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Theranostics 2020In recent decade, palladium-based (Pd-based) nanomaterials have shown significant potential for biomedical applications because of their unique optical properties,... (Review)
Review
In recent decade, palladium-based (Pd-based) nanomaterials have shown significant potential for biomedical applications because of their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility and high stability in physiological environment. Compared with other intensively studied noble nanomaterials, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanomaterials, research on Pd-based nanomaterials started late, but the distinctive features, such as high photothermal conversion efficiency and high photothermal stability, have made them getting great attention in the field of nanomedicine. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical perspective on the recent progress of Pd-based nanomaterials as imaging contrast agents and therapeutic agents. The imaging section focuses on applications in photoacoustic (PA) imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, computed tomography (CT) imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. For treatment of cancer, single photothermal therapy (PTT) and PTT combined with other therapeutic modalities will be discussed. Finally, the safety concerns, forthcoming challenges and perspective of Pd-based nanomaterials on biomedical applications will be presented.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Palladium; Phototherapy
PubMed: 32929334
DOI: 10.7150/thno.45990 -
International Journal of Biological... 2021Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death, which accounts for approximately 10% of all new... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death, which accounts for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Surgery is the main method for treatment of early-stage CRC. However, it is not effective for most metastatic tumors, and new treatment and diagnosis strategies need to be developed. Photosensitizers (PSs) play an important role in the treatment of CRC. Phototherapy also has a broad prospect in the treatment of CRC because of its low invasiveness and low toxicity. However, most PSs are associated with limitations including poor solubility, poor selectivity and high toxicity. The application of nanomaterials in PSs has added many advantages, including increased solubility, bioavailability, targeting, stability and low toxicity. In this review, based on phototherapy, we discuss the characteristics and development progress of PSs, the targeting of PSs at organ, cell and molecular levels, and the current methods of optimizing PSs, especially the application of nanoparticles as carriers in CRC. We introduce the photosensitizer (PS) targeting process in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the damage mechanism of PDT, and the application of classic PS in CRC. The action process and damage mechanism of photothermal therapy (PTT) and the types of ablation agents. In addition, we present the imaging examination and the application of PDT / PTT in tumor, including (fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging) to provide the basis for the early diagnosis of CRC. Notably, single phototherapy has several limitations , especially for deep tumors. Here, we discuss the advantages of the combination therapy of PDT and PTT compared with the single therapy. At the same time, this review summarizes the clinical application of PS in CRC. Although a variety of nanomaterials are in the research and development stage, few of them are actually on the market, they will show great advantages in the treatment of CRC in the near future.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 33867852
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58773 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Traditional methods of tumor treatment such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have certain limitations, and their treatment effects are not... (Review)
Review
Traditional methods of tumor treatment such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have certain limitations, and their treatment effects are not always satisfactory. As a new tumor treatment method, photothermal therapy based on nanostructures has attracted the attention of researchers due to its characteristics of minimally invasive, low side effects, and inhibition of cancer metastasis. In recent years, there has been a variety of inorganic or organic nanostructures used in the field of photothermal tumor treatment, and they have shown great application prospects. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of nanomaterials/nanostructures as photothermal agents (PTAs) for photothermal therapy as well as their research progress are reviewed. For the sake of clarity, the recently reported nanomaterials/nanostructures for photothermal therapy of tumor are classified into five main categories, i.e., carbon nanostructures, noble metal nanostructures, transition metal sulfides, organic polymer, and other nanostructures. In addition, future perspectives or challenges in the related field are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Phototherapy; Hyperthermia, Induced; Transition Elements; Nanostructures
PubMed: 36615470
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010277 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022Photoactivation therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has been identified as a tumour ablation modality for numerous cancer... (Review)
Review
Photoactivation therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has been identified as a tumour ablation modality for numerous cancer indications, with photosensitisers and photothermal conversion agents playing important roles in the phototherapy process, especially in recent decades. In addition, the iteration of nanotechnology has strongly promoted the development of phototherapy in tumour treatment. PDT can increase the sensitivity of tumour cells to PTT by interfering with the tumour microenvironment, whereas the heat generated by PTT can increase blood flow, improve oxygen supply and enhance the PDT therapeutic effect. In addition, tumour cell debris generated by phototherapy can serve as tumour-associated antigens, evoking antitumor immune responses. In this review, the research progress of phototherapy, and its research effects in combination with immunotherapy on the treatment of tumours are mainly outlined, and issues that may need continued attention in the future are raised.
Topics: Humans; Photothermal Therapy; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Nanoparticles; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36540374
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S388996 -
Nature Reviews. Chemistry Nov 2021More than four decades have passed since the first example of a light-activated (caged) compound was described. In the intervening years, a large number of... (Review)
Review
More than four decades have passed since the first example of a light-activated (caged) compound was described. In the intervening years, a large number of light-responsive derivatives have been reported, several of which have found utility under a variety of in vitro conditions using cells and tissues. Light-triggered bioactivity furnishes spatial and temporal control, and offers the possibility of precision dosing and orthogonal communication with different biomolecules. These inherent attributes of light have been advocated as advantageous for the delivery and/or activation of drugs at diseased sites for a variety of indications. However, the tissue penetrance of light is profoundly wavelength-dependent. Only recently have phototherapeutics that are photoresponsive in the optical window of tissue (600-900 nm) been described. This Review highlights these recent discoveries, along with their limitations and clinical opportunities. In addition, we describe preliminary in vivo studies of prospective phototherapeutics, with an emphasis on the path that remains to be navigated in order to translate light-activated drugs into clinically useful therapeutics. Finally, the unique attributes of phototherapeutics is highlighted by discussing several potential disease applications.
