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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Respiratory monitoring is a fundamental method to understand the physiological and psychological relationships between respiration and the human body. In this review, we... (Review)
Review
Respiratory monitoring is a fundamental method to understand the physiological and psychological relationships between respiration and the human body. In this review, we overview recent developments on ultrafast humidity sensors with functional nanomaterials for monitoring human respiration. Key advances in design and materials have resulted in humidity sensors with response and recovery times reaching 8 ms. In addition, these sensors are particularly beneficial for respiratory monitoring by being portable and noninvasive. We systematically classify the reported sensors according to four types of output signals: impedance, light, frequency, and voltage. Design strategies for preparing ultrafast humidity sensors using nanomaterials are discussed with regard to physical parameters such as the nanomaterial film thickness, porosity, and hydrophilicity. We also summarize other applications that require ultrafast humidity sensors for physiological studies. This review provides key guidelines and directions for preparing and applying such sensors in practical applications.
Topics: Humans; Humidity; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nanostructures; Porosity; Respiration
PubMed: 35161997
DOI: 10.3390/s22031251 -
Biosensors Nov 2022Wearable devices are being developed faster and applied more widely. Wearables have been used to monitor movement-related physiological indices, including heartbeat,...
Wearable devices are being developed faster and applied more widely. Wearables have been used to monitor movement-related physiological indices, including heartbeat, movement, and other exercise metrics, for health purposes. People are also paying more attention to mental health issues, such as stress management. Wearable devices can be used to monitor emotional status and provide preliminary diagnoses and guided training functions. The nervous system responds to stress, which directly affects eye movements and sweat secretion. Therefore, the changes in brain potential, eye potential, and cortisol content in sweat could be used to interpret emotional changes, fatigue levels, and physiological and psychological stress. To better assess users, stress-sensing devices can be integrated with applications to improve cognitive function, attention, sports performance, learning ability, and stress release. These application-related wearables can be used in medical diagnosis and treatment, such as for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), traumatic stress syndrome, and insomnia, thus facilitating precision medicine. However, many factors contribute to data errors and incorrect assessments, including the various wearable devices, sensor types, data reception methods, data processing accuracy and algorithms, application reliability and validity, and actual user actions. Therefore, in the future, medical platforms for wearable devices and applications should be developed, and product implementations should be evaluated clinically to confirm product accuracy and perform reliable research.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Wearable Electronic Devices; Biosensing Techniques; Athletic Performance; Sweat; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 36551064
DOI: 10.3390/bios12121097 -
Journal of Counseling Psychology Jul 2020Increasing evidence indicates that psychological factors important to therapy effectiveness are associated with physiological activity. Knowledge of the physiological... (Review)
Review
Increasing evidence indicates that psychological factors important to therapy effectiveness are associated with physiological activity. Knowledge of the physiological correlates of therapy process variables has the potential to provide unique insights into how and why therapy works, but little is currently known about the physiological underpinnings of specific therapy processes that facilitate client growth and change. The goal of this article is to introduce therapy process researchers to the use of physiological methods for studying therapy process variables. We do this by (a) presenting a conceptual framework for the study of therapy process variables, (b) providing an introductory overview of physiological systems with particular promise for the study of therapy process variables, (c) introducing the primary methods and methodological decisions involved in physiological research, and (d) demonstrating these principles and methods in a case of therapeutic presence during couple therapy. We close with a discussion of the promise and challenges in the study of physiological correlates of therapy process variables and consideration of future challenges and open questions in this line of research. Online supplemental materials include additional resources for therapy process researchers interested in getting started with physiological research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Couples Therapy; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Psychotherapeutic Processes; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 32614229
DOI: 10.1037/cou0000391 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2019Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) is widely expressed in a variety of normal fetal and adult tissues. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) is widely expressed in a variety of normal fetal and adult tissues.
AIM OF WORK
Review of these normal physiologic functions of PTHrP in each of these tissues.
METHOD
Performed literature search on pubmed on articles related to PTHrP and physiologic roles.
