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Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jan 2020In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and... (Review)
Review
In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light-activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side-effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
Topics: Coordination Complexes; Humans; Metals; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31310436
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905171 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem monitored by many centers, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Atherosclerosis is one aspect that significantly influences the development and management of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the therapeutic methods used for various types of inflammatory, cancerous and non-cancer diseases. Currently, it is not practiced very often in the field of cardiology. It is most often practiced and tested experimentally under in vitro experimental conditions. In clinical practice, the use of PDT is still rare. The aim of this review was to characterize the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the most frequently used photosensitizers in cardiology are summarized.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Photosensitizing Agents; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38474220
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052974 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Sep 2022Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and... (Review)
Review
Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and photothermal, whereby photosensitizer irradiation generates reactive oxygen species or heat, respectively, to disrupt the cancer microenvironment. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are prominent phototherapeutics due to their desirable optical properties and structural versatility. Targeting of Pc photosensitizers historically relied on the enhanced permeation and retention effect, but the weak specificity engendered by this approach has hindered bench-to-clinic translation. To improve specificity, antibody and peptide active-targeting groups have been employed to some effect. An alternative targeting method exploits the binding of anticancer drugs to direct the photosensitizer close to essential cellular components, allowing for precise, synergistic phototherapy. This Perspective explores the use of Pc-drug conjugates as targeted anticancer phototherapeutic systems with examples of Pc-platin, Pc-kinase, and Pc-anthracycline conjugates discussed in detail.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Indoles; Isoindoles; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36018269
DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02040h -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Nanocarriers have been widely studied and applied in the field of cancer treatment. However, conventional nanocarriers still suffer from complicated preparation... (Review)
Review
Nanocarriers have been widely studied and applied in the field of cancer treatment. However, conventional nanocarriers still suffer from complicated preparation processes, low drug loading, and potential toxicity of carriers themselves. To tackle the hindrance, carrier-free nanodrugs with biological activity have received increasing attention in cancer therapy. Extensive efforts have been made to exploit new self-assembly methods and mechanisms to expand the scope of carrier-free nanodrugs with enhanced therapeutic performance. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress and applications of carrier-free nanodrugs based on different types of assembly mechanisms and strategies, which involved noncovalent interactions, a combination of covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions, and metal ions-coordinated self-assembly. These carrier-free nanodrugs are introduced in detail according to their assembly and antitumor applications. Finally, the prospects and existing challenges of carrier-free nanodrugs in future development and clinical application are discussed. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide new insights into the rational design of more effective carrier-free nanodrug systems and advancing clinical cancer and other diseases (e.g., bacterial infections) infection treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Drug Carriers; Photochemotherapy; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37894544
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207065 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Oct 2022Phototheranostics stem from the recent advances in nanomedicines and bioimaging to diagnose and treat human diseases. Since tumors' diversity, heterogeneity, and... (Review)
Review
Phototheranostics stem from the recent advances in nanomedicines and bioimaging to diagnose and treat human diseases. Since tumors' diversity, heterogeneity, and instability limit the clinical application of traditional diagnostics and therapeutics, phototheranostics, which combine light-induced therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in a single platform, have been widely investigated. Numerous efforts have been made to develop phototheranostics for efficient light-induced antitumor therapeutics with minimal side effects. Herein, we review the fundamentals of phototheranostic nanomedicines with their biomedical applications. Furthermore, the progress of near-infrared fluorescence imaging and cancer treatments, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, along with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, are summarized. This review also discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the clinical translation of phototheranostics in pan-cancer research. Phototheranostics can pave the way for future research, improve the quality of life, and prolong cancer patients' survival times.
Topics: Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging; Photochemotherapy; Quality of Life; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 35944585
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114483 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024Acne is an inflammatory cutaneous disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit and hair follicles on the face, neck, back, and chest, with a typical onset in adolescence...
Acne is an inflammatory cutaneous disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit and hair follicles on the face, neck, back, and chest, with a typical onset in adolescence and, in some cases, persisting into adulthood. Systemic treatments with antibiotics or isotretinoin present many limitations, like antimicrobial resistance phenomena and teratogenicity, which appear more relevant in the pediatric population, both for the treatment-related risks and for the reticence of the parents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has already shown encouraging results in the treatment of acne in adult patients, with good aesthetic results compared to other therapies and few side effects. However, its use is still not standardized in the pediatric population. On this topic, we report our experience with PDT in a young patient affected by dorsal acne. After five sessions of ALA-PDT at monthly intervals, a remarkable improvement of the lesions was observed, with the healing of the inflamed nodules and pustules, resolution of the painful symptoms, and an acceptable cosmetic outcome. Our case is paradigmatic of the potentiality of PDT to treat difficult and resistant-to-treatment lesions. Despite being time-consuming, this procedure has been demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated. Lastly, the therapy is also well accepted by parents, due to its minimal invasiveness and mild side effects, compared to the other therapeutic options.
Topics: Child; Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Aminolevulinic Acid; Photochemotherapy; Administration, Cutaneous; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37951327
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103893 -
British Journal of Cancer Sep 2020Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising...
Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising photo-efficacy for superficial and internal tumours. The dual application of light and photochemotherapeutic agents allows accurate cancer targeting, low invasiveness and novel mechanisms of action. Current advances in new light sources and photoactive agents are encouraging for future development.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 32587359
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0926-3 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Phototheranostics that concurrently integrates accurate diagnosis (e.g., fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging) and in situ therapy (e.g., photodynamic therapy... (Review)
Review
Phototheranostics that concurrently integrates accurate diagnosis (e.g., fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging) and in situ therapy (e.g., photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT)) into one platform represents an attractive approach for accelerating personalized and precision medicine. The second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) has attracted considerable attention from both the scientific community and clinical doctors for improved penetration depth and excellent spatial resolution. NIR-II agents with a PDT property as well as other functions are recently emerging as a powerful tool for boosting the phototheranostic outcome. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances of photodynamic NIR-II aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) for biomedical applications. The molecular design strategies for tuning the electronic bandgaps and photophysical energy transformation processes are discussed. We also highlight the biomedical applications, such as image-guided therapy of both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors, and multifunctional theranostics in combination with other treatment methods, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy; and the precise treatment of both tumor and bacterial infection. This review aims to provide guidance for PDT agents with long-wavelength emissions to improve the imaging precision and treatment efficacy. We hope it will provide a comprehensive understanding about the chemical structure-photophysical property-biomedical application relationship of NIR-II luminogens.
Topics: Fluorescence; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Precision Medicine; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 36235186
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196649 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Dec 2021With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery... (Review)
Review
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
Topics: Communicable Diseases; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 34740763
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties... (Review)
Review
Bimetallic nanomaterials (BMNs) composed of two different metal elements have certain mixing patterns and geometric structures, and they often have superior properties than monometallic nanomaterials. Bimetallic-based nanomaterials have been widely investigated and extensively used in many biomedical fields especially cancer therapy because of their unique morphology and structure, special physicochemical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and synergistic effect. However, most reviews focused on the application of BMNs in cancer diagnoses (sensing, and imaging) and rarely mentioned the application of the treatment of cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the recent progress of BNMs as therapeutic agents. We first introduce and discuss the synthesis methods, intrinsic properties (size, morphology, and structure), and optical and catalytic properties relevant to cancer therapy. Then, we highlight the application of BMNs in cancer therapy (e.g., drug/gene delivery, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, enzyme-mediated tumor therapy, and multifunctional synergistic therapy). Finally, we put forward insights for the forthcoming in order to make more comprehensive use of BMNs and improve the medical system of cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Nanostructures; Diagnostic Imaging
PubMed: 36557846
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248712