmentation
PubMed: 31222300
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez329 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2021Our aim was to determine the surface free energy (SFE) of semi-solid dosage forms (SSDFs) by establishing a reproducible method for measuring the contact angle of...
Our aim was to determine the surface free energy (SFE) of semi-solid dosage forms (SSDFs) by establishing a reproducible method for measuring the contact angle of liquids to SSDFs. Four SSDFs were used: petrolatum, an oil/water (O/W) and a water/oil (W/O) cream, and an alcohol-based gel. The SSDFs were evenly spread on a glass slide, and the change in contact angle over time was measured by dropping water, glycerol, diiodomethane and n-hexadecane as the test liquids. Depending on the combination of test liquid and SSDF, the contact angle was either constant or decreased in an exponential manner. Contact angles may have decreased in an exponential manner because the reaction between the test liquid and the SSDF altered the interfacial tension between the two phases and changed the surface tension of the test liquid and the SFE of the SSDF. The contact angle of the test liquid to the SSDF could be determined reproducibly using the initial contact angle immediately after dropping the liquid on the SSDF as the contact angle before reaction. Using the obtained contact angles and the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble equation, we calculated the SFE and its component for the SSDFs tested and found that the results reflect the physicochemical properties of SSDFs. Furthermore, the work of adhesion (W) of the SSDF to Yucatan micropig skin was calculated using the SFE for the SSDFs. Interestingly, the W values for all SSDFs tested were comparable.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Drug Compounding; Glycerol; Humans; Petrolatum; Phase Transition; Skin; Surface Tension; Swine; Thermodynamics; Wettability
PubMed: 34719590
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00537 -
Toxicology Reports 2020Rats were exposed 3 times a week during 6 weeks to repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate solution in water (Pb) and/or benzo(а)pyrene solution in...
Rats were exposed 3 times a week during 6 weeks to repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate solution in water (Pb) and/or benzo(а)pyrene solution in petrolatum oil (B(а)P) in various dose ratios. Towards the end of the period, the animals developed a moderate subchronic intoxication having some features characteristic of lead effects. The type of combined toxicity estimated with the help of isoboles constructed by the Response Surface Methodology was found to be varied depending on a particular effect, its level, and dose ratio. However, Pb and B(a)P in combination often displayed an additive or even superadditive action. In the group exposed to this combination compared with the group of rats exposed to B(a)P alone, its concentration in the organism was increased while the concentration of some B(a)P oxidative metabolism products was reduced. Such inhibition of B(a)P biotransformation, assumingly associated with impaired heme and, thus, cytochrome P450 synthesis induced by lead intoxication, can serve as an explanation for certain enhancement of the genotoxic effect of B(a)P. This effect was not present in the same combined intoxication if a complex of antitoxic bioprotectors was being administered in the background.
PubMed: 32874921
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.004