RESULTS
PTHrP is expressed in wide range of sites in the body with roles including relaxation of vessels and smooth muscle cells, and regulation of development. PTHrP also mediates humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP can be falsely elevated in benign conditions. Lastly, PTHrP has a pharmacological role in osteoporosis treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
PTHrP has many various physiological roles besides mediating humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Topics: Humans; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
PubMed: 31910177
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7715 -
Cell and Tissue Research Mar 2022Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at promoting the growth of blood vessels to restore perfusion in ischemic tissues or aid tissue regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth... (Review)
Review
Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at promoting the growth of blood vessels to restore perfusion in ischemic tissues or aid tissue regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis in development, repair, and disease. However, exploiting VEGF for therapeutic purposes has been challenging and needs to take into account some key aspects of VEGF biology. In particular, the spatial localization of angiogenic signals within the extracellular matrix is crucial for physiological assembly and function of new blood vessels. Fibrin is the provisional matrix that is universally deposited immediately after injury and supports the initial steps of tissue regeneration. It provides therefore several ideal features as a substrate to promote therapeutic vascularization, especially through its ability to present growth factors in their physiological matrix-bound state and to modulate their availability for signaling. Here, we provide an overview of fibrin uses as a tissue-engineering scaffold material and as a tunable platform to finely control dose and duration of delivery of recombinant factors in therapeutic angiogenesis. However, in some cases, fibrin has also been associated with undesirable outcomes, namely the promotion of fibrosis and scar formation that actually prevent physiological tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms that tip the balance between the pro- and anti-regenerative functions of fibrin will be the key to fully exploit its therapeutic potential.
Topics: Fibrin; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Tissue Scaffolds; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 35175429
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03598-w -
Biosensors Feb 2023Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ... (Review)
Review
Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
Topics: Humans; Sweat; Wearable Electronic Devices; Biosensing Techniques; Biomarkers; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 36979525
DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313 -
Pulmonology 2020This review introduces the reader to the available technologies in the field of telemonitoring, with focus on respiratory patients. In the materials and methods section,... (Review)
Review
This review introduces the reader to the available technologies in the field of telemonitoring, with focus on respiratory patients. In the materials and methods section, a general structure of telemonitoring systems for respiratory patients is presented and the sensors of interest are illustrated, i.e., respiratory monitors (wearable and non-wearable), activity trackers, pulse oximeters, environmental monitors and other sensors of physiological variables. Afterwards, the most common communication protocols are briefly introduced. In the results section, selected clinical studies that prove the significance of the presented parameters in chronic respiratory diseases are presented. This is followed by a discussion on the main current issues in telemedicine, in particular legal aspects, data privacy and benefits both in economic and health terms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Communication; Confidentiality; Environmental Monitoring; Fitness Trackers; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oximetry; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Technology; Telemedicine; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 31932232
DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.11.006 -
Bone Dec 2020Three physiologically mineralizing tissues - teeth, cartilage and bone - have critical common elements and important evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetically the... (Review)
Review
Three physiologically mineralizing tissues - teeth, cartilage and bone - have critical common elements and important evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetically the most ancient densely mineralized tissue is teeth. In jawless fishes without skeletons, tooth formation included epithelial transport of phosphates, a process echoed later in bone physiology. Cartilage and mineralized cartilage are skeletal elements separate from bone, but with metabolic features common to bone. Cartilage mineralization is coordinated with high expression of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and PHOSPHO1 to harvest available phosphate esters and support mineralization of collagen secreted locally. Mineralization in true bone results from stochastic nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals within the cross-linked collagen fibrils. Mineral accumulation in dense collagen is, at least in major part, mediated by amorphous aggregates - often called Posner clusters - of calcium and phosphate that are small enough to diffuse into collagen fibrils. Mineral accumulation in membrane vesicles is widely suggested, but does not correlate with a definitive stage of mineralization. Conversely mineral deposition at non-physiologic sites where calcium and phosphate are adequate has been shown to be regulated in large part by pyrophosphate. All of these elements are present in vertebrate bone metabolism. A key biological element of bone formation is an epithelial-like cellular organization which allows control of phosphate, calcium and pH during mineralization.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Calcification, Physiologic; Minerals; Osteogenesis; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32858255
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115621 -
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The...
The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The non-invasive wearable sensing system can continuously and real-time monitor important physiological signs of the human body and evaluate health status. In addition, it can provide efficient and convenient information feedback, thereby reducing the health risks caused by chronic diseases in the elderly. A wearable system for detecting physiological and behavioral signals was developed in this study. We explored the design of flexible wearable sensing technology and its application in sensing systems. The wearable system included smart hats, smart clothes, smart gloves, and smart insoles, achieving long-term continuous monitoring of physiological and motion signals. The performance of the system was verified, and the new sensing system was compared with commercial equipment. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed system presented a comparable performance with the existing system. In summary, the proposed flexible sensor system provides an accurate, detachable, expandable, user-friendly and comfortable solution for physiological and motion signal monitoring. It is expected to be used in remote healthcare monitoring and provide personalized information monitoring, disease prediction, and diagnosis for doctors/patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Wearable Electronic Devices; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38151929
DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208012