Topics: Phototherapy
PubMed: 37117665
DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00326-w -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2023Cancer disease has outgrown a life-threatening disease. Having reference to preceding reports provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an estimated... (Review)
Review
Cancer disease has outgrown a life-threatening disease. Having reference to preceding reports provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an estimated 9.6 million deaths transpired from cancer worldwide in 2018. Similarly, about 18.1 million new cases of cancer are being reported. The rise in conventional treatments akin to surgeries, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies was enormously observed to eradicate cancer tumors. These studies have shown unfavorable side effects in clinical treatments. Drug resistivity and drug cytotoxicities are also major issues to overcome. Considering these, researchers are developing alternative methods that are robust, economical, and safe. The use of light for therapeutic purposes shows a great history in vitiligo treatment. The combination of an effective activating agent and phototherapy could result as the best alternative with a great outcome to minimize adverse effects on healthy tissues. The utilization of light in the deletion of tumors using photothermal agents, and photosensitizers, hence the phototherapies in oncology were discovered and rapidly involved in the advancement of clinical approach. Here, in this article, we tried to highlight the recent trends in phototherapy and reviewed different types of phototherapy methods in cancer treatments and their latest clinical, preclinical, and in vivo studies.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Neoplasms; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 37132029
DOI: 10.1177/15330338231170939 -
Biomolecular Concepts May 2022The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin...
The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin diseases. Since then, technical innovation and advancement in medical sciences have produced newer and more sophisticated solutions for light-emitting sources and their applications in medicine. Starting from a brief historical introduction, the concept of innovation in light sources is discussed and analysed, first from a technical point of view and then in the light of their fitness to improve existing therapeutic protocols or propose new ones. If it is true that a "pure" technical advancement is a good reason for innovation, only a sub-system of those advancements is innovative for phototherapy. To illustrate this concept, the most representative examples of innovative light sources are presented and discussed, both from a technical point of view and from the perspective of their diffusion and applications in the clinical field.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35607716
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0020 -
British Journal of Cancer Sep 2020Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising...
Oncological phototherapy, including current photodynamic therapy (PDT), developmental photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), shows promising photo-efficacy for superficial and internal tumours. The dual application of light and photochemotherapeutic agents allows accurate cancer targeting, low invasiveness and novel mechanisms of action. Current advances in new light sources and photoactive agents are encouraging for future development.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 32587359
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0926-3 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Nevus depigmentosus (ND) is one of the pigmentary conditions that is characterized by a hypopigmented patch with an irregular border. It is usually present at birth or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nevus depigmentosus (ND) is one of the pigmentary conditions that is characterized by a hypopigmented patch with an irregular border. It is usually present at birth or shortly after birth. It is not a progressive condition, but it may increase in size in proportion to the growth of the body. Despite many treatment modalities, there is no effective treatment for this condition.
OBJECTIVE
To review all articles about the treatment options for ND.
METHODS
Pubmed database were searched for this study, and relative clinical trials were included in the review. Descriptive findings, including age, gender, and treatment modality and response, were reported.
RESULTS
A total of 62 articles were identified, and 16 relevant articles were included in this review after screening and removing the duplicates.
CONCLUSION
In the literature, a limited number of treatment modalities have been employed for ND. Among these, surgical interventions and phototherapy have been the most commonly studied, but their efficacy has varied. Unfortunately, there is no definitive cure for ND, and recurrence of the lesion is not an uncommon occurrence even after complete clearance. Furthermore, there is a dearth of large-scale clinical studies that comprehensively analyze the different treatment modalities for ND.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Phototherapy; Databases, Factual; Nevus
PubMed: 37700698
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2258241 -
Journal of Optometry 2023To analyse the scientific evidence about the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy for producing changes in visual function. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To analyse the scientific evidence about the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy for producing changes in visual function.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed to obtain studies on the effects of Syntonic phototherapy on vision. A search in health science databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO) for studies published between 1980 and 2022 was conducted in accordance with the principles of Cochrane approach. The search identified 197 articles. Only clinical studies which used the Syntonic phototherapy as a vision therapy for any visual condition were included. Clinical cases and case series were excluded. Following the inclusion criteria, 8 clinical studies met inclusion, 5 of them being pseudo-experimental studies with an equivalent control group and 3 pre-post pseudo-experimental studies. GRADE tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence of the studies. The GRADE evidence profile for the studies through the Soft table was made to analyse data.
RESULTS
The studies analysed seven outcomes: visual symptoms, functional visual fields, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, deviation (phoria/tropia), stereopsis and reading abilities. Finding table about results (Soft Table) showed that for all outcomes reviewed, all studies yielded very low certainty of evidence. Results revealed a lack of scientific evidence of the efficacy of Syntonic optometric phototherapy to produce changes in the visual function.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review found no consistent evidence for the efficacy of Syntonic phototherapy to cause changes in visual function. There is no scientific evidence to support its clinical use for treating any type of visual anomalies.
Topics: Humans; Phototherapy; Visual Acuity; Vision Disorders; Contrast Sensitivity; Vision, Low
PubMed: 37230932
DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.03.002