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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, behind only cardiovascular diseases, and is one of the most serious diseases threatening human health nowadays.... (Review)
Review
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, behind only cardiovascular diseases, and is one of the most serious diseases threatening human health nowadays. Cancer patients' lives are being extended by the use of contemporary medical technologies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments are not always effective in extending cancer patients' lives. Simultaneously, these approaches are often accompanied with a series of negative consequences, such as the occurrence of adverse effects and an increased risk of relapse. As a result, the development of a novel cancer-eradication strategy is still required. The emergence of nanomedicine as a promising technology brings a new avenue for the circumvention of limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in particular, have garnered extensive attention due to their many specific advantages, including customizable size and shape, multiple and useful physicochemical properties, and ease of functionalization. Based on these characteristics, many therapeutic and diagnostic applications of AuNPs have been exploited, particularly for malignant tumors, such as drug and nucleic acid delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and X-ray-based computed tomography imaging. To leverage the potential of AuNPs, these applications demand a comprehensive and in-depth overview. As a result, we discussed current achievements in AuNPs in anticancer applications in a more methodical manner in this review. Also addressed in depth are the present status of clinical trials, as well as the difficulties that may be encountered when translating some basic findings into the clinic, in order to serve as a reference for future studies.
Topics: Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanomedicine; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 35571258
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S355142 -
Biomolecules Jul 2021Nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapeutics is a fast developing field and has been utilized in potential clinical applications. However, most effective therapies, such as... (Review)
Review
Nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapeutics is a fast developing field and has been utilized in potential clinical applications. However, most effective therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radio therapy (RT), are strongly oxygen-dependent, which hinders their practical applications. Later on, several strategies were developed to overcome tumor hypoxia, such as oxygen carrier nanomaterials and oxygen generated nanomaterials. Among these, oxygen species generation on nanozymes, especially catalase (CAT) mimetic nanozymes, convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO) to oxygen (O) and peroxidase (POD) mimetic nanozymes converts endogenous HO to water (HO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment is a fascinating approach. The present review provides a detailed examination of past, present and future perspectives of POD mimetic nanozymes for effective oxygen-dependent cancer phototherapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Biomimetic Materials; Humans; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Peroxidase; Photochemotherapy; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34356639
DOI: 10.3390/biom11071015 -
Drug Delivery and Translational Research Aug 2021The importance of detection and treatments of infectious diseases has been stressed to the world by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a substitution of an external light... (Review)
Review
The importance of detection and treatments of infectious diseases has been stressed to the world by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a substitution of an external light source, self-luminescent therapeutics featuring in situ light emission aims to address the lack of tissue penetration in conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). Luminol-based self-luminescent systems are successfully incorporated in PDT and detection of pathogens in infectious diseases. In these systems, luminol/hydrogen peroxide is served as luminescence source which can be activated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As a supplement strategy to the HRP-based bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) provided an electric-driven therapeutic solution and demonstrated potential capabilities of wearable healthcare devices with properly constructed transparent flexible hydrogels. Besides the diagnosis of infection and detection of bacteria, fungi and virus in solution or powder samples have been achieved by ATP-derived self-luminescence as the light source. In this inspirational note, we provide an overview on latest progress in the PDT and microbial detection by self-luminescent systems with an emphasis on the bioluminescence and ECL.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; COVID-19; Communicable Diseases; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Luminescence; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 33956324
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00989-4 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the...
Opportunistic infections are widely described in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, very few studies have addressed those affecting the oral cavity. Given the lack of information on the clinical presentations and the available treatment options, the present study aimed to show a case in which a combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) was used for the management of two concomitant COVID-19-associated opportunistic oral infections (oral pseudomembranous candidiasis and recurrent herpes labialis). Within 7 days and without any systemic drug administration, all the lesions resolved completely, and the patient no longer reported oral pain or discomfort. According to the current case report and taking into consideration the significant gaps in the knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, this combination of phototherapy modalities seems to be a promising tool for managing viral and fungal opportunistic oral infections.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34890781
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102678 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Nanotechnology-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy are emerging as exciting cancer therapeutic methods with significant potential for improving patient... (Review)
Review
Nanotechnology-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy are emerging as exciting cancer therapeutic methods with significant potential for improving patient outcomes. By combining these approaches, synergistic effects have been observed in preclinical studies, resulting in enhanced immune responses to cancer and the capacity to conquer the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite challenges such as addressing treatment limitations and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies, the integration of nanotechnology-enabled PDT and immunotherapy, along with advanced photosensitizers (PSs), represents an exciting new avenue in cancer treatment. Continued research, development, and collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory agencies are crucial for further advancements and the successful implementation of these promising therapies, ultimately benefiting cancer patients worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Nanotechnology; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37860012
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219785 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2021SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In this process protoporphyrin (PpIX) is released.
METHODS
The decrease in the hemoglobin levels observed in patients with Covid-19 is frequently accompanied by an increase in PpIX levels. This evidence was confirmed by the quantification of PpIX by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PpIX emission is observed in its two characteristic bands at approximately 635 nm and 705 nm.
RESULTS
This paper searches to understand the role of heme and PpIX inside the cells. Perspectives on the use of PpIX fluorescence as a sensor to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissue, blood, urine, or feces to map the evolution and severity of the disease or to monitor the response of the Covid-19 treatment modalities were described.
CONCLUSION
Fluorescence spectroscopy could be adopted as an excellent diagnostic technique for Covid-19, of low cost and high sensitivity. This method can potentially be used as a marker to monitor the response to the treatments. Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies using the endogenous PpIX increased in the acute phase of the disease, could be employed for Covid-19 treatment.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Protoporphyrins; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33965601
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102324 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022This literature review evaluates the mechanisms and efficacy of different types of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for treating peri-implantitis by reviewing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This literature review evaluates the mechanisms and efficacy of different types of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for treating peri-implantitis by reviewing existing experimental studies to provide guidance for the clinical application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in oral implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From February 2001 to February 2021, we have collected 152 randomized controlled trials of aPDT for peri-implantitis by searching the experimental studies and clinical trials published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases via online search. After screening the retrieved literature, we finally selected 10 statistically significant literature for evaluation and review.
RESULTS
Compared with the traditional nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis, the aPDT was superior to the traditional mechanical irrigation treatment group in terms of periodontal indexes PD, BOP, PLI, and postoperative effect, and the difference was statistically significant ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of the aPDT and other treatments shows the synergistic antibacterial effect, signifying better clinical effect in many aspects ( < 0.05). In these 10 papers, by comparing the probe depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), synosteosis, and periodontal pathogenic bacteria detection, etc., obtained after treating peri-implantitis by application of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and using the SPSS data analysis software for statistical data processing, we found that the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy combined with other periodontal treatments has a more prominent postoperative effect. Meanwhile, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy with targeted action of photosensitizer has strong specificity to some bacteria, while the synthetic photosensitize for antibacterial photodynamic therapy can show good inactivation effect on broad-spectrum periodontal anaerobes without side effect.
CONCLUSION
The experimental studies and clinical data of antibacterial photodynamic therapy for treating peri-implantitis show a good postoperative treatment effect. In addition, it did not develop resistance due to the use of antibiotic drugs. Owing to multiple advantages from combining antibacterial photodynamic therapy and other treatments, it is applicable for clinical treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Hemorrhage; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35602342
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3547398 -
Experimental Eye Research Oct 2020Ultraviolet A (UVA) light-based photoactivation of riboflavin (Rf) to induce corneal crosslinking (CXL) and mechanical stiffening is now a well-known treatment for... (Review)
Review
Ultraviolet A (UVA) light-based photoactivation of riboflavin (Rf) to induce corneal crosslinking (CXL) and mechanical stiffening is now a well-known treatment for corneal ectasia and Keratoconus that is being used in a topographically guided photorefractive intrastromal CXL (PiXL) procedure to treat low degrees of refractive errors. Alternative approaches for non-invasive treatment of refractive errors have also been proposed that use femtosecond lasers (FS) that provide much faster, more precise, and safer results than UVA CXL. One such treatment, nonlinear optical crosslinking (NLO CXL), has been able to replicate the effects of UVA CXL, while producing a smaller area of cellular damage and requiring a shorter procedure time. Unlike UVA CXL, the treatment volume of NLO CXL only occurs within the focal volume of the laser, which can be placed at any depth and scanned into any pattern for true topographically guided refractive correction. This review presents our experience with using FS lasers to photoactivate Rf and perform highly controlled corneal CXL that leads to mechanical stiffening and changes in corneal shape.
Topics: Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 32846150
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108199 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Sep 2021Although a vaccination campaign has been launched in many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic is not under control. The main concern is the emergence of new variants of...
Although a vaccination campaign has been launched in many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic is not under control. The main concern is the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is important to find approaches to prevent or reduce the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Currently, the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Considering the clinical effects that occur during the disease, attacking the human respiratory and hematopoietic systems, and the changes in biochemical parameters (including decreases in haemoglobin [Hb] levels and increases in serum ferritin), it is clear that iron metabolism is involved. SARS-CoV-2 induces haemolysis and interacts with Hb molecules via ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other receptors located on erythrocytes and/or blood cell precursors that produce dysfunctional Hb. A molecular docking study has reported a potential link between the virus and the beta chain of haemoglobin and attack on haem. Considering that haem is involved in miRNA processing by binding to the DGCR8-DROSHA complex, we hypothesised that the virus may check this mechanism and thwart the antiviral response.
Topics: COVID-19; Heme; Humans; MicroRNAs; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pandemics; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; RNA-Binding Proteins; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34119708
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102381 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics May 2020Guest Editors introduce the Special Section on Photodynamic Therapy for the Journal of Biomedical Optics, Volume 25, Issue 6.
Guest Editors introduce the Special Section on Photodynamic Therapy for the Journal of Biomedical Optics, Volume 25, Issue 6.
Topics: Optics and Photonics; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 32358929
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.25.6.063801